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Ectopic thymoma is a rare tumor that arises from the abnormal migration of thymus tissue. They are extremely rare and have a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms. Therefore, preoperative diagnosis is complex and can be easily misdiagnosed. Complete resection is the treatment of choice to avoid recurrence, radiotherapy and enhanced survival. Regretfully, many patients arrive at a late stage, limiting our therapeutic options; therefore, pre-operative diagnosis is vital. We present the case of an otherwise healthy 32-year-old woman; after a chest X-ray was done for a routine medical evaluation, a mass was discovered in her mediastinum. After surgery, a B2 thymoma attached to the pericardium was discovered and successfully treated.
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Dysphagia is a common condition in clinical practice; however, an unusual type of dysphagia due to compression of the esophagus by an abnormal right subclavian artery may be discovered in a rare subset of patients. The prognosis and treatment will depend on the severity of the symptoms and the compromise of surrounding structures. We present the case of an 18-year-old female who presented with gradually progressive dysphagia. At first, it was treated as gastroesophageal reflux disease; nonetheless, the dysphagia became severe, and after a thorough evaluation, an aberrant right subclavian artery that compressed the esophagus was discovered along with a truncus bicaroticus. She was successfully treated with surgery without any complications. On follow-ups, she's doing well.
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BACKGROUND: Intravascular leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a histologically benign smooth muscle tumor arising from the uterus that can spread through the pelvic veins and, on rare occasions, extend as far as the heart via the inferior vena cava. Despite its benign characteristics, it can behave like a malignant tumor leading to significant morbidity and even mortality if left untreated. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient is a 42-year-old woman with a past medical history of uterine leiomyomas. She presented with heavy bleeding and frequent spotting; therefore, she went to her gynecologist. After further evaluation, a mass within the uterus that expanded into the pelvic veins, inferior vena cava, and right atrium was discovered. After the complete removal of the mass, the patient underwent full recovery. IVL with cardiac extension was the final diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Although IVL is rare, it must be considered in women who underwent previous hysterectomies or myomectomies and present with symptoms of right heart failure. The ideal therapy will need the aid of a multidisciplinary team and will depend on the patient's symptoms, previous operative history, the tumor's extension, and resectability.
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Insuficiência Cardíaca , Leiomiomatose , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Leiomiomatose/diagnóstico por imagem , Leiomiomatose/cirurgia , Átrios do Coração/cirurgia , Veia Cava Inferior/cirurgia , GinecologistaRESUMO
During any surgical procedure, complications may arise, some of which are fortuitous, whereas others, unfortunately, occur because of errors of the surgical team. Fortunately, most are minor and do not affect the patient's recovery, but others can cause severe morbidity and even mortality. A retained cotton or gauze surgical sponge inadvertently left in the body during an operation is known as a gossypiboma. This dreadful oversight is a marked complication that can cause serious postoperative complications, a severe economic burden on the healthcare system, and many medicolegal implications. We report the case of a 30-year-old male, who suffered a spinal fracture which was repaired through an anterior fixation approach 12 years ago in a local state hospital without complications. Suddenly, he presented with chest pain and cough, and sought medical attention. An 8 × 5 × 8 cm low-density heterogeneous mass was discovered on his chest; after successful surgery, a gossypiboma formed by several gauzes without radiopaque markers was discovered.
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has strained all medical systems, especially in countries like Ecuador, where health services were already limited. These conditions, combined with a deadly and unusual disease, like primary heart angiosarcoma, can lead to severe outcomes. Angiosarcomas represent the most common and aggressive primary malignant heart tumor; regretfully, its clinical manifestations are vague and can be easily missed. Most patients become symptomatic when there is local invasion, embolization, or metastases, leading to late diagnosis and poor survival. High clinical awareness, adequate diagnosis, and prompt treatment are vital in these rare diseases, in which time is of paramount importance. Case presentation: We report the case of a 28-year-old female who had cough, hemoptysis, and ground-glass opacities in the CT (computed tomography). Since Ecuador is in the middle of this pandemic, she was misdiagnosed and mistreated. Primary heart angiosarcoma was diagnosed, and regretfully, the patient suffered multiple complications due to diagnosis and died. Conclusion: To this day, most cardiac angiosarcomas are found in a late-stage with distal metastasis and advanced local invasion. Sadly, this tumor is frequently missed due to its incidence and broad-spectrum of clinical symptoms. Considering that its manifestations can be misleading, misdiagnosis can occur, especially in pandemic times. Therefore, knowledge of other pathologies prevents COVID-19 from overshadowing other diagnoses, hence preventing delayed diagnosis or even misdiagnosis and consequent adverse outcomes for patients. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43057-021-00042-7.
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BACKGROUND: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a rare coagulation disorder associated with thrombotic events, myocardial infarction, and valvular heart disease. During valvular replacement surgery, the high risk of thrombosis combined with the operative risks in these specific groups of patients poses a challenge to the medical team. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a female patient with APS and mixed aortic valve disease. During surgery, she suddenly developed complete cardiac arrest. Three months later, after she recovered, and while she was still on close follow up, a thrombotic event caused myocardial infarction. After prompt and precise treatment, the patient successfully recovered; one year after surgery patient is doing well. CONCLUSION: Adequate surgical technique along with optimal anticoagulation strategies and long term follow up are of paramount importance to ensure an uneventful recovery. A multidisciplinary team is required to manage these complex scenarios and high-risk patients.
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Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/complicações , Valvopatia Aórtica/complicações , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/efeitos adversos , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologia , Adulto , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/tratamento farmacológico , Valvopatia Aórtica/cirurgia , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Parada Cardíaca/etiologia , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Trombose/complicaçõesRESUMO
Endoscopy is essential in the assessment and treatment of the bariatric patient, especially in the postoperative state. Since bariatric surgery is increasing exponentially, endoscopists should be familiar with the anatomy and how to manage possible complications. New less invasive therapeutic tools will have a major impact on the prognosis of these patients. Dreaded complications such as leaks, stenosis or weight regain can be successfully assessed and treated by endoscopy. Postoperative evaluation of symptoms requires the precise search of details that can change patient's management.
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Cirurgia Bariátrica , Peso Corporal , Endoscopia , Humanos , Obesidade Mórbida , Complicações Pós-OperatóriasRESUMO
Endoscopy is essential in the assessment and treatment of the bariatric patient, especially in the postoperative state. Since bariatric surgery is increasing exponentially, endoscopists should be familiar with the anatomy and how to manage possible complications. New less invasive therapeutic tools will have a major impact on the prognosis of these patients. Dreaded complications such as leaks, stenosis or weight regain can be successfully assessed and treated by endoscopy. Postoperative evaluation of symptoms requires the precise search of details that can change patient's management.
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Humanos , Cirurgia Bariátrica , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Peso Corporal , Obesidade Mórbida , EndoscopiaRESUMO
Congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are caused by an abnormal persistence or regression of embryonic precursor veins; they are usually incidental findings on imaging studies. These rare conditions have a 0.6% prevalence in individuals with congenital heart diseases and 0.3% in healthy patients. The purpose of this paper was to report two cases of interruption of IVC with hemiazygos continuation and its implications during surgery, highlighting that after recognizing this anomalous drainage the surgeon should be prepared to change the surgical strategies, especially in cardiovascular surgery, in order to obtain adequate circulatory flows or surgical exposure where venous cannulation could be difficult. We have also reported two cases of healthy patients with the same isolated IVC anomaly with no clinical repercussions, which can develop in the future.
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Fibrovascular polyps (FVPs) are rare, benign tumors of the esophagus; they usually appear as an intraluminal mass within the esophagus, which can grow and reach enormous sizes if left untreated. They can cause a variety of symptoms, from mild dysphagia to life-threatening asphyxia. Diagnosis is challenging because FVPs can resemble any respiratory condition, which can lead to misdiagnosis and potentially dangerous therapies. We present a 47-year-old man who suffered from recurrent episodes of odynophagia. This time he suffered an incident of severe asphyxia and loss of consciousness. After complementary examinations, an FVP was detected and successfully treated.
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Resumen La cirugía ha pasado de ser una ciencia rudimentaria caracterizada por el padecimiento de insufribles dolores por falta de anestésicos, de realizarse en lugares poco acondicionados y de utilizarse instrumental poco ortodoxo con consecuencias nefastas para el desenlace de los procedimientos debido principalmente a las infecciones, a ser un campo desarrollado donde la tecnología juega un rol trascendental para el objetivo final que es el bienestar del paciente. En las últimas décadas, la cirugía ha pasado del acceso abierto al laparoscópico, cirugía por orificios naturales (NOTES), cirugía laparoscópica de puerto único, hasta la cirugía robótica. Es un hecho que estamos en un momento de la historia de la humanidad en el cual el desarrollo de las tecnologías a cambiado nuestra vida cotidiana, así como también el de nuestra practica quirúrgica diaria y no podemos ser ajenos a esta. El propósito de esta revisión es mostrar la situación actual de la cirugía robótica gastrointestinal y sus perspectivas a futuro. Para esto se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos medline con las palabras claves "review robotic surgery, robotic digestive surgery, robotic bariatric surgery, robotic esophagectomy, robotic gastrectomy, robotic hepatectomy, robotic pancreatectomy, robotic hernia repair". Además una búsqueda de datos en la web sobre "intutive investorpresentation, future of robotic surgery, digital surgery, new robotic system in surgery, trends in robotic surgery".
It is a fact that we are at a moment in the history of humanity in which the development of technologies has changed our daily lives, as well as that of our daily surgical practice. The fast evolution in technology has allowed surgery to evolve from a rudimentary science characterized by painful, highly invasive procedures, to a rapidly developing and precise field with ever improving patient outcomes. In recent decades, gastrointestinal surgery has gone from open access to laparoscopy, natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), single-port laparoscopic surgery, and more recently, robotic assisted surgery. The purpose of this review is to show the current situation of robotic gastrointestinal surgery and its future prospects. A literature review was conducted in the Medline database with the keywords "revision of robotic surgery, robotic digestive surgery, bariatric robotic surgery, robotic esophagectomy, robotic gastrectomy, robotic hepatectomy, robotic pancreatectomy, robotic hernia repair". In addition, online search engine data was conducted using the following key words "intutive investor presentation, future of robotic surgery, digital surgery, new robotic system in surgery, trends in robotic surgery"
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Humanos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/tendências , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/tendências , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Robótica/instrumentação , Laparoscopia/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/métodosRESUMO
Spontaneous dissection of the coronary arteries is a rare disease with a wide range of clinical presentations ranging from angina to myocardial infarction (MI); its pathophysiology has not yet been fully established. In this paper, we present the case of a 31-year-old male with an acute coronary syndrome. The initial results of the electrocardiogram and cardiac enzymes were consistent with MI. However, a coronary angio-tomography revealed a dissection of the left main coronary artery and the patient underwent emergent surgery with coronary artery bypass grafting. The treatment of spontaneous dissection of the coronary arteries depends on the anatomical location and the patient's clinical presentation. Coronary revascularization is associated with good results.
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Less than 25 cases of azygous vein lacerations secondary to blunt trauma have been published in the medical literature, most of these injuries were resulting from motor vehicle accidents, but have been described due to falls or assaults. These lesions should be considered as thoracic great vessels injuries and if not recognized promptly carry a high morbidity and mortality. We report a case of a young male involved in a high-speed car collision, admitted to the emergency room in an unstable condition secondary to hypovolemic shock due to azygous vein injury. The patient underwent emergent right antero-lateral thoracotomy followed by sternotomy for surgical control of the vascular injury and resuscitation. Laparotomy and splenectomy were also required, the abdomen was closed. The thoracic cavity was left packed and closure was delayed for 48 h. The patient survived and was transferred to another hospital seven days later.
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Traumatismos Abdominais/complicações , Acidentes de Trânsito , Veia Ázigos/lesões , Traumatismos Torácicos/complicações , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/complicações , Traumatismos Abdominais/diagnóstico por imagem , Traumatismos Abdominais/cirurgia , Adulto , Veia Ázigos/cirurgia , Humanos , Lacerações , Masculino , Radiografia , Choque/etiologia , Esplenectomia , Esternotomia , Traumatismos Torácicos/diagnóstico por imagem , Traumatismos Torácicos/cirurgia , Toracotomia , Resultado do Tratamento , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/diagnóstico por imagem , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/cirurgiaRESUMO
Mediastinitis secondary to esophageal perforation is usually a life-threatening problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. We present a 44-year-old morbidly obese female who underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass, during which she suffered perforation of the distal thoracic esophagus diagnosed 5 days later during progression of mediastinitis. She was treated with left posterolateral thoracotomy, drainage of a peri-esophageal abscess and primary repair of the esophagus with intercostal muscle reinforcement, and cervical esophagostomy. Thereafter, she had an uneventful hospital course, and remains well on 12-month follow-up.