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Introduction: The use of natural products such as essential oils has been suggested due to their promising pharmacological effects and economic viability. This study aimed to determine hydrogenic potential (pH), titratable acidity (TA), and ion concentrations of five solutions containing essential oils (EO), when used as a EO-containing solutions, and evaluate ion concentrations, enamel surface loss, and morphology alterations in enamel. Materials and methods: The pH, TA, calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and sodium (Na) concentrations of five EO-containing solutions were measured. Bovine enamel specimens were submitted to two daily 30-s immersions in artificial saliva, citric acid, distilled water, BaCloTea (Basil, Clove e Tea Tree), GeLaTeaPep (Geranium, Lavender, Tea Tree and Peppermint), EucaLem (Eucalyptus and Lemon), Cinnamon, or Spearmint solutions for 14 days. Ca, K, Na, and phosphorus (P) were quantified through ions chromatography, enamel surface loss was determined by profilometry, and surface morphology was qualitatively analyzed through scanning electron microscopy. Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey (p < 0.05). Results: The five EO-containing solutions presented significantly lower pH values than distilled water (p < 0.05). The GeLaTeaPep group presented a significantly higher TA value than BaCloTea (p < 0.05), which in turn showed a significantly higher TA value than the other solutions (p < 0.05). The distilled water presented significantly higher Ca, K, and Na concentrations than all EO-containing solutions (p < 0.05). The enamel exposed to EO-containing solutions showed lower Ca and P concentrations than artificial saliva (control) as well as significantly higher surface loss; however, the surface morphology was similar to the artificial saliva. Conclusion: EO-containing solutions have low pH, TA, and low concentrations of Ca, Na, and K. Moreover, enamel exposed to these solutions showed low Ca and P concentrations and slight surface loss without morphology alteration.

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BACKGROUND: Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) have shown a significant incidence and prevalence and have been increasingly associated with people's lifestyles and youths. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of NCCLs in footballers and to address potential risk indicators. METHODS: Fourty-three male semi-professional footballers with an average of 27 years old completed a questionnaire and were subjected to intraoral examination in terms of cervical tooth wear, morphological characteristics of NCCLs, tooth sensitivity, occlusal/incisal wear, and malocclusion classification. Also, laboratory assays were performed to determine salivary parameters: flow rate, pH, buffer capacity, level of Ca (calcium), Na (sodium), and K (potassium) ions, and level of cortisol. The data obtained from the questionnaire and intraoral examinations were subjected to Chi-square and Poisson regression models while the data obtained from the laboratory assays were analyzed by using analysis of variance (p <  0.05). RESULTS: The prevalence of NCCLs was 39.5%. The participants presented predominantly initial lesions with signs of mechanical stress. The daily training time was found as a significant risk indicator (p = 0.028). The multivariate analysis showed a significant difference in the variables daily training time (p = 0.023), lemon water intake while fasting (p = 0.002), toothpaste type (p = 0.004), tooth sensitivity (p = 0.006); previous orthodontic treatment (p = 0.003), and occlusion type (p = 0.008). All participants presented normal salivary parameters and levels of cortisol. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of NCCLs among footballers was remarkable. The premolars were the most affected teeth and presented symptoms/signs of initial lesions. The daily training time was a dominant risk indicator of NCCLs development. Footballers presented adequate salivary parameters and cortisol levels.

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BACKGROUND: The regeneration of integrity and tissue homeostasis after injury is a fundamental property and involves complex biological processes fully dynamic and interconnected. Although there are medications prescribed to accelerate the process of wound healing by reducing the exaggerated inflammatory response, comes the need to search for different compounds of Amazonian biodiversity that can contribute to the acceleration of the healing process. Among these products, the copaiba oil-resin is one of the most prominent feature in this scenario, as they have been reported its medicinal properties. METHODS: Aiming to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and healing effect of copaiba oil-resin (Copaifera reticulata Ducke) in transfixing injury of rats' tongues first proceeded up the copaiba oil-resin oral toxicity test in 5 male mice to stipulate the therapeutic dose which was established at 200 mg/kg/day. Then it was induced transfixing injury in a total of 15 Wistar rats. The animals were randomly divided into three groups based on the treatment: control group, dexamethasone group and copaiba oil-resin group. After 7 days of treatment, histological slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin was prepared. Immunohistochemistry for CD68 (macrophage marker) was performed and analyzed by the cell counter Image J. RESULTS: The acute toxicity test showed that the oil-resin copal has low toxicity. Furthermore, copaiba oil-resin therapy modulates the inflammatory response by decreasing the chronic inflammatory infiltrate, edema and specifically the number of macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate the potential of the Amazon region and showed up relevant because therapy with this extract modulates the inflammatory process.

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BACKGROUND: Dental whitening has been increasingly sought out to improve dental aesthetics, but may cause chemical and morphological changes in dental enamel surfaces. OBJECTIVE: Assess in situ the effects of high-concentration hydrogen peroxide with and without fluoride on human dental enamel using the ion chromatography test (IC) and the Knoop hardness test (KHN). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nineteen enamel specimens were prepared using third human molars. These specimens were fixed on molars of volunteers and were divided into groups: OP38-Opalescence Boost PF38%, PO37-Pola Office 37.5% and CO-Control group. For chemical analysis (n= 3), the dentin layer was removed, keeping only the enamel, which was subjected to acidic digestion by microwave radiation. It was necessary to perform sample dilutions for the elements fluorine (F), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) for quantification using the IC test. The KHN (n= 5) was performed before and after the treatments. Five indentations were made, separated by 100 µm, for each specimen using a load of 25 gf for 5 seconds in the microdurometer. The data were analyzed using ANOVA with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: The OP38 group had the largest concentrations of F, Ca and P ions. The PO37 group showed the lowest concentrations of F and Ca ions. The average KHN was not significantly different between the OP38 and PO37 groups. CONCLUSION: Enamel whitened with hydrogen peroxide containing fluoride had greater concentrations of F, Ca and P ions. The presence of fluoride in the whitening agent did not influence the enamel microhardness.

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Treatments for dentine hypersensitivity (DH) may produce positive effects, though do not have lasting results. We investigated the reparative potential of stem cells derived from deciduous teeth (SHEDs) in response to components delivered from substances used in the treatment of the DH, associated or not to laser phototherapy (LPT), to stimulate dentine formation. SHEDs were submitted to substances delivered from a laboratorial P-rich bioactive glass [57SiO2 -26CaO-17P2 O5 (wt %)] or a commercially available desensitizer (Gluma® Desensitizer), associated (or not) to LPT (InGAlP diode laser, 660 nm, 0.028 cm2 , 20 mW, 5 J/cm2 , 7 s, contact mode). Biomaterial characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and the particle size was evaluated by dynamic light scattering. SHEDs proliferation and differentiation were analyzed by MTT and Alizarin Red staining, respectively. The conditioned media used in these tests were evaluated regarding their pH and the ionic concentration changes due to ions leached from the bioactive glass (BG). BG majority presented a non-crystalline solid structure and mixed particle sizes characterized by the agglomeration of nanoparticles. Cultures treated with BG alone or in association to LPT showed improved cell growth in relation to Gluma® (p < 0.05). Gluma® was cytotoxic in all tested conditions, regardless irradiated or not. BG associated to LPT induced intense mineral matrix formation. In conclusion, BG releases ionic dissolution products able to promote SHEDs differentiation. BG associated to LPT improves SHEDs proliferation and differentiation in vitro, and may be a promise therapeutic approach for the DH treatment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 107-116, 2017.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature published from 2000 to August 2015, to investigate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy on dentoalveolar-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ddMSCs), assessing whether a clear conclusion can be reached from the data presented. BACKGROUND DATA: Systematic reviews provide the best evidence on the effectiveness of a procedure and permit investigation of factors that may influence the performance of a method. To the best of our knowledge, no previous systematic review has evaluated the effects of PBM only on ddMSCs. METHODS: The search was conducted in PubMed /MEDLINE®, Scopus and Web of Science databases, and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metaanalyses (PRISMA Statement). Original research articles investigating the effects of PBM therapy on ddMSCs, published from 2000 to August 2015, were retrieved and used for this review according to the following eligibility criteria: evaluating PBM therapy, assessing stem cells of dentoalveolar origin, published in English, dealing with cells characterized as stem cells, and using light that did not need external chromophores. RESULTS: From the initial 3467 potentially relevant articles identified, 6 were excluded because they were duplicates, and 3453 were considered ineligible based on the inclusion criteria. Therefore, eight articles remained, and these were fully analyzed in order to closely check exclusion criteria items. Only one of them was excluded because the cultured cells studied were not characterized as stem cells. Finally, seven articles served as the basis for this systematic review. CONCLUSIONS: PBM therapy has no deleterious effects on ddMSCs. Although no other clear conclusion was obtained because of the scarce number of publications, the results of these studies are pointing to an important tendency of PBM therapy to improve ddMSCs' viability and proliferation.

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Hyposalivation and dental root exposure in the elderly are problems that require special oral care. In this context, the characteristics of certain toothpastes are of particular importance. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and dentin wear caused by seven different toothpastes. For dentin wear analysis, 40 root dentin specimens were submitted to 20,000 brushing cycles with the different toothpastes and distilled water (control group-CG), using a brushing machine. Dentin surface loss (SL) was measured by contact profilometer. The cytotoxicity of each toothpaste was tested using cultured fibroblasts submitted to a cell-culture-conditioned medium. Fresh medium served as the control. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay after 24 h of contact with the conditioned media. The data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The SL of the CG was minimal and significantly lower than that of the Oral B Pro Health (OBPH) group (p < 0.05). All other groups presented SL in between that of the CG and the Oral B Pro Health OBPH group, except for the Sensodyne (SEN) group, which presented SL similar to that of CG (p = 0.05). The SEN group presented a percentage of viable cells similar to that of CG: between 60-89%. All the other toothpastes showed high cytotoxicity, with cell viability less than 50% of the CG. Considering study limitations, we concluded that only one of the seven tested toothpastes exhibited the most desirable toothpaste characteristics for the worldwide growing elderly population (e.g. low cytotoxicity and low-abrasive potential).

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