RESUMO
UNLABELLED: The role of lead (Pb) as an environmental cause of nephropathy is difficult to ascertain due to the difficulty to determine clinically its exposure. AIM: To assess lead levels and renal function in a group of males working in mechanical workshops. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Blood and urine samples were obtained from 100 mechanical workshop workers aged 38 ± 16 years and 95 non-exposed office clerks aged 37 ± 17 years. Blood lead and creatinine levels were determined. In exposed workers, urinary excretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatases (IAP) and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) were measured as early markers of renal failure. RESULTS: Blood lead levels were 66.4 ± 43 and 33.6 ± 18 µg/L among mechanical workshop workers and non-exposed controls, respectively, p < 0.01. The figures for serum creatinine were 0.9 ± 0.1 and 0.9 ± 0.1 respectively, p = NS. Among exposed workers urinary excretion of IAP was 0.47 ± 0.6 U/L and of NAG, 0.92 ± 1.1 U/L. There was a positive correlation between blood lead levels and NAG excretion (r = 0.284) and IAP excretion (r = 0.346). CONCLUSIONS: Exposed workers had higher blood lead levels and there was a weak positive association between these levels and the urinary excretion of NAG and IAP.
Assuntos
Creatinina/sangue , Chumbo/sangue , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Insuficiência Renal/induzido quimicamente , Acetilglucosaminidase/urina , Adulto , Fosfatase Alcalina/urina , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Humanos , Chumbo/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Insuficiência Renal/diagnósticoRESUMO
The role of lead (Pb) as an environmental cause of nephropathy is difficult to ascertain due to the difficulty to determine clinically its exposure. Aim: To assess lead levels and renal function in a group of males working in mechanical workshops. Material and Methods: Blood and urine samples were obtained from 100 mechanical workshop workers aged 38 ± 16 years and 95 non-exposed office clerks aged 37 ± 17 years. Blood lead and creatinine levels were determined. In exposed workers, urinary excretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatases (IAP) and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) were measured as early markers of renal failure. Results: Blood lead levels were 66.4 ± 43 and 33.6 ± 18 µg/L among mechanical workshop workers and non-exposed controls, respectively, p < 0.01. The figures for serum creatinine were 0.9 ± 0.1 and 0.9 ± 0.1 respectively, p = NS. Among exposed workers urinary excretion of IAP was 0.47 ± 0.6 U/L and of NAG, 0.92 ± 1.1 U/L. There was a positive correlation between blood lead levels and NAG excretion (r = 0.284) and IAP excretion (r = 0.346). Conclusions: Exposed workers had higher blood lead levels and there was a weak positive association between these levels and the urinary excretion of NAG and IAP.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Creatinina/sangue , Insuficiência Renal/induzido quimicamente , Chumbo/sangue , Acetilglucosaminidase/urina , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Fosfatase Alcalina/urina , Insuficiência Renal/diagnóstico , Chumbo/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections and zinc deficiency are often found in low- and middle-income countries and are both known to affect child growth. However, studies combining data on zinc and STH are lacking. In two studies in schoolchildren in Cuba and Cambodia, we collected data on height, STH infection and zinc concentration in either plasma (Cambodia) or hair (Cuba). We analyzed whether STH and/or zinc were associated with height for age z-scores and whether STH and zinc were associated. In Cuba, STH prevalence was 8.4%; these were mainly Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections. In Cambodia, STH prevalence was 16.8%, mostly caused by hookworm. In Cuban children, STH infection had a strong association with height for age (aB-0.438, p = 0.001), while hair zinc was significantly associated with height for age only in STH uninfected children. In Cambodian children, plasma zinc was associated with height for age (aB-0.033, p = 0.029), but STH infection was not. Only in Cambodia, STH infection showed an association with zinc concentration (aB-0.233, p = 0.051). Factors influencing child growth differ between populations and may depend on prevalences of STH species and zinc deficiency. Further research is needed to elucidate these relationships and their underlying mechanisms.
Assuntos
Estatura , Helmintíase/sangue , Helmintíase/epidemiologia , Solo/parasitologia , Zinco/sangue , Animais , Ascaris lumbricoides , Camboja/epidemiologia , Criança , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Estudos Transversais , Cuba/epidemiologia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Feminino , Cabelo/química , Helmintíase/transmissão , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Prevalência , Trichuris , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Zinco/deficiênciaRESUMO
En once ratas Wistar se realizó nefrectomía 5/6 a fin de conseguir una insuficiencia renal crónica moderada. Tres ratas recibieron cloruro de estroncio (2pto-20.0 g/L) (GS), tres ratas; cloruro de amonio (0.25M) (GAc), tres ratas recibio la conbinación de estroncio y amonio, a la misma concentración que las anteriores (GSAc), y dos ratas fueron el grupo control (GC), las cuáles recibieron agua de canilla. El GS presentó una leve disminución de los niveles de bicarbonato plasmático (de 23,1 a 20,6 mmol/L), sin alcanzar diferencias significativas, por el contrario, lo grupos. GAc y GSAc, presentaron un agran disminución de los niveles de bicarbonato (GA:de 24,7 mmol/L a 13,4 mmol/L). En el GC, no se observaron cambios. Los niveles séricos de estroncio ascendieron significativamente en los grupos GS y GSAc, permaneciendo dentro de valores normales en otros grupos (GAc y GC). En lo que concierne a los huesos, hemos encontrado una gran concentración ósea de estroncio en GS y GSAc, comparados a los otros grupos. En el análisishistológico de los huesos, encontramos en el GS, un gran aumento del tejido osteoide, un bajo ídice de formación ósea, y un prolongado tiempo de mineralización. En el grupo estroncio/ácido, hubo una disminución del tejido osteoide, con una disminución de la formación ósea y una disminución de mineralización. En el GAcy en el GC, no se han encontrado anomalías óseas de valor. Conclusión: En el grupo que recibio solamente estroncio, se ha desarrolado una severa osteomalacia, por el contrario, si esta carga de estroncio ocurre en un ambiente acidótico, el metal conduce a la enfermedad ósea adinámica.