Assuntos
Humanos , Trypanosoma cruzi , Homeostase , Linfócitos T Reguladores , Doenças Parasitárias , Timo , Apoptose , Diferenciação CelularAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , /complicações , /imunologia , /metabolismo , Tuberculose , ResumosRESUMO
Diabetes is a risk factor for the development of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and both diseases present endocrine alterations likely to play a role in certain immuno-endocrine-metabolic associated disorders. Patients with TB, or with TB and type 2 diabetes (TB + T2DM) and healthy controls (HCo) were assessed for plasma levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), estradiol, testosterone, growth hormone (GH), prolactin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ) and the specific lymphoproliferative capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. All patients had higher levels of cortisol with a reduction in DHEA, thus resulting in an increased cortisol/DHEA ratio (Cort/DHEA). Increased prolactin and particularly GH levels were found in both groups of TB patients. This was not paralleled by increased concentrations of IGF, which remained within the levels of HCo. Estradiol levels were significantly augmented in patients TB, and significantly more in TB + T2DM, whereas testosterone levels were decreased in both groups of patients. IFN- γ and IL-6 concentrations were significantly increased in all TB, even further in TB + T2DM; while IL-10 was equally increased in both groups of TB patients. The in vitro specific proliferative capacity was decreased in both groups of patients as compared to that of HCo. The adverse immune-endocrine profile of TB seems to be slightly more pronounced in patients who also have T2DM.
Assuntos
Citocinas/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Hormônios/sangue , Infecções Oportunistas/sangue , Tuberculose Pulmonar/sangue , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Células Cultivadas , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Ativação Linfocitária , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Oportunistas/complicações , Infecções Oportunistas/imunologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/complicações , Tuberculose Pulmonar/imunologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is a infectious disease characterised by a profound immune-endocrine metabolic imbalance, including a diminution in leptin plasma levels. Leptin appears to be the link between nutritional status and the development of a protective immune response. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of leptin on the proliferation and production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in TB patients and healthy controls stimulated with mycobacterial antigens with or without leptin. As macrophages are key cells in mycobacterial containment, the effect of leptin on the production of interleukin (IL) 1ß and IL-1Ra by the monocytic cell line THP-1 was also studied. RESULTS: Leptin diminished the proliferative capacity of PBMC on mycobacterial stimulation, and had no effect on IFN-γ production in terms of measurements in culture supernatants or intracytoplasmic analysis using flow cytometry. Real-time polymerase chain reaction studies of PBMC from TB patients revealed a preserved expression of leptin receptor. Furthermore, IL-1ß and IL-1Ra secretion by THP-1 cells was not modified by leptin treatment. CONCLUSION: The study results do not support the utility of treatment with leptin to correct immune imbalances due to TB.