RESUMO
We report for the first time Aphanistes ruthae Alvarado, 2018 in Venezuela and Castrosion renei Gauld & Bradshaw, 1997 in South America (Venezuela and Brazil). Castrosion renei is associated with the amazon rainforest in the Amazonas and Maranhão, States of Brazil.
Assuntos
Himenópteros/anatomia & histologia , Distribuição Animal , Animais , Brasil , Costa Rica , Feminino , Himenópteros/fisiologia , Masculino , Floresta Úmida , Especificidade da Espécie , VenezuelaRESUMO
Agroforestry systems are environment-friendly production systems which help to preserve biodiversity while providing people with a way of earning a living. Cacao is a historically important crop in Venezuela that traditionally has been produced in agroforestry systems. However, few studies have evaluated how different trees used in those systems affect the dynamics and abundance of insects. The present study evaluated the entomofauna assemblages associated with different combinations of four timber-yielding trees and four Criollo cacao cultivars established in a lowland tropical ecosystem in Venezuela. A randomized block design with two replicates was used, each block having 16 plots which included all 16 possible combinations of four native timber trees (Cordia thaisiana, Cedrela odorata, Swietenia macrophylla, and Tabebuia rosea) and four Criollo cacao cultivars (Porcelana, Guasare, Lobatera and Criollo Merideño). Insects were collected with yellow pan traps and sorted to order. Coleoptera and parasitoid Hymenoptera were determined to the family level. In total, 49,538 individuals of seven orders were collected, with Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Hemiptera being the most abundant, although only Lepidoptera and Coleoptera abundances were significantly influenced by the timber tree species. Twenty-three families of parasitoid Hymenoptera and 26 of Coleoptera were found. Significant differences in insects’ assemblages were found both in parasitoid Hymenoptera and Coleoptera families associated to every shade tree, with the families Eulophidae and Lycidae being indicators for Cordia, and Chalcididae for Swietenia. The entomofauna relationship with the cacao cultivar was barely significant, although Scydmaenidae and Scarabaeidae were indicators for Lobatera and Merideño, respectively. No significant effects were found for interaction with cacao cultivars and native trees. We concluded that the particular insect assemblages found in Cedrela odorata and Cordia thaisiana, together with their high growing rates, make these two species an optimal choice for cacao agroforestry systems.
RESUMO
The subfamily Poemeniinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) is reported for the first time from Peru. We describe and illustrate a new species, Ganodes atayupanquii sp. n. Castillo & Sääksjärvi, which was collected from the Peruvian Andes at 1500 m. A key to the species of Ganodes Townes and new distribution records of G. wahli Díaz and G. matai Gauld are provided.
Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Vespas/classificação , Animais , Feminino , Peru , Vespas/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
Five new species of the Neotropical genus Ganodes Townes, from Mexico, Venezuela, Brazil and Argentina, are described and illustrated: G. bocaina, G. garciai, G. mexicanus, G. townesi and. G. wahli. A key to seven species is provided, including two species described previously, G. balteatus Townes and G. matai Gauld.
Cinco espécies do gênero Neotropical Ganodes Townes, coletadas no México, Venezuela, Brasil e Argentina, são descritas e ilustradas: G. bocaina, G. garciai, G. mexicanus, G. townesi y G. wahli. É apresentada uma chave para sete espécies, incluindo duas descritas anteriormente, G. balteatus Townes e G. matai Gauld.
Assuntos
Animais , Himenópteros/classificação , Argentina , Brasil , Himenópteros/anatomia & histologia , México , VenezuelaRESUMO
Five new species of the Neotropical genus Ganodes Townes, from Mexico, Venezuela, Brazil and Argentina, are described and illustrated: G. bocaina, G. garciai, G. mexicanus, G. townesi and. G. wahli. A key to seven species is provided, including two species described previously, G. balteatus Townes and G. matai Gauld.