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Introducción: Debido al desdentamiento, el rendimiento y la fuerza masticatoria disminuyen, lo que implica una desorganización y descompensación del sistema estomatognático con fuerzas provocadas por la masticación, que se distribuyen en el hueso a través de dientes y mucosas y provocan la reabsorción ósea en zonas edéntulas. Objetivo: Comparar el rendimiento masticatorio y la fuerza masticatoria máxima funcional en pacientes desdentados parciales portadores de prótesis parcial removible dentomucosoportadas, antes y después de la instalación quirúrgica de implantes oseointegrados como pilares protésicos auxiliares. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 10 pacientes rehabilitados mediante prótesis parcial removibles. Se les realizaron el test biomecánico de medición de fuerza masticatoria y test de Manly para la evaluación del rendimiento masticatorio antes de la instalación del implante y a los tres y seis meses poscirugía. Resultados: Se obtuvo un valor promedio de rendimiento masticatorio de 24,2 ( 9,73 % antes de la cirugía de implantes, de 44,1 ( 13,28 % a los tres meses y de 45,6 ( 14,33 % a los seis meses posterior a esta (p = 0,001). Antes de la cirugía implantaria se obtuvo como promedio una fuerza masticatoria de 10,6 ( 4,34 kg, de 12,5 ( 4,28 kg a los tres meses y de 15,1 ( 5,12 kg a los seis meses posterior a esta (p = 0,008). Conclusiones: La utilización de implantes oseointegrados como pilares auxiliares en prótesis removibles dentomucosoportadas se asocian a un mayor rendimiento masticatorio y a un aumento de la fuerza masticatoria máxima funcional, asociado al alivio de la carga directa sobre los rebordes maxilares edéntulos.

Introduction: Due to edentulousness, masticatory performance and masticatory force decrease, which implies a disorganization and decompensation of the stomatognathic system with forces provoked by mastication, which are distributed in the bone through teeth and mucous membranes and cause bone resorption in edentulous areas. Objective: To compare masticatory performance and maximum functional masticatory force in partially edentulous patients with dentomucosally supported removable partial dentures before and after surgical installation of osseointegrated implants as auxiliary prosthetic abutments. Methods: Ten patients rehabilitated with removable partial dentures were selected. The biomechanical test of masticatory force measurement and the Manly test were performed to evaluate masticatory performance before implant installation and at three- and six-months post-surgery. Results: An average masticatory performance value of 24.2 ( 9.73 % was obtained before implant surgery, 44.1 ( 13.28 % at three months and 45.6 ( 14.33 % at six months after implant surgery (p = 0.001). Before implant surgery, an average masticatory force of 10.6 ( 4.34 kg, 12.5  4.28 kg at three months and 15.1 ( 5.12 kg at six months after implant surgery was obtained (p = 0.008). Conclusions: The use of osseointegrated implants as auxiliary abutments in dentomucosally supported removable prostheses are associated with increased masticatory performance and increased maximum functional masticatory force, associated with relief of direct load on edentulous maxillary ridges.

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AIM: To assess the correlation between the periodontal phenotype (PP) and sinus membrane thickness (SMT) in humans. METHODS: This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Two reviewers independently carried out electronic and manual literature searches of studies published in English, German, and Spanish, from 1970 to September 2022 in four electronic databases, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, in addition to gray literature. Studies that assessed the correlation between PP and SMT in adults (aged 18 years) were included. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) for articles that met the eligibility criteria. RESULTS: Six studies, including 510 patients, were considered for qualitative analysis. All included studies were cross-sectional, and the correlation between the PP and SMT was evaluated, finding a positive and high correlation in 83.3% of them, based on a value of ≥0.7. All the included studies were assessed with a high overall risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal phenotype and sinus membrane thickness are likely correlated. Nevertheless, further standardized studies are required to draw definitive conclusions.

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PURPOSE: To assess the body of evidence of short versus regular implants after bone augmentation (BA) in the atrophic posterior mandible in the context of implant treatment success outcomes. METHODS: Seven databases, two registries, and reference lists were searched for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (SR/MA), randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and longitudinal studies published in English, Spanish or German since 2012. Confidence in the SR/MA methodology was evaluated using AMSTAR-2 and the risk of bias of primary studies using Cochrane's RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I. A random-effects meta-analysis and a meta-regression were performed for continuous and dichotomous outcomes. GRADE approach was used to assess the certainty of the evidence. RESULTS: Eighteen SRs/MAs, most of them "critically low" and "low" confidence with substantial overlap, included 14 relevant RCTs with a high risk of bias. A cohort study with moderate risk of bias was added. Quantitative synthesis of 595 implants and 281 hemiarches/patients indicates that the use of short implants (< 10 mm) compared to regular implants and BA may reduce implant failure at 1-year follow-up, and marginal bone loss (MBL) at 3-, 5-, and 8-year follow-up; is likely to reduce the risk of biological complications at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 8-year follow-up; and may be the patient's preferred alternative. There is a correlation between bone height, MBL and biological complications. CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence partially suggests that the use of short implants could decrease implant failure, MBL, and biological complications, and increase patient satisfaction. However, given the need for further RCTs and real-world evidence to fully evaluate short- and long-term outcomes, it would be prudent for clinicians to carefully consider the individual needs and circumstances of the patients before deciding whether to use short implants. Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42022333526.

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There is an urgent need to understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-host interactions involved in virus spread and pathogenesis, which might contribute to the identification of new therapeutic targets. In this study, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in postmortem lung, kidney, and liver samples of patients who died with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its relationship with host factors involved in virus spread and pathogenesis, using microscopy-based methods. The cases analyzed showed advanced stages of diffuse acute alveolar damage and fibrosis. We identified the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (NC) in a variety of cells, colocalizing with mitochondrial proteins, lipid droplets (LDs), and key host proteins that have been implicated in inflammation, tissue repair, and the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle (vimentin, NLRP3, fibronectin, LC3B, DDX3X, and PPARγ), pointing to vimentin and LDs as platforms involved not only in the viral life cycle but also in inflammation and pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 isolated from a patient´s nasal swab was grown in cell culture and used to infect hamsters. Target cells identified in human tissue samples included lung epithelial and endothelial cells; lipogenic fibroblast-like cells (FLCs) showing features of lipofibroblasts such as activated PPARγ signaling and LDs; lung FLCs expressing fibronectin and vimentin and macrophages, both with evidence of NLRP3- and IL1ß-induced responses; regulatory cells expressing immune-checkpoint proteins involved in lung repair responses and contributing to inflammatory responses in the lung; CD34+ liver endothelial cells and hepatocytes expressing vimentin; renal interstitial cells; and the juxtaglomerular apparatus. This suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may directly interfere with critical lung, renal, and liver functions involved in COVID-19-pathogenesis.

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Background: Acute Sheehan's syndrome is rare, as well as hyponatremia as its initial manifestation. In addition, spontaneous pregnancy in patients after Sheehan's syndrome is unusual. To our knowledge, no cases of spontaneous pregnancy after acute Sheehan's syndrome have been reported. We describe a case of Sheehan's syndrome that presented with acute hyponatremia and a spontaneous pregnancy. Case: A 34-year-old female developed blood loss during delivery, which required a blood transfusion. On day seven postpartum, she presented with headaches, lethargy, and difficulty in breastfeeding. The workup showed hyponatremia (118 mEq/l), secondary hypothyroidism, and low prolactin levels. Magnetic resonance imaging showed pituitary necrosis. She was treated with NaCl, hydrocortisone (cortisol results were not available), and levothyroxine. Laboratory tests six weeks after discharge showed low IGF-1 and 8 AM cortisol and normal FT4, LH, FSH, and PRL levels. She was able to partially breastfeed until 4 months postpartum. Regular menstrual cycles started three months later. She became spontaneously pregnant one year later. Conclusion: Acute Sheehan's syndrome should be considered in the evaluation of postpartum patients with suggestive symptoms. Physicians should be aware that hyponatremia could be an initial manifestation of Sheehan's syndrome, which requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. Spontaneous pregnancy can occur after acute Sheehan's syndrome.

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Objective: To generate teledentistry protocols for urgent and priority dental care for the elderly population through a technological web platform and mobile application in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: Teledentistry protocols were developed in five sequential steps: Staff training, Patient recruitment, Patient admission, Patient reception and Patient care. Reasons for admission were categorized in urgencies and priority dental treatment. Results: The most prevalent reasons for consultation were prosthesis mismatch (18.37%), dental pain (16.33%) and fractured teeth (14.29%). In urgencies by need for treatment: due to infection or pain (24.44%) or to avoid pulp involvement (26.67%). The rest of the care did not require immediate attention. Regarding the OHIP-14Sp survey prior to care, in which patients were consulted for problems with their teeth, mouth or prosthesis, two questions were answered per dimension, for each dimension the following values were obtained: functional limitation (71.30% and 50.44%), physical pain (68.97% and 70.18%), psychological discomfort (75.00% and 74.14%), physical disability (57.39% and 46.09%), psychological disability (37.72% and 53.91%), social disability (33.91% and 30.97%) and handicap (27.83% and 25.86%). Conclusion: A teledentistry protocol for urgent and priority dental care of the elderly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic with a focus on a general dentist remotely supported specialists was a useful tool to effectively systematize the care of elderly patients, reducing risk of exposure to COVID-19 and solving dental urgencies in this population

Objetivo: Generar protocolos de teleodontología para la atención odontológica urgente y prioritaria de la población adulta mayor a través de una plataforma web tecnológica y aplicación móvil en el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19. Material y Métodos: Los protocolos de teleodontología se desarrollaron en cinco pasos secuenciales: capacitación del personal, reclutamiento de pacientes, admisión de pacientes, recepción de pacientes y atención al paciente. Los motivos de ingreso se categorizaron en urgencias y tratamiento odontológico prioritario. Resultados: Los motivos de consulta más prevalentes fueron desajuste de prótesis (18,37%), dolor dental (16,33%) y dientes fracturados (14,29%). En urgencias por necesidad de tratamiento por infección o dolor (24,44%) o para evitar afectación pulpar (26,67%). El resto de los cuidados no requirieron atención inmediata. En cuanto a la encuesta OHIP-14Sp previa a la atención, en la que se consultaba a los pacientes por problemas en sus dientes, boca o prótesis, se respondieron dos preguntas por dimensión, para cada dimensión se obtuvieron los siguientes valores: limitación funcional (71,30% y 50,44%), dolor físico (68,97% y 70,18%), malestar psicológico (75,00% y 74,14%), discapacidad física (57,39% y 46,09%), discapacidad psicológica (37,72% y 53,91%), discapacidad social (33,91% y 30,97%) y handicap (27,83% y 25,86%). Conclusión: Un protocolo de teleodontología para la atención odontológica urgente y prioritaria del adulto mayor, en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19 con un enfoque en un odontólogo general con especialistas apoyados de forma remota, fue una herramienta útil para sistematizar de manera efectiva la atención de los pacientes adultos mayores, reduciendo el riesgo de exposición al COVID-19 y resolviendo las urgencias odontológicas en esta población.

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Introducción: Las lesiones blanquecinas bucales con potencial maligno, son un grupo reconocible de enfermedades de las mucosas, que preceden a la aparición de cánceres invasivos de la cavidad bucal. Objetivo: Determinar el potencial de transformación maligna de las lesiones blanquecinas de la cavidad bucal. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, de enero del año 2016 hasta enero de 2020, de todos los pacientes que acudieron al servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial, con lesiones blanquecinas bucales. Las variables utilizadas fueron: edad, sexo, factores de riesgo, tiempo de evolución, sitio de la lesión, diagnóstico histológico y potencial de transformación maligna. Se exploró asociación mediante ji cuadrado. Resultados: Se encontraron lesiones con potencial de transformación maligna en el 24 por ciento de los mayores de 50 años, en el 24,3 por ciento de los hombres y en el 40 por ciento de pacientes con queilitis actínicas. El 83,3 por ciento fueron leucoplasias y entre ellas, el 20 por ciento con potencial de transformación maligna. Conclusiones: La leucoplasia es el diagnóstico histológico más común. Las lesiones con potencial de transformación maligna aumentan con la edad, son mayores en los hombres y en pacientes con queilitis actínicas. Los sitios anatómicos en que más aparecen son: paladar blando y labio superior; entre los factores de riesgo de mayor asociación está la exposición al sol(AU)

Introduction: Potentially malignant whitish oral lesions are a recognizable group of mucosal diseases that precede the appearance of invasive cancers of the oral cavity. Objective: To determine the potential malignant transformation of whitish lesions in the oral cavity. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried, from January 2016 to January 2020, of all patients who attended the Maxillofacial Surgery service with whitish oral lesions. The variables used were: age, sex, risk factors, time of evolution, and site of the lesion, histological diagnosis and potential for malignant transformation. To explore the association between categorical variables, the Chi square distribution was used. Results: Lesions with the potential for malignant transformation were found in 24 percent of those over 50 years of age, in 24,3 percent of men and in 40 percent of patients with actinic cheilitis. 83,3 percent were leukoplakia, and among them 20 percent with the potential for malignant transformation. Conclusions: Leukoplakia was the most common histological diagnosis. Lesions with the potential for malignant transformation increased with age, were greater in men and in actinic cheilitis patients. The anatomical sites in which they appeared most were on the soft palate and upper lip and among the risk factors with the greatest association was sun exposure(AU)

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Introducción: Se han realizado muchas investigaciones sobre los implantes dentales, sin embargo, el área oseointegrable aún es un tema poco tratado en la literatura científica. Objetivo: Diseñar un método para el cálculo del área oseointegrable en la colocación de implantes dentales. Métodos: Las áreas de los implantes se calcularon sobre la base de modelos de implantes de tamaño cuatro veces el real, utilizando las fórmulas conocidas para mantos de cilindro, troncos de cono, círculo (entre otras) y aplicando relaciones lineales para las alturas y para los diámetros al cuadrado (asimilación a teoría de modelos). Se emplearon un calibrador de metales, una lupa y un escalímetro. Los implantes fueron divididos en sectores según su diferente configuración geométrica, la suma de superficies permitió obtener el área total del implante. Las superficies se compararon con el área teórica total de los mismos implantes. Luego se extrapolaron los datos para todos los modelos según sus dimensiones particulares. Resultados: Las áreas obtenidas para implantes tipo tornillo y tipo cónico (diámetro/largo en mm) fueron respectivamente: 3,75/7 = 129 mm2; 3,75/13 = 234 mm2; 3,75/15 = 270 mm2; 4/15 = 306 mm2; 5/7 = 224 mm2 y 3,5/13 = 143 mm2; 4,3/10 = 166 mm2; 4,3/13 = 215 mm2; 4,3/16 = 265 mm2. Conclusiones: La metodología usada en este estudio pareciera ser una buena alternativa para calcular el área final de oseointegración(AU)

Introduction: Many studies have been conducted about dental implants. However, the osseointegration area is a topic not commonly dealt with in the scientific literature. Objective: Design a method to estimate the osseointegration area in the placement of dental implants. Methods: The implant areas were estimated with implant models four times as large as real size, using known formulas for cylinder mantles, cone trunks and circles (among others). Linear relationships were applied for heights and square diameters (assimilation to model theory). Use was made of a metal calibrator, a magnifying glass and a scalimeter. The implants were divided into sectors according to their different geometric configuration. The sum of the surfaces made it possible to obtain the total implant area. The surfaces were compared with the total theoretical area of the same implants. The data were then extrapolated for all the models in keeping with their particular dimensions. Results: The areas obtained for screw and cone implants (diameter / length in mm) were, respectively: 3.75/7 = 129 mm2; 3.75/13 = 234 mm2; 3.75/15 = 270 mm2; 4/15 = 306 mm2; 5/7 = 224 mm2 and 3.5/13 = 143 mm2; 4.3/10 = 166 mm2; 4.3/13 = 215 mm2; 4.3/16 = 265 mm2. Conclusions: The methodology used in the study seems to be a good alternative to estimate the final osseointegration area(AU)

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Introducción: Los primeros informes de China sugirieron que la coinfección con otros patógenos en la COVID-19 era anómala, las últimas evidencias han demostrado que pueden aparecer otras infecciones, sobre todo en pacientes graves. Objetivo: Describir las infecciones bacterianas asociadas a la COVID-19, en pacientes de una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el período comprendido de marzo 24 a mayo 24 del año 2020, en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Militar "Comandante Manuel Fajardo Rivero". La población de estudio estuvo constituida por 13 pacientes de 49 a 91 años, quienes permanecieron hospitalizados en esa sala, con diagnóstico confirmado, por la prueba de reacción en cadena de la transcriptasa inversa - polimerasa en tiempo real, para el SARS-CoV-2. Las variables de estudio fueron: edad, sexo, confección, antecedentes patológicos personales, estado al egreso, microorganismos aislados y susceptibilidad antimicrobiana. Resultados: El 61,5 por ciento de los pacientes fueron del sexo femenino, la edad media fue de 78,8 años, el 61,5 por ciento falleció y entre estos, el 44,4 por ciento presentó coinfección. El 66,7 por ciento y el 55,6 por ciento de los que padecían hipertensión arterial y cardiopatía isquémica respectivamente, desarrollaron una coinfección. La Escherichia coli fue el microorganismo que se aisló con mayor frecuencia. Conclusiones: En la serie estudiada predominaron las féminas, la mortalidad fue alta, se evidenció un porcentaje elevado de confección bacteriana y de comorbilidades. Más de la mitad de los pacientes falleció. Fueron las bacterias gramnegativas los microorganismos que más se aislaron. Los niveles de resistencia a los antimicrobianos fueron elevados(AU)

Introduction: The first reports from China suggested that coinfection with other pathogens in COVID-19 was abnormal, the latest evidence has shown that other infections may appear, especially in severe patients. Objective: To describe the bacterial infections associated with COVID-19, in patients in an intensive care unit. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in the period from March 24 to May 24, 2020, in the intensive care unit of the Military Hospital "Comandante Manuel Fajardo Rivero". The study population consisted of 13 patients from 49 to 91 years, those who remained hospitalized in that room, with a confirmed diagnosis, by the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2. The study variables were: age, sex, clothing, personal pathological history, status at discharge, isolated microorganisms and antimicrobial susceptibility. Results: 61.5 percent of the patients were female, the mean age was 78.8 years, 61.5 percent died, and among these, 44.4 percent had coinfection. 66.7 percent and 55.6 percent of those with high blood pressure and ischemic heart disease, respectively, developed a coinfection. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated microorganism. Conclusions: Females predominated in the series studied, mortality was high, a high percentage of bacterial preparation and comorbidities was evident. More than half of the patients died. Gram-negative bacteria were the microorganisms that were most isolated. Antimicrobial resistance levels were high(AU)

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La cirugía de elevación de seno maxilar se considera como la técnica de aumento óseo más predecible. Sin embargo, no está exenta de complicaciones las cuales deben ser manejadas adecuadamente. Se presenta un caso clínico rehabilitado, con un seguimiento de 3 años, en el cual se realizó un manejo multidisciplinario y resolutivo de complicaciones asociadas a la técnica quirúrgica de elevación de membrana sinusal vía ventana lateral. Frente a una infección postoperatoria, como la presentada en el caso, hay que considerar iniciar un tratamiento antibiótico en el momento adecuado para impedir el agravamiento del cuadro clínico o un cambio de esquema en caso de resistencia antimicrobiana.

Maxillary sinus lift surgery is considered the most predictable bone augmentation technique. However, this procedure is not without complications, which must be handled properly. We present a rehabilitated clinical case, with a 3-year follow-up, in which a multidisciplinary and resolutive management of complications associated with the surgical technique of sinus lift procedure, using lateral window approach, was performed. In case of postoperative infection, such as the one presented in this report, it is necessary to consider starting an antibiotic treatment at the adequate moment to prevent the aggravation of the illness or change the pharmacological treatment in case of antimicrobial resistance.

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BACKGROUND: Imaging the lower extremity reproducibly and accurately remains an elusive goal. This is particularly true in the high risk diabetic foot, where tissue loss, edema, and color changes are often concomitant. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of a novel and inexpensive stereotaxic frame in assessment of wound healing. METHODS: The main idea is to keep constant and reproducible the relative position of extremities related to the sensor used for the examination during a serial studies by stereotaxic digital photographic sequence. Ten healthy volunteers were evaluated at 10 different time moments to estimate the foot position variations in the stereotaxic frame. The evolution of 40 of DFU patients under treatment was evaluated before and during the epidemical grow factor intralesional treatment. RESULTS: The wound closing and granulation speeds, the relative contribution of the contraction and tissue restauration mechanism were evaluated by stereotaxic digital photography. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the stereotaxic frame is a robust platform for serial study of the evolution of wound healing which allow to obtain consistent information from a variety of visible and hyperspectral measurement technologies. New stereotaxic digital photography evidences related to the diabetic foot ulcer healing process under treatment has been presented.

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The potentials of the magnetic resonance (MR) methods in the research of biomedical systems have been demonstrated during the 70 years of its existence. It is presented that the Cuban experience in quantitative magnetic resonance associated with molecular, preclinical and clinical studies of significant diseases and drugs development. MR "in vitro" and "in vivo" studies of sickle cell disease, the diabetic foot ulcer, the brain tumor response and the magnetic nano-particle pharmacokinetics, are presented as example. Furthermore, contributions and restrictions of magnetic resonance to diagnostic and optimization of therapeutic pathways are discussed in some concrete cases.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: tooth decay has become one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, but ironically it is one of the most neglected. Currently, adequate and effective caries treatment is based on early diagnosis and procedures such as sealants, crowns, and root canal treatment. Methods: This study examined the behavior of carious and non-carious areas of critical dental units (premolars and molars) subjecting them to a wavelength of 830 nm in adult humans who agreed to a dental exam and had at least one tooth affected by dental caries. Underage persons and patients in medical treatment were excluded. After finding a behavior that helped differentiate decayed tissue from healthy areas, the used experimental system was characterized and tested in volunteers. The implemented system contains a fiber optic sensor comprised of a trifurcated fiber and a photodetector to perform optical power measurements. Results: This sensor detected 100% of dental caries samples on premolar and molar occlusal surfaces. It also showed the ability to diagnose buccal cavities. Conclusions: The results showed that caries can be identified in dental units by means of a fiber optic sensor and infrared light at 830 nm.

RESUMEN. Introducción: la caries se ha manifestado como una de las enfermedades con mayor prevalencia mundial, pero paradójicamente es una de las más desatendidas. En la actualidad, el tratamiento adecuado y eficaz contra la caries se basa en el diagnóstico temprano y en procedimientos como obturaciones, coronas y tratamiento de conductos. Métodos: esta investigación se centró en examinar el comportamiento de zonas cariadas y no cariadas de piezas dentales vitales (premolares y molares) al someterlas a una longitud de onda de 830 nm en seres humanos mayores de edad que aceptasen una revisión odontológica y que presentaran al menos un caso de caries dental. Fueron excluidos menores de edad y personas bajo tratamientos médicos. Tras encontrar un comportamiento que permitió diferenciar entre zonas cariadas y sanas, se caracterizó el sistema experimental usado y se probó en voluntarios. El sistema implementado se basa en un sensor de fibra óptica compuesto por una fibra trifurcada y un fotodetector para realizar mediciones de potencia óptica. Resultados: este sensor detectó el 100% de las muestras de caries dental en superficies oclusales de premolares y molares. Asimismo, exhibió indicios de la capacidad de diagnosticar caries vestibulares. Conclusiones: los resultados mostraron que se puede establecer la presencia de caries en piezas dentales mediante la implementación de un sensor de fibra óptica y luz infrarroja de 830 nm.

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The effect of 2,6-bis-(1-hydroxy-1,1-diphenyl-methyl) pyridine (BDPHP) in the preparation of NiMoP/γ-Al2O3 catalysts have been investigated in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of straight-run gas oil. The γ-Al2O3 support was modified by surface impregnation of a solution of BDPHP to afford BDPHP/Ni molar ratios (0.5 and 1.0) in the final composition. The highest activity for NiMoP materials was found when the molar ratio of BDPHP/Ni was of 0.5. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that NiMoP (0.5) showed better dispersion of MoO3 than the NiMoP (1.0). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results indicated that the organic additive interacts with the γ-Al2O3 surface and therefore discards the presence of Mo or Ni complexes. Raman spectroscopy suggested a high Raman ratio for the NiMoP (0.5) sample. The increment of the Mo=O species is related to a major availability of Mo species in the formation of MoS2. The temperature programmed reduction (TPR) results showed that the NiMoP (0.5) displayed moderate metal-support interaction. Likewise, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) exhibited higher sulfurization degree for NiMoP (0.5) compared with NiMoP (1.0). The increment of the MoO3 dispersion, the moderate metal-support interaction, the increase of sulfurization degree and the increment of Mo=O species provoked by the BDPHP incorporation resulted in a higher gas oil HDS activity.

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El hepatocarcinoma fibrolamelar, es un tumor de ocurrencia esporádica, que se desarrolla sobre la base de un hígado sano, en ausencia de hepatitis viral, alteraciones metabólicas o algún tipode condición inflamatoria en el hígado. Alcanza una supervivencia de hasta un 70% en 5 años en sujetos sometidos a cirugía con márgenes libres de enfermedad y en aquellos en estadios iniciales.Caso clínico: Paciente masculino de 14 años de edad, con clínica de ictericia y aumento de volumen en hipocondrio derecho, estudios de imagen demuestran lesión tumoral de 16 cm que ocupa los segmentos 1,5,6,7, con trombosis tumoral en porta derecha y tronco principal, marcada dilatación de vías biliares. Se practica hepatectomía derecha extendida al lóbulo caudado, con reconstrucción vascular de la vena porta (resección y anastomosis termino-terminal entre el tronco principal y la porta izquierda), resección en bloque de la vía biliar con reconstrucción biliar tipo colangioyeyuno anastomosis al hepático izquierdo. Tiempo quirúrgico 390 minutos, pérdidas sanguíneas estimadas en 1800 ml, estancia en terapia intensiva de 7 días, complicación grado III-A deClavien por colección subdiafragmática y derrame pleural derecho,estancia hospitalaria de 21 días. Resultado histopatológico: hepatocarcinoma fibrolamelar, márgenes de resección libres, trombosis tumoral en vena porta, infiltración tumoral simulando trombosis tumoral en la vía biliar principal y hepático derecho, márgenes de vía biliar libres de enfermedad neoplásica, ausencia de metástasis ganglionar. Recibió adyuvancia con gemcitabina y oxaloplatino (6 ciclos), actualmente 16 meses de seguimiento libre de enfermedad con vida sana(AU)

The fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma it is a rare liver tumor,who growth in normal liver parenquima, in absent of viral hepatitis,metabolic liver disorders or any inflammatory condition, the long term survival can reach up to 70% in 5 years.Clinic case: A 14 years old male, with ictericia, abdominal growth circumference, the US and Abdominal CT revealed: 16cm liver tumor in segments 1,5,6,7, with tumoral thrombus in right portalve in and main trunk, and intrahepatic biliary dilatation. Surgical treatment: Extended right hepatectomy to segment 1, with vascular and biliary reconstruction (resection and anastomosis of portal vein). Operative time: 390 minutes, blood looses 1800 ml, ICU 7 days, total hospital stay 21 days, Clavien III-A complications(abdominal abscess and pleural effusion). Pathological results: Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, free margin. Adjuvant therapy based on gemcitabine and oxaloplatin (6 cylcles), actually he is 16 months of follow up, disease free and with a normal life(AU)

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En el síndrome de intestino corto-insuficiencia intestinal, uno de los principales factores pronóstico, es la longitud intestinal residual, por lo que estrategias quirúrgicas que permitan aumentar la longitud cobran relevar importancia en el proceso de adaptación y eventual autonomía intestinal.Caso clínico: Paciente femenina, portadora de enfermedad de Crohn, con antecedentes de resección masiva de intestino por cuadro hemorrágico, se evidencia en el estudio radiológico moderada dilatación de asas delgadas, por lo que se practica cirugía de elongación intestinal tipo STEP, pudiendo aumentar la longitud intestinal de 32cm a 54cm. Resultados:Tiempo operatorio 270 min, período de seguimiento 10 meses, recuperación nutricional de 14,48 IMC a 22,5 IMC,con un esquema nutricional actual de 3 veces a la semana de 12 horas de administración(AU)

In the short bowel syndrome-intestinal failure, one of the most important key factors is the intestinal measure, so the surgical strategy searching to improve intestinal length is very important in order to facilitate the intestinal adaptation process. Clinic presentation: Female patient, with Crohn disease, previou surgery: massive intestinal resection due to hemorrhage. On intestinal X ray was observed mild dilated jejunum. It was performed intestinal lengthening surgery (STEP procedure). Intestinal length previous surgery 32cm, after procedure 54cm. Results: Operative time 27 min, follow up 10 months, nutritional recover IMC 14,48 to 22,5 Kg/m2 , nutritional therapy: 3 days/week TPN(AU)

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Introducción: el virus de la hepatitis C afecta a cerca de 170 millones de personas en el mundo. La organización mundial de la salud (OMS) estima una prevalencia mundial del 2%. La respuesta global al tratamiento en la era de la terapia dual para genotipo 1 es del orden de 40%. En Colombia hay datos limitados que confirmen un comportamiento similar y que describan las características clínicas de los pacientes con esta infección. Metodología: se revisaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de hepatitis C crónica que asistieron a consulta externa del servicio de Hepatología en la Clínica Universitaria Colombia y de la consulta externa del servicio de Hepatología de uno de los autores durante el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de enero del 2010 y el 30 de mayo de 2013, se describen las características clínicas, serológicas y de respuesta al tratamiento. Resultados: se evaluaron las historias clínicas de 163 pacientes, 62% mujeres y 38% hombres, con una edad promedio de 58,2 años. El principal factor de riesgo para la adquisición de la hepatitis C fue historia de transfusiones antes de 1992 en 62% de los pacientes. La decisión de iniciar tratamiento se tomó en 77 pacientes (47,2%) y en 86 (52,8%) no se inició por diferentes razones dentro de las cuales la edad avanzada y cirrosis avanzada suman más de 50%; otras razones para no iniciar el tratamiento fueron: enfermedad mínima (4,7%), enfermedad mínima más edad avanzada (10,5%), curación espontánea (14%), poca probabilidad de respuesta (3,3%) y otras (14%). De 62 pacientes de los que se contaba con información acerca de tratamientos previos o tratados recientemente 30,6% presentaron respuesta viral sostenida (RVS), 29,0% fueron clasificados como reincidentes o relapser, 8,1% como respondedores parciales, 19,4% no tuvieron respuesta y 12,9% suspendieron el tratamiento por intolerancia. Conclusiones: el antecedente más frecuente para la adquisición del VHC en el grupo de pacientes estudiado fue la historia de transfusiones antes de 1992 asociada con cirugía ginecológica. Cerca de la mitad de los pacientes se diagnostican tardíamente. Se muestra una mayor tendencia al tratamiento de la hepatitis con tasas de RVS similares a las encontradas en otras series. Este estudio abre puertas a la realización de otros que permitan definir de forma más amplia la prevalencia, factores de riesgo y variables de respuesta al tratamiento de esta entidad en nuestro país.

Introduction: Hepatitis C affects about 170 million people worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated global prevalence at 2%. Overall, about 40% of patients respond to dual therapy treatment for genotype. In Colombia data available for confirm a similar pattern and for describing the clinical characteristics of patients with this infection are scarce. Methods: Medical records of patients in the Hepatology outpatient service at the Clínica Universitaria Colombia who had been diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C by one of the authors between January 1, 2010 and May 30, 2013 were retrospectively reviewed for clinical characteristics, serological characteristics and treatment responses. Results: The medical records of 163 patients were evaluated: 62% were female, 38% were male, and their mean age was 58.2 years. The main risk factor for acquiring hepatitis C was a history of transfusions before 1992. This factor was present in 62% of the patients. The decision to start treatment was made for 77 patients (47.2%), but 86 patients (52.8%) did not start treatment. Reasons included advanced age and advanced cirrhosis which together accounted for more than 50% of these patients. Other reasons for not starting treatment were minimal disease (4.7%), minimal sign of disease plus advanced age (10.5%), spontaneous healing (14%), low probability of response (3.3%) and others (14%). Of the 62 patients for whom information about previous or recent treatments was available, 30.6% had sustained virological responses (SVR), 29.0% were classified as relapsers, 8.1% as partial responders, 19.4% had no response, and 12.9% discontinued treatment because of intolerance. Conclusions: The most frequent antecedent of HCV in the group of patients studied a history of transfusions associated with gynecological surgery before 1992. About half of the patients were diagnosed late. Hepatitis was more likely to have been treated in these patients than in patients in other studies, but the SVR rate was similar to those found in other series. This study opens doors to the realization of other studies to more broadly define the prevalence, risk factors and treatment response variables of this entity in our country.

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Introducción: La enfermedad hepática grasa no alcohólica, o hígado graso (NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) es una de las principales causas de enfermedad hepática a nivel mundial, con una prevalencia aproximada del 30% en adultos. En nuestro medio no se conocen las características clínicas de estos pacientes. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, con revisión de historias clínicas de 266 pacientes con diagnóstico de hígado graso, de la consulta externa de hepatología, de Clínica Universitaria Colombia, desde el 1 de enero de 2009 hasta el 31 de mayo de 2013, describiendo las características clínicas. Resultados: De los 266 pacientes incluidos en el estudio, 52,3% eran hombres y 47,7% mujeres, la edad promedio de diagnóstico fue de 51,6 años. El antecedente de importancia encontrado con mayor frecuencia fue la dislipidemia, la cual se presentó en 113 pacientes (42,5%); 127 (47,8%) pacientes presentaron esteatohepatitis no alcohólica (NASH, del inglés nonalcoholic steatohepatitis), 108 (40,6%) esteatosis simple y 31 (11,6%) cirrosis; estos últimos se clasificaron de acuerdo a la escala de CHILD, encontrando: 22 (70,9%) clasificados como A, 8 (25,8%) como B y 1 (3,2%) como C. La biopsia hepática se realizó en 31 pacientes (11,6%). Conclusiones: En los pacientes con hígado graso se identificaron, frecuentemente, elementos del síndrome metabólico, siendo el principal, la dislipidemia. La mayoría se encuentran en estadios iniciales de la enfermedad, con un bajo porcentaje de pacientes cirróticos, lo cual podría sugerir una evolución más lenta de la enfermedad en nuestro medio, hipótesis que debe ser validada en otros estudios.

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), or simply fatty liver, is a major cause of hepatic disease worldwide: its prevalence is approximately 30% in adults. In our environment the clinical characteristics of these patients are not known. Methodology: This was a descriptive and retrospective review of medical records from January 1, 2009 to May 31, 2013 of 266 patients diagnosed with fatty liver disease in the hepatology outpatient service at the Clínica Universitaria Colombia. Results: Of the 266 patients included in this study, 52.3 % were men and 47.7 % were women. The mean age at diagnosis was 51.6 years. The most frequently found antecedent of importance to the development of NAFLD was dyslipidemia which was found in 113 patients (42.5 %). 127 (47.8%) patients had nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and 108 (40.6%) had simple steatosis. Thirty-one patients (11.6%) had cirrhosis which was classified according to CHILD scale: 22 (70.9%) were classified as A, 8 (25.8%) were classified as B, and one (3.2 %) was classified as C. Liver biopsies were taken from 31 patients (11.6%). Conclusions: Elements of metabolic syndrome, especially dyslipidemia, are often identified in our patients with FLD. Since most of these patients are in early stages of the disease with a low percentage of cirrhotic patients, it may be that the disease progresses more slowly in our environment than elsewhere. This is a hypothesis that should be validated in other studies.

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El glaucoma es una enfermedad ocular que constituye un problema de salud por su gravedad y frecuencia, pues ocupa el segundo lugar como causa de ceguera irreversible en el mundo y el primero en Cuba. Muchas de sus formas clínicas son asintomáticas, de manera que el nervio óptico va deteriorándose con lentitud y hace que los pacientes acudan al oftalmólogo en estadios avanzados del proceso morboso. La neuropatía glaucomatosa limita sustancialmente las capacidades de los enfermos para actuar y disfrutar plenamente de la vida, a lo cual se suma que su repercusión socioeconómica es enorme, por lo que hoy representa una prioridad médica en numerosos países.

Glaucoma is an ocular disease which constitutes a health problem due to its severity and frequency, because it occupies the second place as cause of irreversible blindness in the world and the first cause in Cuba. Many of its clinical ways are asymptomatic, so that the optic nerve deteriorates slowly and make patients to go to the ophthalmologist in advanced stages of the morbid process. The glaucomatous neuropathy limits considerably the capacities of the sick persons to act and to enjoy the life fully, to what it is added that its socioeconomic repercussion is enormous, so that today it represents a medical priority in numerous countries.

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Usualmente cuando un procedimiento laparoscópico es realizado, los pasos utilizados en la cirugía abierta son adaptados o modificados con la intención de hacerlo factible desde el punto de vista laparoscópico, la presentación de esta técnica quirúrgica demuestra la situación inversa. La disección de manera inicial del proceso uncinado pudiera permitir una mejor exposición de los vasos mesentéricos superiores y dirigir una correcta disección linfática y neurovascular del tejido conocido como mesopáncreas, con el propósito de obtener un mayor porcentaje de resecciones R0. Es así como se expone la técnica quirúrgica utilizada en un caso clínico(AU)

When a laparoscopic procedure is done, the surgical steps are adapted from open surgery in order to make it feasible, in this case presentation it shows the inverse situation. The dissection of the uncinate process and the neurovascular tissue known as mesopancreas, at the first steps in surgery could achieve better results for negative margins. The paper ilustrate the surgical technique performed in a clinical case presentation(AU)

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