RESUMO
We show that, in strongly chaotic dynamical systems, the average particle velocity can be calculated analytically by consideration of Brownian dynamics in a phase space, the method of images, and the use of the classical diffusion equation. The method is demonstrated on the simplified Fermi-Ulam accelerator model, which has a mixed phase space with chaotic seas, invariant tori, and Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser islands. The calculated average velocities agree well with numerical simulations and with an earlier empirical theory.
RESUMO
In this work we investigate how the behavior of the Shannon entropy can be used to measure the diffusion exponent of a set of initial conditions in two systems: (i) standard map and (ii) the oval billiard. We are interested in the diffusion near the main island in the phase space, where stickiness is observed. We calculate the diffusion exponent for many values of the nonlinear parameter of the standard map where the size and shape of the main island change as the parameter varies. We show that the changes of behavior in the diffusion exponent are related with the changes in the area of the main island and show that when the area of the main island is abruptly reduced, due to the destruction of invariant tori and, consequently, creation of hyperbolic and elliptic fixed points, the diffusion exponent grows.