RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the changes in depression and anxiety symptoms among Brazilian adults over 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: The present study used data from wave 1 (June/July 2020) and wave 2 (December 2020/January 2021) of the Prospective Study About Mental and Physical Health (PAMPA) Cohort, a state-level, ambispective longitudinal study with adults from southern Brazil. The frequency of anxiety and depressive symptoms was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Anxiety and depressive symptoms before social distancing were retrospectively assessed during wave 1. RESULTS: Most of the 674 participants were classified as non-symptomatic for depressive (85.0%) and anxiety symptoms (73.2%) before the COVID-19 pandemic. At wave 1, there were increases in symptoms of depression (7.6% [95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.2%, 8.1%]) and anxiety (9.1% [95% CI: 8.6%, 9.5%]). These decreased at wave 2 (depression: 6.9% [95% CI: 6.5%, 7.2%]; anxiety: 7.4% [95% CI: 7.1%, 7.8%]) although they were still elevated compared with pre-COVID (depression: 4.5% [95% CI: 4.2%, 4.8%]; anxiety: 5.8% [95% CI: 5.5%, 6.1%]). Adults living alone (b = 0.44 [95% CI: 0.07, 0.82]) had a faster trajectory in anxiety symptoms than their counterparts. Cohort members who were living alone (b = 0.24 [95% CI: 0.06, 0.42]) and with diagnosed chronic disease (0.32 [95% CI: 0.18, 0.46]) had a faster increase in depressive symptoms than their respective counterparts. Participants aged ≥60 years showed a slower trajectory of depressive (b = -0.46 [95% CI: -0.73, -0.18]) and anxiety (b = -0.61 [95% CI: -1.20, -0.02) symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: During 10 months of COVID-19, anxiety and depression symptoms improved but were still higher than before COVID-19.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Adulto , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms before and during the pandemic and identify factors associated with aggravated mental health symptoms. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: We identified the proportion of normal, mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of depression and anxiety before and during the social distancing restrictions in adults from southern Brazil. An online, self-administered questionnaire was delivered for residents within the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were examined by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. RESULTS: Most of the participants (n = 2314) aged between 31 and 59 years (54.2%), were women (76.6%), White (90.6%) with a university degree (66.6%). Moderate-to-severe symptoms of depression and anxiety were reported in 3.9% and 4.5% of participants, respectively, before COVID-19. During the pandemic (June-July, 2020), these proportions increased to 29.1% (6.6-fold increase) and 37.8% (7.4-fold increase), respectively. Higher rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms were observed among women, those aged 18-30 years, diagnosed with chronic disease and participants who had their income negatively affected by social restrictions. Remaining active or becoming physically active during social distancing restrictions reduced the probability of aggravated mental health disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive and anxiety symptoms had a 6.6- and 7.4-fold increase since the COVID-19 pandemic. Public policies such as physical activity promotion and strategies to reduce the economic strain caused by this pandemic are urgently needed to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on mental health.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/epidemiologia , COVID-19/psicologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , SARS-CoV-2 , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ansiedade/etiologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/etiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Estudos de Coortes , Depressão/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Renda , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study investigated the effects of maternal separation on the feeding behavior of rats. A maternal separation model was used on postnatal day 1 (PND1), forming the following groups: in the maternal separation (MS) group, pups were separated from their mothers each day from PND1 to PND14, whereas in the control (C) group pups were kept with their mothers. Subgroups were formed to study the effects of light and darkness: control with dark and light exposure, female and male (CF and CM), and maternal separation with dark and light exposure, female and male (SDF, SDM, SLF and SLM). Female rats had higher caloric intake relative to body weight compared with male controls in the dark period only (CF=23.3±0.5 v. CM=18.2±0.7, P<0.001). Macronutrient feeding preferences were observed, with male rats exhibiting higher caloric intake from a protein diet as compared with female rats (CF=4.1±0.7, n=8 v. CM=7.0±0.5, n=8, P<0.05) and satiety development was not interrupted. Female rats had a higher adrenal weight as compared with male rats independently of experimental groups and exhibited a higher concentration of serum triglycerides (n=8, P<0.001). The study indicates possible phenotypic adjustments in the structure of feeding behavior promoted by maternal separation, especially in the dark cycle. The dissociation between the mother's presence and milk intake probably induces adjustments in feeding behavior during adulthood.
Assuntos
Preferências Alimentares/fisiologia , Preferências Alimentares/psicologia , Privação Materna , Saciação/fisiologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Feminino , Masculino , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos WistarAssuntos
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/complicações , Estenose Esofágica/etiologia , Úlcera Péptica Perfurada/etiologia , Úlcera Gástrica/etiologia , Adulto , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Estenose Esofágica/diagnóstico , Estenose Esofágica/cirurgia , Humanos , Laparotomia , Masculino , Úlcera Péptica Perfurada/diagnóstico , Úlcera Péptica Perfurada/cirurgia , Úlcera Gástrica/diagnóstico , Úlcera Gástrica/cirurgiaRESUMO
An evaluation of the efficiency of bacterial biomass augmentation was performed at lab-scale for the pollution treatment of the Derby-Tacaruna canal. The canal is located at the central area of Great Recife, alongside an important urban corridor. The characterization of the canal water in different tidal conditions showed that the actual pollution is organic and inorganic (heavy metals). Degradation experiments of water from the canal and rain-off system polluted by synthetic wastewater were performed, using activated sludge and an industrial bioadditive. Continuous reactors under two different conditions were evaluated: with diffuse aeration and without aeration. The channel reactor was operated under steady state conditions at a flow rate of 2.5 L h(-1) and with an average residence time of 22 h without aeration and 17 h with aeration. The organic matter removal was in the range of 60% for the system inoculated with the bioadditive and 85% with activated sludge. It was concluded that the water of the Derby-Tacaruna canal may be treated by activated sludge without being affected by its salt content, while the bioaugmentation technique was not satisfactory due to inhibition by inorganics.
Assuntos
Purificação da Água/métodos , Biodegradação Ambiental , Biomassa , Brasil , Esgotos , Clima Tropical , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Movimentos da Água , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Poluição Química da Água/prevenção & controleRESUMO
A rat model of complete sciatic nerve transection was used to evaluate the effect of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) transplanted to the injury site immediately after lesion. Rats treated with BMMC had both sensory and motor axons reaching the distal stump earlier compared to untreated animals. In addition, BMMC transplantation reduced cell death in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) compared to control animals. Transplanted BMMC remained in the lesion site for several days but there is no evidence of BMMC differentiation into Schwann cells. However, an increase in the number of Schwann cells, satellite cells and astrocytes was observed in the treated group. Moreover, neutralizing antibodies for nerve growth factor (NGF) (but not for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and ciliary-derived neurotrophic factor) added to the BMMC-conditioned medium reduced neurite growth of sensory and sympathetic neurons in vitro, suggesting that BMMC release NGF, improve regeneration of the sciatic nerve in the adult rat and stimulate Schwann and satellite cell proliferation or a combination of both.
Assuntos
Transplante de Medula Óssea/métodos , Regeneração Nervosa/fisiologia , Neuroglia/fisiologia , Neurônios/fisiologia , Neuropatia Ciática/patologia , Neuropatia Ciática/cirurgia , Animais , Células da Medula Óssea/fisiologia , Bromodesoxiuridina/metabolismo , Morte Celular , Proliferação de Células , Células Cultivadas , Embrião de Galinha , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Gânglios Espinais/citologia , Masculino , Fator de Crescimento Neural/uso terapêutico , Regeneração Nervosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Neurônios/classificação , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Neuropatia Ciática/tratamento farmacológico , Técnicas de Cultura de TecidosRESUMO
Acanthoscelides obtectus is a devastating storage insect pest capable of causing severe bean crop losses. In order to maintain their own development, insect pest larvae feed continuously, synthesizing efficient digestive enzymes. Among them, cysteine proteinases (CPs) are commonly produced as inactive precursors (procysteines), requiring a cleavage of the peptide proregion to become active. The proregion fits tightly into the active site of procysteines, efficiently preventing their activity. In this report, a CP cDNA (cpao) was isolated from A. obtectus midgut larvae. In silico studies indicated that the complete CP sequence contains a hydrophobic signal peptide, a prodomain and a conserved catalytic region. Moreover, the encoding cDNA contains 963bp translating into a 321 residue protein, CPAo, which was expressed in E. coli, fused with thioredoxin. Enzymatic assays using the recombinant protein revealed that the enzyme was catalytically active, being able to cleave the synthetic substrate Z-Phe-Arg-7-AMC. Additionally, this report also focuses the cpao propeptide (PCPAo) subcloning and expression. The expressed propeptide efficiently inhibited CPAo, as well as digestive CP of other bean bruchids. Little or no activity was found against proteolytic enzymes of two other coleopterans: Rhyzopertha dominica and Anthonomus grandis. The data reported here indicate the possibility of endogenous propeptides as a novel strategy on bruchids control, which could be applicable to bean improvement programs.
Assuntos
Besouros/enzimologia , Cisteína Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Inibidores de Cisteína Proteinase/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Sítios de Ligação , Clonagem Molecular , Sequência Conservada , Cisteína Endopeptidases/química , Cisteína Endopeptidases/genética , Cisteína Endopeptidases/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores de Cisteína Proteinase/química , Inibidores de Cisteína Proteinase/genética , DNA Complementar/genética , Escherichia coli/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Ligação Proteica , Sinais Direcionadores de Proteínas , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Especificidade por Substrato , Tiorredoxinas/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed the intratumoral activity of interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) in the treatment of cystic craniopharyngiomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 2000 to January 2004, nine patients presenting with cystic craniopharyngiomas were treated with intratumoral injection of IFN-alpha at the Pediatric Oncology Institute of the Federal University of São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina. Age ranged from 1 year and 10 months to 18 years (mean 10 years). All intratumoral catheters were inserted by a subfrontal approach. Doses varied from 36 to 108 MU. RESULTS: There was complete disappearance of the lesion in seven cases. In two cases, partial reduction of tumor size was observed at follow-up. Follow-up varied from 1 year to 3 years and 6 months (mean 1 year 8 months). CONCLUSIONS: IFN-alpha proved to be an effective drug in the control of cystic craniopharyngiomas. Additional studies should be carried out to determine the optimal dose of IFN-alpha in the treatment of cystic craniopharyngioma. In addition, other drugs possessing high efficacy and low neurotoxicity should be analyzed.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Craniofaringioma/tratamento farmacológico , Cistos/tratamento farmacológico , Interferon-alfa/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Radiografia/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis/etiologia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Resíduos de Alimentos , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Têxteis , Trabalho , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Escolaridade , Feminino , Resíduos Perigosos , Habitação , Humanos , Masculino , Estado Civil , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pobreza , Risco , Ferimentos e Lesões/etiologiaRESUMO
We have examined how herbimycin affects the survival and neuritogenesis of avian sympathetic neurons. Herbimycin promoted sympathetic neuron survival and neuritogenesis. At higher concentrations (> or = 100 ng/ml), herbimycin still enhanced neuron survival but blocked neuritogenesis. Addition of herbimycin (10-30 ng/ml) to neurons cultured in the presence of NGF or retinal conditioned medium altered neuronal morphology, with an increase in the number of neurites. Addition of NGF during hypoxia rescued 52% of the neurons compared to 14% survival in control conditions. Herbimycin alone rescued about 50% of the neurons. In the presence of NGF and 100 ng/ml herbimycin, 81% of the neurons survived hypoxia. Our results show that herbimycin promotes survival of chick sympathetic neurons and potentiates the effects of NGF.
Assuntos
Fibras Adrenérgicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibras Adrenérgicas/fisiologia , Quinonas/farmacologia , Animais , Benzoquinonas , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Morte Celular/fisiologia , Hipóxia Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipóxia Celular/fisiologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas , Embrião de Galinha , Lactamas Macrocíclicas , Neuritos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neuritos/fisiologia , Rifabutina/análogos & derivadosRESUMO
The angioarchitecture of young rabbits' palatine gingiva was studied by using the corrosion resin cast method. The vascular corrosion casts were obtained using low viscosity resin (Mercox CL-2B) and were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The palatine gingiva had areas with various arrangements. The capillaries of the palatine gingiva and interdental papillae had numerous projections, but in the gingival sulcus, the blood vessels were arranged in a flattened network from their capillary extremities. The blood vessels supplying the alveolar bone were also clearly seen.
Assuntos
Gengiva/irrigação sanguínea , Mucosa Bucal/irrigação sanguínea , Processo Alveolar/irrigação sanguínea , Processo Alveolar/ultraestrutura , Animais , Molde por Corrosão , Feminino , Gengiva/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Microcirculação/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Mucosa Bucal/ultraestrutura , Palato Duro , CoelhosRESUMO
The structural complexity of the nitrogen sources strongly affects biomass production and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes in filamentous fungi. Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus nidulans were grown in media containing glucose or starch, and supplemented with a nitrogen source varying from a single ammonium salt (ammonium sulfate) to free amino acids (casamino acids), peptides (peptone) and protein (gelatin). In glucose, when the initial pH was adjusted to 5.0, for both microorganisms, higher biomass production occurred upon supplementation with a nitrogen source in the peptide form (peptone and gelatin). With a close to neutrality pH, biomass accumulation was lower only in the presence of the ammonium salt. When grown in starch, biomass accumulation and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes (amylolytic and proteolytic) by Fusarium also depended on the nature of the nitrogen supplement and the pH. When the initial pH was adjusted to 5.0, higher growth and higher amylolytic activities were detected in the media supplemented with peptone, gelatin and casamino acids. However, at pH 7.0, higher biomass accumulation and higher amylolytic activities were observed upon supplementation with peptone or gelatin. Ammonium sulfate and casamino acids induced a lower production of biomass, and a different level of amylolytic enzyme secretion: high in ammonium sulfate and low in casamino acids. Secretion of proteolytic activity was always higher in the media supplemented with peptone and gelatin. Aspergillus, when grown in starch, was not as dependent as Fusarium on the nature of nitrogen source or the pH. The results described in this work indicate that the metabolism of fungi is regulated not only by pH, but also by the level of structural complexity of the nitrogen source in correlation to the carbon source.
Assuntos
Amilases/metabolismo , Aspergillus nidulans/enzimologia , Biomassa , Fusarium/enzimologia , Nitrogênio/química , Peptídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Aspergillus nidulans/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Meios de Cultura , Fusarium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Regulação Fúngica da Expressão Gênica , Hidrólise , Nitrogênio/metabolismoRESUMO
In occupational accidents involving health professionals handling potentially contaminated material, the decision to start or to continue prophylactic medication against infection by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has been based on the ELISA test applied to a blood sample from the source patient. In order to rationalize the prophylactic use of antiretroviral agents, a rapid serologic diagnostic test of HIV infection was tested by the enzymatic immunoabsorption method (SUDS HIV 1+2, MUREX) and compared to conventional ELISA (Abbott HIV-1/ HIV-2 3rd Generation plus EIA). A total of 592 cases of occupational accidents were recorded at the University Hospital of Ribeirão Preto from July 1998 to April 1999. Of these, 109 were simultaneously evaluated by the rapid test and by ELISA HIV. The rapid test was positive in three cases and was confirmed by ELISA and in one the result was inconclusive and later found to be negative by ELISA. In the 106 accidents in which the rapid test was negative no prophylactic medication was instituted, with an estimated reduction in costs of US$ 2,889.35. In addition to this advantage, the good correlation of the rapid test with ELISA, the shorter duration of stress and the absence of exposure of the health worker to the adverse effects of antiretroviral agents suggest the adoption of this test in Programs of Attention to Accidents with Potentially Contaminated Material.
Assuntos
Sorodiagnóstico da AIDS/métodos , Acidentes de Trabalho , Pessoal de Saúde , Sorodiagnóstico da AIDS/economia , Fármacos Anti-HIV/economia , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Contaminação de Equipamentos , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , HumanosRESUMO
A total of 207 L. monocytogenes strains isolated from different types of cheeses commercialized in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were serotyped and evaluated for their ability to produce beta-haemolysin and lecithinase and to adsorb Congo red dye. Of the 207 strains, 59.9, 27.5 and 12.6% belonged to serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b and 4b, respectively. In addition, 175 strains of L. monocytogenes produced lecithinase while strains of the other species did not. Some of the non-L. monocytogenes strains adsorbed the dye Congo red, while some L. monocytogenes did not. Statistical analysis of the results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) amongst the virulence tests and the three serotypes found. In the present study, 32 L. monocytogenes strains were also analyzed by RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA). RAPD analysis allowed the discrimination among strains of different serotypes, as well as among strains of the same serotype. It is important to emphasize that the use of more than one primer is needed for characterization of L. monocytogenes strains. With RAPD the strains were grouped into six different profiles, some of them common for strains belonging to different serotypes. The results also indicated a close genetic relationship among strains of different serotypes.
Assuntos
Queijo/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/isolamento & purificação , Listeria monocytogenes/classificação , Listeria monocytogenes/patogenicidade , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Primers do DNA , Amplificação de Genes , Listeria monocytogenes/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Sorotipagem , Virulência/genéticaRESUMO
Enzyme-inhibitor specificity was studied for alpha-amylases and their inhibitors. We purified and cloned the cDNAs of two different alpha-amylase inhibitors from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and have recently cloned the cDNA of an alpha-amylase of the Mexican bean weevil (Zabrotes subfasciatus), which is inhibited by alpha-amylase inhibitor 2 but not by alpha-amylase inhibitor 1. The crystal structure of AI-1 complexed with pancreatic porcine alpha-amylase allowed us to model the structure of AI-2. The structure of Zabrotes subfasciatus alpha-amylase was modeled based on the crystal structure of Tenebrio molitor alpha-amylase. Pairwise AI-1 and AI-2 with PPA and ZSA complexes were modeled. For these complexes we first identified the interface forming residues. In addition, we identified the hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions and loss of hydrophobic surface area resulting from complex formation. The parameters we studied provide insight into the general scheme of binding, but fall short of explaining the specificity of the inhibition. We also introduce three new tools-software packages STING, HORNET and STINGPaint-which efficiently determine the interface forming residues and the ionic interaction data, the hydrogen bond net as well as aid in interpretation of multiple sequence alignment, respectively.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Lectinas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/química , alfa-Amilases/antagonistas & inibidores , alfa-Amilases/química , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Clonagem Molecular , Besouros/enzimologia , Gráficos por Computador , Cristalografia por Raios X , Fabaceae , Ligação de Hidrogênio , Modelos Moleculares , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Lectinas de Plantas , Plantas Medicinais , Conformação Proteica , Proteínas Recombinantes/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Alinhamento de SequênciaRESUMO
The present study evaluated the incidence of Listeria spp. in some Brazilian cheeses obtained from retail stores in Rio de Janeiro, Of 103 samples of various types of cheese examined as recommended in the Listeria isolation protocol of the Health Protection Branch of Canada, 11 (10.68%) were contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes, 13 (12.62%) by Listeria innocua, 6 (5.83%) by Listeria grayi, and 1 (0.97%) by Listeria welshimeri. A higher incidence of L. monocytogenes as observed mainly in the homemade Minas Frescal cheeses (a Brazilian soft white cheese, eaten fresh), 7 of 17 (41.17%), followed by ripened cheeses, 3 of 53 (5.67%), and industrially manufactured Frescal (Minas and Ricotta) cheeses, 1 of 33 (3.03%). Three serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b and 4b) were observed among the strains of L. monocytogenes isolated, all of them being frequently involved in outbreaks of foodborne listeriosis and sporadic cases of the disease all over the world.
Assuntos
Queijo/microbiologia , Listeria monocytogenes/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Listeria/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Listeria/isolamento & purificação , Listeria monocytogenes/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
This study was realized in the outpatient ward of bone marrow transplantation. The sample consisted of 17 adult patients and six workers. The data was collected from October to December, 1996, being obtained through filming, decodification of the films, a questionnaire and interview with the workers. The purposes were to identify in what situations the different types occurred, and which regions of the body were involved. It was found that most of the touching was of the instrumental type. The regions touched were the thorax and upper limbs.
Assuntos
Assistência Ambulatorial/métodos , Relações Enfermeiro-Paciente , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos , Tato , Adulto , Assistência Ambulatorial/psicologia , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Transplante de Medula Óssea/enfermagem , Transplante de Medula Óssea/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Cuidados de Enfermagem/psicologia , Pesquisa Metodológica em Enfermagem , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Gravação de VideoteipeRESUMO
The black-eyed pea trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor (BTCI) is a member of the Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI) family. The three-dimensional model of the BTCI-chymotrypsin complex was built based on the homology to Bowman-Birk inhibitors with known structures. An extensive theoretical and experimental study of these known structures has been performed. The model confirms the ideas about Bowman-Birk inhibitor structure-function relations and agrees well with our experimental data (circular dichroism, IR and light scattering). The electrostatic potentials at the enzyme-inhibitor contact surface reveal a pattern of complementary electrostatic potentials from which mutations can be inferred that could give these inhibitors an altered specificity.
Assuntos
Quimotripsina/antagonistas & inibidores , Fabaceae/enzimologia , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Plantas Medicinais , Inibidores da Tripsina/química , Tripsina/química , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sítios de Ligação , Biopolímeros/química , Cristalografia por Raios X , Modelos Moleculares , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas de Plantas/antagonistas & inibidores , Alinhamento de Sequência , Eletricidade EstáticaRESUMO
The genetic diversity in three African Brazilian populations was analyzed using the 360-nucleotide sequences of the first hypervariable segment (HVS-I) of the mitochondrial DNA control region. Results from 42 individuals revealed 39 distinct lineages defined by 54 variable positions. Some of the sequence types were clearly African derived, but apparent Amerindian lineages also occurred. The lineage clusters did not show any association with place of residence of the individuals or with their morphological classification. Nucleotide diversity, however, seemed to be associated with degree of admixture. The mismatch distribution suggests a major human population expansion 60,000 years ago.
Assuntos
População Negra/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Genética Populacional , África/etnologia , Antropologia Física , Sequência de Bases , Brasil/epidemiologia , DNA Mitocondrial/análise , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Estudos de AmostragemRESUMO
We investigated the effect of diazepam on memory of 30 days-old and 60-70 days-old female Wistar rats, using two behavioral tasks: step-down inhibitory avoidance (IA) and shuttle avoidance (SA). Diazepam (0.2, 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg) or its vehicle were given i.p., 60 min prior to the training session. Training-test interval was 24 h. Diazepam impaired the retention of IA in 30 days-old rats at the three doses used, while retention of SA was not impaired by any dose. In the 60-70 days-old animals, diazepam at the dose of 0.2 mg/kg was facilitatory in IA and had no effect on SA, while doses of 1.0 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg impaired retention of both tasks. We suggest that these age-dependent effects of diazepam on memory of IA and SA could be related to developmental changes in brain GABAA receptors.