RESUMO

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most deadly cancer globally. The adducin 1 (ADD1) protein is involved in oncogenic signal transduction pathways in several types of cancer, and the rs4961 variant (c.1378 G>T, p.Gly460Trp) of the ADD1 gene is associated with salt-sensitive hypertension, renal cell cancer and breast cancer susceptibility; however, it has not been investigated in GC. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between the rs4961 variant and the development of GC and preneoplastic gastric lesions (PGLs) in a population from western Mexico. A total of 225 individuals who underwent an endoscopy were evaluated, of which 71 patients had histopathologically diagnosed GC and 53 patients had PGLs, with 101 patients used as controls. The rs4961 variant was genotyped by using PCR and DNA sequencing. The frequency of the mutated homozygous genotype (TT) of the rs4961 variant was <10% in the three evaluated groups, and the frequency of the minor allele (T) was <21% in the GC, PGL and control groups. Genotypic and allelic frequencies were similarly distributed in all of the studied groups (P>0.05). In summary, in the study population, the rs4961 variant was not associated with GC risk; however, its role in other populations and in other types of cancer is worthy of future research.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: LIPA, situated on chromosome 10q23.2-q23.3, encodes the enzyme lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) (EC 3.1.1.13). Genetic alterations in LIPA lead to lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LALD), an inborn error causing lipid metabolism anomalies and impairing cholesterol and triacylglyceride degradation. Over 40 LIPA variants have been documented, yet this study focuses on just two. The rs1051338 variant (NM_000235:c.46A>C) affects the signal peptide in Exon 2, whereas rs116928232, located in Exon 8, alters the splice site (NM_000235:c.894G>A), impacting lysosomal acid lipase activity. Considering the diverse clinical manifestations of LALD and the rising hepatic steatosis prevalence in Mexican population, mainly due to diet, these variants were investigated within this demographic to uncover potential contributing factors. This study aimed to reveal the frequency of rs1051338 and rs116928232 among healthy mestizo individuals in Northwest Mexico, marking a significant genetic exploration in this demographic. METHODS: Three hundred ten healthy mestizo individuals underwent PCR-RFLP analysis for both variants, and Sanger sequencing was performed for variant rs116928232. Bioinformatic analysis was also performed to predict protein changes. RESULTS: Allele frequencies for rs1051338 (FA = 0.39, p value = 0.15) and rs116928232 (FA = 0.0016, p value = 0.49) aligned with reported data, while bioinformatic analysis allowed us to identify the protein alteration observed in both variants; finally, the variants showed no linkage between them (normalized D' = 1.03, p value = 0.56). CONCLUSIONS: Allelic frequencies closely matched reported data, and protein structure analysis confirmed variant impacts on LAL enzyme function. Notably, this study marks the first analysis of rs1051338 and rs116928232 in a healthy Mexican mestizo population.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To identify the TMPRSS6 gene variants in Mexican patients with iron treatment refractoriness, to describe hematological and iron profile parameters, and to use bioinformatic prediction and protein modeling tools to assess a possible biological impact for the detected missense variants. METHODS: Nineteen patients referred with iron treatment refractoriness were studied. Peripheral blood was collected to determine hematic cytometry, iron profile, hemoglobin electrophoresis, and quantification. Molecular screening was carried out for exons 15 through 18 of the TMPRSS6 gene by Sanger sequencing and for frequent thalassemia variants by amplification-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gap-PCR. The biological impact of the detected missense variants was assessed using bioinformatic prediction and protein modeling tools. RESULTS: We found 5 genetic variants in the matriptase-2 catalytic domain: 1 at intron-15/exon-16 junction (rs60484081) and 4 exonic, 3 missense (rs377054987, p.Gly626Asp; rs1384127820, p.Ser672Thr; rs855791, p.Val727Ala) and 1 synonymous (rs2235321, p.Tyr730=), with frequencies ranging from 0.18 to 0.53. No significant differences were observed in the hematological parameters or iron profile, considering type and number of variants. Bioinformatic predictions suggested a possible biological impact only for rs377054987. CONCLUSIONS: The TMPRSS6 variants observed in Mexican patients with oral iron treatment refractoriness have high frequencies; nevertheless, their relationship with hematological and iron profile parameters needs further research. The possible biological impact for rs377054987 is due to size and amino acid hydrophobicity changes and hydrogen bond modifications.

RESUMO

Various works of research into violence in relationships between young couples refer to a lack of perception of some behavior patterns such as abuse. This means that the relationship has the potential risk of developing into one of victimization should it last into adulthood. Although it has been shown that this phenomenon may occur in any sector of the population, the interest of our study rests upon determining the prevalence of the perception of violent behavior patterns in relationships between adolescent and young adult couples. We also aim to analyze the differences obtained with respect to the characteristics of the aggressors in the young Afro-Colombian population of Quibdó, Colombia. The participants in the study consisted of 540 young Afro-Colombians of both sexes between 15 and 27 years of age. The instrument used was the reduced version of the Dating Violence Questionnaire. The results show a high level of victimization through violent behavior on the part of the partner, in great measure exercised by generalist aggressors. However, a small proportion could be perceived as abuse. The implications and possible means of intervention are discussed.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Mental health problems among undergraduates are a significant public health concern. Most studies exploring mental health in this population during the pandemic have been conducted in high-income countries. Fewer studies come from Latin American countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and suicide risk, and explore the association with several relevant variables in personal, family, university, and SARS-CoV-2 pandemic domains. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chile in a medium-size private University. Outcome variables were explored with valid instruments: Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). Independent variables from personal (e.g., sex, age, sexual orientation, history of mental health problems, substance use), family (e.g., parental educational background, family history of mental health problems, family functioning), university (e.g., course year, financial support, psychological sense of university belonging, history of failing subjects) and SARS-CoV-2 domains (e.g., history of personal and family contagion, fear of contracting SARS-CoV-2, frequency of physical activity, keeping routines and social contact). Multivariable logistic regression models were conducted for each outcome, after univariable and domain-specific multivariable models. The significant variable at each step was selected if the p-value was ≤ 0.05. Results: A total of 5,037 students answered the survey-the global response rate of 63.5%. Most of the students were females (70.4%) and freshmen students (25.2%). The prevalence of mental health problems was high: depression (37.1%), anxiety (37.9%), and stress (54.6%). Insomnia was reported in 32.5% of students, and suicide risk in 20.4% of students. The associated variables at personal domain were history of mental health problems, substance use, and sexual orientation; at family domain, family functioning and family history of mental health problems; at university domain, violence victimization and sense of belonging; and in SARS-CoV-2 domain, having a daily routine and fear to contracting SARS-CoV-2 by students themselves or others. Conclusions: The prevalence of mental health problems is high among undergraduate students and some of the associated factors, such as victimization and a sense of belonging can be used in preventive interventions.

RESUMO

Introduction: Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a common hereditary hemolytic anemia characterized by chronic hemolysis, increased indirect serum bilirubin, the presence of reticulocytes and spherocytes in blood smears, and great heterogeneity at the clinical, biochemical, and molecular levels. The molecular pathology of HS includes genetic variants at five genes: ANK1, EPB42, SLC4A1, SPTA1, and SPTB. Alpha spectrin (SPTA1) deficiency is the second leading cause of HS in Mexican patients. Aim: To assess the effects of five SPTA1 variants on the hematological phenotype of Mexican patients with HS. Materials and Methods: This study included a retrospective cohort of 227 biologically unrelated patients with HS. Variants c.4339-99C>T and c.6531-12C>T in SPTA1 were identified by the amplification-refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR), and variants c.5572C>T, c.5992C>G, and c.6794T>C were identified by quantitive Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) allelic discrimination. Risk tests were performed for each variant with respect to HS clinical severity. Results: The SPTA1 c.5992C>G variant showed association with moderately severe HS (p = 0.006, odds ratio = 5.67, confidence interval95% = 1.6-19.9); the risk increased when the variant was in compound heterozygosity with αLELY and c.6794T>C. Lower hematological levels were observed in simple αLely (c.5572C>T and c.6531-12C>T), and c.5992C>G heterozygotes (red blood cell [RBC] p = 0.028 and 0.010; hemoglobin [Hb] p = 0.030 and 0.002; packed cell volume [PCV] p = 0.034 and 0.002 respectively), and in c.5992C>G+c.6794T>C compound heterozygotes (RBC p = 0.043; Hb p = 0.033; PCV p = 0.043). Additional genetic traits were observed: 15% had HS+Gilbert syndrome and 13% HS+thalassemia. Conclusion: Although most of the studied variants are considered benign, we observed significant associations with phenotypic severity. Therefore, we recommend the inclusion of these variants in molecular screening for HS.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introduction: Attitudes toward abortion are related to structural, cultural, and direct gender-based violence. This violence can affect women's mental, physical and reproductive health. Therefore, it is essential to know the nature of community attitudes toward abortion. Since we currently do not have an instrument that measures attitudes towards abortion in Chile, we set the objective of this study to design the Community Attitude to Abortion Scale (CAAS) and analyze its psychometric properties in a Chilean community population. Methods: This work is an instrumental design study. Using a sampling of panelists by sociodemographic quotas, we obtained a sample of 1,223 participants with a mean age of 36.7 years (SD = 13.56). Results: As a result, we obtained a scale of 18 items and two correlated factors, Autonomy and Stigma. This structure fits better as an Exploratory Structural Equations Model (ESEM). Both factors have excellent internal consistency. In addition, we obtained evidence of concurrent and discriminant validity: The scores on the factors of the Universal Religious Involvement Scale (I-E12) correlated negatively with Autonomy and positively with Stigma; participants with low levels of identification with a right-wing political orientation, with high levels of identification with a leftwing, pro-feminist, pro-LGBTQ +, and pro-euthanasia political orientation, obtained higher mean scores on Autonomy and lower on Stigma. Discussion: The CAAS is an adequate tool for use with the Chilean community population, with evidence of consistency and validity. La CAAS is the first tool to measure attitudes to abortion in this country.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis (HS), and alpha thalassemia (α-thal) are frequent erythrocyte pathologies with different geographic distributions worldwide. Our aim is to report hematological and molecular findings of G6PD deficient Mexican patients in coinheritance with suggestive hereditary spherocytosis (sHS) and α-thal. METHODS: We studied 78 G6PD deficiency patients. Hematological parameters, acidified glycerol lysis test, erythrocyte morphology, electrophoresis, and hemoglobin quantification were obtained. G6PD and HBA2/HBA1 variants were identified using ARMS-PCR, Gap-PCR, or Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: Nine G6PD variants were identified; A-202A/376G , A-376G/968C , and A+376G as the most frequent. G6PD Santiago de Cuba1339A and Kamiube1387T were detected in Mexicans for first time. Hematological analysis revealed additional erythrocyte pathologies in 52 patients, 32 with positive osmotic fragility test and spherocytes in blood smear (suggestive hereditary spherocytosis, sHS), 12 with microcytosis and 8 with all three defects who had the most severe phenotype, with significantly lower hematological parameters (Hb, PCV, MCV, and MCH). α-thal variants (αHph α, α-59C>T α and -α3.7 ) were observed in 65% of patients with microcytosis. CONCLUSION: Additional erythrocyte defects were observed in 69.3% of G6PD deficiency patients. We stress the importance of searching for the presence of additional erythrocyte hereditary diseases in patients with G6PD deficiency.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The study of intimate partner violence (IPV) has evolved into more complex and integrative models to better understand the explanatory mechanisms of IPV perpetration. Nevertheless, integrative models rarely permit an in-depth analysis of a large number of relevant variables, and more specific approximations are required as basis of them. In this sense, the individual approach is the most productive research line. From the individual perspective and using data from imprisoned male offenders, the present study aimed to analyze the potential mediating role of alcohol dependence in the association of Cluster B personality traits and psychological IPV. The sample included 196 male inmates of the Penitentiary Center of Villabona (Asturias, Spain). Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothetical and alternative models. First, model results only showed an indirect effect of antisocial and borderline personalities mediated by alcohol dependence. Nevertheless, fitting of the model to the data was poor. Second, a fully saturated model was calculated, revealing a direct effect of histrionic personality on psychological IPV. Finally, an alternative model was tested adding to first model the direct effect of histrionic personality on psychological IPV. The fitting of the alternative model to the data was good. Antisocial and borderline personalities predicted psychological IPV when mediated by alcohol dependence, while histrionic personality had a direct effect on psychological IPV. Narcissistic personality did not affect psychological IPV. These results support the hypothesis regarding the use of alcohol as a coping mechanism in antisocial and borderline individuals, acting as a disinhibitory factor which increases the likelihood of psychological IPV occurrence. Contrary to previous research, a clear direct effect of histrionic personality and psychological IPV was obtained. This association can be explained by the necessity of attention of histrionic individuals and the type (psychological) of violence studied.

Assuntos

RESUMO

RESUMEN El presente artículo tiene como finalidad analizar y plantear posibles soluciones desde un enfoque holístico para la prevención del suicidio en la comunidad médica, puesto que, es una realidad social que debe ser atendida ya que se encuentra en crecimiento, siendo los profesionales de la salud los que presentan una mayor tasa de suicidio frente a otras profesiones. Por consiguiente, se indaga acerca de los principales factores de riesgo desde el ámbito psicosocial y se cuestiona la forma en cómo se da la formación de los ^ profesionales de la Ciencia de la Salud, ya que se considera que este responde a exigencias sociales y económicas del sector de la salud, pero deja olvidada las condiciones laborales, sociales y psicológicas de los prestadores de salud. En este orden de ideas y reconociendo el escenario globalizado en el que la sociedad está inmersa, es relevante propender por la indagación directa del origen del estrés en el ámbito laboral, analizar las condiciones laborales y los riesgos implícitos a los que se encuentra expuesto el médico dentro de la organización, para poder así brindar herramientas oportunas y preventivas en torno a la disminución de las tasas de suicidios.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to analyze and propose possible solutions from a holistic approach for the prevention of suicide in the medical community, since it is a social reality that must be addressed since it is growing, with health professionals being the that present a higher suicide rate compared to other professions. Consequently the main risk factors are investigated from the psychosocial field and the way in which the training of Health Science professionals is given is questioned, since it is considered that this responds to social and economic demands of the health sector, but neglects the working, social and psychological conditions of health providers. In this order of ideas and recognizing the globalized scenario in which society is immersed, it is relevant to tend to directly investigate the origin of stress in the workplace, analyze working conditions and the implicit risks to which the doctor is exposed within the organization, in order to provide timely and preventive t°°ls around the decrease in suicide rates.

RESUMO O objetivo do artigo é analisar e propor possíveis soluções a partir de uma abordagem holística para a prevenção do suicídio na comunidade médica, visto que se trata de uma realidade social que deve ser abordada porque está em crescimento, sendo os profissionais de saúde quem têm uma taxa de suicídio mais elevada em comparação com outras profissões. Os principais fatores de risco são investigados a partir do campo psicossocial e questiona-se a forma como se dá a formação dos profissionais das Ciências da Saúde, por considerar-se que esta responde às demandas sociais e econômicas do setor saúde, mas deixa esquecidas as condições laborais, sociais e psicológicas dos prestadores deste setor Reconhecendo o cenário globalizado em que a sociedade está imersa, é relevante investigar diretamente a origem do estresse no ambiente de trabalho, analisar as condições de trabalho e os riscos implícitos a que o médico está exposto dentro da organização, a fim de assim, fornecer ferramentas oportunas e preventivas em torno da redução das taxas de suicídio.

RESUMO

Introduction: Alpha- and beta-thalassemia are caused by reduced or absent synthesis of hemoglobin (Hb) subunits α and/or ß. HBA2, HBA1, and HBB mutations are the main cause of thalassemias. The aim of this article is to analyze molecular and hematological features of α- and ß-thal in a cohort of Mexican patients. Methods: One hundred forty-one thalassemia patients were studied. Peripheral blood was collected for blood cell count, electrophoresis, Hb quantification, and molecular testing. Molecular screening was performed by Gap-PCR, ARMS-PCR, Sanger sequencing, and MLPA. Results: Fifty-four patients had α-thal, 75 ß-thal, and 12 patients were complex cases, we observed 13 α- and 18 ß-thal alleles in 43 genotypes, -α3.7/αα and ßCd39C>T/ß were the most frequent. Four α-thal deletions (-Mex4 included HBA2 and HBA1, whereas (αα)Mex5, Mex6 and Mex7 involved MCS-R), a hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin-2 like (HPFH-2 like) deletion and six alleles not previously reported in Mexicans (α-59C>Tα, -α4.2, αPlasenciaα, ß-32C>T, ßInitCdA>C and ßFSCd71/72+A) were identified. Conclusion: The observed alleles denote the high heterogeneity and multiple origin admixture of Mexican population. Hematological data are consistent with genotypes, variability in simple carriers, from asymptomatic forms to mild or moderate anemia, was ascertained. We emphasize the importance to consider hematological parameters to establish adequate molecular screening strategies.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Major depression is one of the most prevalent mental health problems in the penitentiary context and has been related to different undesirable outcomes. The aim of the current research was to evaluate the utility of screening tools for major depression brief assessment in the jail context. We interviewed 203 male inmates and complimented the MCMI-III, the SCL-90-R, and the CES-D-7 self-informed scales. Major depression syndrome and disorder were determined based on MCMI-III criteria and the capability of SCL-90-R and CES-D-7 to identify true positives and true negatives when tested. SCL-90-R and CES-D-7 showed good sensitivity for major depression syndrome and disorder. The specificity of SCL-90-R was poor in all cases, but CES-D-7 showed good specificity depending on the cut-off score. Rigorous interviews are needed for better evaluation of major depression in jails, but screening tools like CES-D-7 are useful for rapid assessment considering the work overload of penitentiary psychologists.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In Ibero-America, interest in the evaluation and prevention of violence in young couples has been increasing. However, there are not enough Spanish-speaking standardized questionnaires. The psychometric analyses of the Checklist of Experiences of Psychological Abuse to the Couple (CEPA) are presented as a subset of the Checklist of Experiences of Abuse to the Couple. Overall, 1,505 adolescents participated; 828 were women, and 677 were men, aged 14 to 21 years old. A confirmatory factor analysis with the Structural Equation Modeling Software version 6.2 (EQS) was performed to consider different factor models that were consistent with theoretical and empirical aspects about violence in young couples. A structure was obtained with one factor of higher order, "Psychological Aggression" (14 items), and the following three primary factors: (a) "Coercion" (four items), (b) "Humiliation" (five items), and (c) "Control" (five items); Cronbach's alpha ranged from .71 to .83. The overall scale and the three subscales correlated significantly with each other and with negative personality traits associated with gender. The results indicate that the scale has adequate psychometric properties for use in clinical practice and research.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this research was to study victimization and aggression in adolescent and young couple relationships, as well as to identify the directionality of violence perpetration in a sample of 984 people between 15 and 31 years of age, of which 58.2% were women and 41.8% were men. Regarding the educational level of the population under study, 26% were students of junior high school, senior high school, or vocational training and 56.5% were college students. The research design followed the nonprobability purposive sampling method and used the DVQ-R questionnaire. The results suggest that violence is 65.2% bidirectional and 14.30% unidirectional, being bidirectionality more frequent in psychological violence and decreasing when physical violence occurs. The results reveal the need to integrate the different modalities of dating violence (unidirectional and bidirectional) and unperceived violence -that gives rise to technical abuse- into the different prevention programs addressed to adolescents and youth.

El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido estudiar la victimización y la agresión en las relaciones de parejas adolescentes y jóvenes, así como comprobar la direccionalidad de la violencia perpetrada a través del estudio de 984 personas. Las edades están comprendidas entre los 15 y los 31 años de edad. En cuanto a la distribución de los sexos, el 58.2% son mujeres y el 41.8% restante hombres. Respecto al nivel educativo de la muestra, el 56.5% son universitarios y el 26% tienen estudios secundarios, bachillerato o formación profesional. El diseño de la investigación ha sido de tipo no probabilístico intencional. Se utilizó el Cuestionario Cuvino-R (Rodríguez-Díaz et al., 2017). Los resultados indican que la violencia se muestra bidireccional en un 65,2% y unidireccional en un 14,30%, siendo la bidireccionalidad más frecuente en la violencia psicológica, y disminuyendo cuando se agrava la conducta con violencia física. Con base en estos resultados, se debería discutir la necesidad de integrar las diferentes modalidades de violencia en la relación (Unidireccional o Bidireccional) y la violencia no percibida que da lugar al maltrato técnico en los diferentes campos de la prevención con adolescentes y jóvenes.

RESUMO

Resumen El síndrome deBurnouttiene un largo recorrido histórico en el ámbito público de los profesionales dedicados al cuidado de ancianos. En este estudio pretendemos conocer la influencia de diversas variables sociodemográficas sobre el desgaste laboral en profesionales de residencias públicas. La muestra está constituida por 136 trabajadores de ambos géneros y con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 60 años, que desempeñan labores de atención directa y gestión psicosocial. Los instrumentos aplicados han sido el Inventario deburnoutde Maslach & Jackson (1986), y el Cuestionario de Salud General (GHQ-28), de Goldberg & Hillier (1979). Nuestros resultados refieren la existencia de diferencias por sexo (en el cansancio emocional, así como en elburnouten general) y por tiempo de antigüedad en la profesión (concretamente en realización personal y enburnouten general). Estos resultados van a reforzar la necesidad de potenciar la resiliencia de los equipos interdisciplinares de profesionales orientados a proteger la salud de las personas trabajadoras en materia de prevención de riesgos laborales.

Abstract Burnout syndrome has had a long history in the public arena of professionals dedicated to the care of the elderly. In this study, we aim to understand the influence of various socio-demographic variables on work-related wear of professionals in public residences. The sample consists of 136 workers of both genders, aged between 18 and 60, who carry out direct care and psychosocial management tasks. The instruments applied were the burnout inventory by Maslach & Jackson (1986), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) by Goldberg & Hillier (1979). Our results point to the existence of differences by sex in emotional fatigue as well as in burnout in general; and by work seniority (specifically, in personal fulfillment; and in burnout in general). These results will reinforce the need to strengthen the resilience of interdisciplinary professional teams aimed at protecting the health of working people in terms of occupational risk prevention.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Beta thalassemia (ß-thal) is a frequent monogenic disease, is clinically and molecularly heterogeneous. This study described molecular and laboratory findings for three Mexican patients with ß-thal intermedia phenotype and their relatives. Three Mexican families were studied for presenting ß-thal intermedia, ARMS-PCR and Gap-PCR were performed to screen for common mutations, Sanger sequencing for rare or new alleles, and MLPA for identifying deletions and or duplications. In all three families we observed, in heterozygote condition, the mutation c.118C > T (p.Gln39*) also known as codon 39(C > T) in the ß globin gene (HBB) associated with a novel molecular defect: a new duplication of the alpha globin gene cluster, a new deletion that includes the loss of exon 3 of HBB and finally a novel mutation in the 3'UTR of HBB (HBB: c.*132C > A). We report three Mexican families with beta thalassemia intermedia due to different molecular basis; a new single nucleotide mutation involving the last nucleotide of the ß-globin chain transcript; and two possible new DNA rearrangements, an α cluster duplication, and a partial ß gene deletion.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the burnout dimensions scores in Brazilian and Spanish nursing workers. METHOD: quantitative, cross-sectional and comparative study conducted with 589 Nursing workers who answered the Sociodemographic and Professional Characterization Questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Descriptive and analytical analysis of the data was performed. RESULTS: Spanish Nursing workers presented higher averages in the Depersonalization dimension (p = 0.004) and Brazilians, higher scores in the Professional Achievement dimension (p = 0.031). In both Spain and Brazil, nursing assistants / technicians were found to have higher Emotional Exhaustion than nurses; In Brazil, Depersonalization is higher in nurses and in Spain it is higher in Nursing assistants / technicians. Statistically significant results were found in the association of burnout dimensions with sociodemographic and work characteristics: age; professional category; workplace; work regime; work shift; time of professional experience; working time in the same workplace and consider stressful work. CONCLUSION: Although Brazilian and Spanish nursing workers score low levels of Depersonalization and high Professional Achievement, there are average levels of Emotional Exhaustion, indicating an important preventive factor to be worked on, since Emotional Exhaustion is considered the first stage of burnout.

Assuntos

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Alcohol abuse is a worldwide health problem because of its association with high rates of morbidity, mortality, and interpersonal conflicts. In Mexico, young people are the group most severely affected by high levels of alcohol intake. This study attempts to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in the Mexican youth population, since validation studies do not currently exist. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An opinion sampling method was used based on the inclusion criteria for the study and the accessibility of the sample. Participants' ages ranged from 14 to 30, and 44.2% (N = 854) were male and 55.8% (N = 1078) were female. RESULTS: The psychometric guarantees of AUDIT have been confirmed, highlighting the value of Alpha Cronbach (.804) of the scale, and the validity of its internal structure through a confirmatory factor analysis, which showed the validity of the model of the three factors (Risky use, Dependence symptoms, and Harmful alcohol use). The results confirm a pattern of non-daily use, and concentrated, excess use on a single occasion. The existence of significant differences has also been confirmed in terms of the legal drinking age in some of the indicators used, and the risk of alcohol consumption increases with age. CONCLUSIONS: The appropriate psychometric properties of AUDIT have been confirmed in the Mexican youth population. It shows a public health issue that requires the design of prevention programs that impact risk factors and promote protective factors.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Dengue, the most prevalent arboviral disease worldwide, is caused by any of the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes that co-circulate constantly in hyperendemic areas such as Medellin (Colombia), and these serotypes are transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. In this study, we evaluated the replicative capacity of strains isolated in Medellin between 2003 and 2007 in C6/36 cells and in colonies of Aedes aegypti collected during 2010-2011 from high or low-incidence areas within the same city. The phylogenetic analysis grouped isolates according to the predominant genotypes found in the Americas, and the in vitro characterization showed differences in the morphological changes induced by the isolates of each of the isolated serotypes compared to the reference serotypes. In vitro replicative capacity studies demonstrated that genomic copy number increased at four days post-infection and that cell viability decreased significantly compared to the control for all serotypes. The largest number of genomic copies in C6/36 was produced by DENV-2, followed by DENV-1 and DENV-4; DENV-3 produced the smallest number of genomic copies and had the smallest negative effect on cell viability. Finally, differences in the in vivo replication of intercolonial serotypes between the Rockefeller colony and the field colonies and among the intracolonial serotypes were found. The replication of DENV-2 at 7 and 14 days in both high- and low-incidence colonies was higher than that of the other serotypes, and replication of DENV-3 in the mosquito colonies was the most stable on the days evaluated. Our results support the notion that replication and, possibly, DENV transmission and severity depend on many factors, including serotype and vector characteristics.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Dengue, the most prevalent arboviral disease worldwide, is caused by any of the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes that co-circulate constantly in hyperendemic areas such as Medellin (Colombia), and these serotypes are transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. In this study, we evaluated the replicative capacity of strains isolated in Medellin between 2003 and 2007 in C6/36 cells and in colonies of Aedes aegypti collected during 2010-2011 from high or low-incidence areas within the same city. The phylogenetic analysis grouped isolates according to the predominant genotypes found in the Americas, and the in vitro characterization showed differences in the morphological changes induced by the isolates of each of the isolated serotypes compared to the reference serotypes. In vitro replicative capacity studies demonstrated that genomic copy number increased at four days post-infection and that cell viability decreased significantly compared to the control for all serotypes. The largest number of genomic copies in C6/36 was produced by DENV-2, followed by DENV-1 and DENV-4; DENV-3 produced the smallest number of genomic copies and had the smallest negative effect on cell viability. Finally, differences in the in vivo replication of intercolonial serotypes between the Rockefeller colony and the field colonies and among the intracolonial serotypes were found. The replication of DENV-2 at 7 and 14 days in both high- and low-incidence colonies was higher than that of the other serotypes, and replication of DENV-3 in the mosquito colonies was the most stable on the days evaluated. Our results support the notion that replication and, possibly, DENV transmission and severity depend on many factors, including serotype and vector characteristics.

Assuntos