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The present study aimed to determine the presence of the aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in breast milk samples from 123 nursing women and the degree of exposure of infants to this toxin, in the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon state (northeast Mexico). Upon analysis, 100% of the samples were found to be contaminated with the toxin at an average concentration of 17.04 ng/L, with a range of 5.00 to 66.23 ng/L. A total of 13.01% of the breast milk samples exceeded the regulatory limit of 25 ng/L for AFM1 concentration, set by the European Union. The estimated daily intake for AFM1 and the carcinogenic risk index were also determined in the 0- to 6-, 7- to 12-, 13- to 24-, and 25- to 36-month-old age groups. The AFM1 intake through breast milk ranged from 1.09 to 20.17 ng/kg weight/day, and was higher than the tolerable daily intake, indicating a carcinogenic risk for infants in the age groups of 0- to 24-months old. This evidence demonstrates a susceptibility of breast milk to AFM1 contamination that may suggest a carcinogenic risk for the breastfed infants in Monterrey city, Nuevo Leon state, and the need to control the presence of aflatoxins in foods eaten by nursing mothers.

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El linfangioma es un tumor benigno raro y predominante en la infancia, debido a su crecimiento puede comprometer al órgano donde se desarrolla, se han propuesto varias opciones de trata-miento, sin embargo, la cirugía continúa siendo la primera opción. La neuronavegación permite realizar exéresis con gran precisión y de utilidad en cirugía ocular, por lo que disminuye el riesgo de secuelas después de una exéresis de linfangioma orbitario.

Lymphangioma is a benign tumor predominantly in childhood, due to growth that can compromise the organ where it grows. Several treatment options, have been proposed however,surgery remains the first choice. Neuronavigation allows successful excision and use in eye surgery,which decreases the risk of sequels following excision of orbital lymphangioma.

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UNLABELLED: Adolescent judo athletes who train in tropical climates may be in a persistent state of dehydration because they frequently restrict fluids during daily training sessions to maintain or reduce their body weight and are not given enough opportunities to drink. PURPOSE: Determine the body hydration status of adolescent judo athletes before, immediately after, and 24 h after (24H) a training session and document sweat Na+ loss and symptoms of dehydration. METHODS: Body mass and urine color and specific gravity (USG) were measured before, after, and 24 h after a training session in a high-heat-stress environment (29.5 ± 1.0°C; 77.7 ± 6.1% RH) in 24 adolescent athletes. Sweat sodium loss was also determined. A comparison was made between mid-pubertal (MP) and late pubertal (LP) subjects. RESULTS: The majority of the subjects started training with a significant level of dehydration. During the training session, MP subjects lost 1.3 ± 0.8% of their pretraining body mass whereas LP subjects lost 1.9 ± 0.5% (P < .05). Sweat sodium concentration was 44.5 ± 23.3 mmol/L. Fluid intake from a water fountain was minimal. Subjects reported symptoms of dehydration during the session, which in some cases persisted throughout the night and the next day. The 24H USG was 1.028 ± 0.004 and 1.027 ± 0.005 g/mL for MP and LP, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent judo athletes arrive to practice with a fluid deficit, do not drink enough during training, and experience symptoms of dehydration, which may compromise the quality of training and general well-being.

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Antecedentes. El trasplante hépatico representa en la actualidad una alternativa terpéutica al alacance de los pacientes con hepatopatías terminales. Objetivo. Describir brevemente la estructura hospitalaria de Petróleos Mexicanos, el desarrollo del programa de trasplante hepático e informar nuestra experiencia inicial. Método. Realizamos una evaluación objetiva del servicio médico de Pemex, su infraestructura, personal médico, paramédico y recursos materiales. Se describe el desarrollo del programa, que en 1995 se establece con un comité y un programa de trasplante hepático experimental. Resultados. Se revisaron los pacientes con hepatopatías, detectándose 20 adultos y 10 pediátricos como posibles candidatos. Se informa el primer caso realizado en el HCSAE, que correspondió a una niña de 5 años de edad con diagnóstico de atresia de vías biliares, inicialmente manejada con derivación portoentérica tipo KASAI que finalmente desarrolló reserva funcional limitada (clasificación C de Child-Pugh) así como hipertensión portal hemorrágica. Se sometió a trasplante hepático ortotópico el 17 de octubre de 1996, con injerto proveniente de donador cadavérico. La paciente falleció al segundo día postransplante a consecuencia de insuficiencia renal aguda con hiperkalemia y fibrilación ventricular. Conclusiones. El servicio médico de Pemex cuenta con lo necesario para ofrecer esta alternativa terapéutica. Aunque la paciente falleció consideramos que la experiencia inicial fue de mucha utilidad. La colaboración interinstitucional que se busca podrá fortalecer y beneficiar a los diferentes centros de trasplante hepático en nuestro país

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This article presents a case of a young, otherwise asymptomatic male patient with a parotid gland enlargement. The initial clinical history did not reveal any risk factors related with HIV infection. A fine needle aspiration biopsy of the lesion showed a benign cystic lymphoepithelial lesion of the parotid gland. This once unusual lesion of the salivary gland has been recently associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and is presently encountered with increased frequency in the clinical practice. The knowledge of the association between these two entities led, in this case, to the diagnosis of HIV infection in an otherwise asymptomatic patient. Early detection of HIV infection is of vital importance since it has been demonstrated that prompt treatment of these patients with AZT slows down the progression of the disease

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