RESUMO
PIP: Tahiti, situated in the Society Islands of the South Pacific among the 130 islands in the five archipelagos of French Polynesia, has very few indigenous populations. Population growth has been rapid under the conditions of military development and increasing immigration. When nuclear testing was approved in 1966, 18,000 troops arrived as did foreign migrants seeking work. Per capita income was high for the Pacific island countries, but distribution was very uneven. The transfers of administrative systems and law resulted in the loss of lands for some, who could not adjust to a foreign system. Today urban youth are confronted with high unemployment, malnutrition, disease, and overcrowding. The once beautiful lagoons have been contaminated with sewage and pesticides from soil erosion, caused in part by the careless construction along coastal areas. The most serious health problem is irradiation caused cancers: leukemia, thyroid infection, and brain tumors. There are also high levels of miscarriages. Lagoon fish have become contaminated by the disruptions to their habitat from detonation in two atolls. On the Mangareva Islands, all 600 residents died from ciguatera fish poisoning. Anti-nuclear groups have had very little impact. Polynesian women have suffered from these conditions and from the view that women are unclean and inferior. Women do not have access to political or economic power. The first effective women's group was formed in 1975 after Tahitian women's participation in the first Pacific Women's Conference held in Suva, Fiji. Tahitian women exchanged information with other women of similar background, and valuable international contacts were made. The movement to stop nuclear testing gained momentum from these interactions, from subsequent conferences, and better press coverage at home. Knowledge of environmental issues has been hampered by language barriers and literacy. The suspension of testing in April 1992 will benefit the health of Tahitians in the long term, but loss of jobs and housing will be a difficult adjustment in the short term.^ieng