Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Sorodiagnóstico da AIDS , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/prevenção & controle , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/transmissão , África , América Central , Estudos de Coortes , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Soropositividade para HIV , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , América do Sul , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Population figures were obtained, and incidence rates of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for the 12 months from June 1, 1983, to May 31, 1984, were estimated for single (never-married) men aged 15 years or older, intravenous (IV) drug users, Haitians living in the United States, persons with hemophilia A and B, female sexual contacts of male IV drug users, and blood transfusion recipients. Single men in San Francisco and Manhattan, IV drug users in New York City and New Jersey, hemophilia A patients, and recent Haitian entrants had the highest rates of disease (82.0 to 268.9 per 100,000). Male IV drug users and male Haitians were two to four times as likely to experience development of AIDS as were females in each group. Persons with hemophilia A had six times the incidence rate of AIDS as did those with hemophilia B. Persons with severe hemophilia A had three times the rate of those with moderate and seven times the rate of those with mild clotting factor deficiency. Although blood transfusion recipients and female sexual contacts of male IV drug users had much lower average yearly rates than did persons in the four other groups (0.4 to 9.4 per 100,000), they still had a higher incidence rate of AIDS than did persons not belonging to any of these groups (0.1 per 100,000).
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Transfusão de Sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Coito , Feminino , Haiti/etnologia , Hemofilia A/complicações , Hemofilia B/complicações , Humanos , Lactente , Injeções Intravenosas , Masculino , Casamento , Risco , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Estados Unidos , População UrbanaRESUMO
PIP: This review of the epidemiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) focuses on the AIDS virus, immunology, clinical manifestations, surveillance, epidemiologic studies, and prevention. Although no treatment has been able to reverse the immunodeficiency characteristic of AIDS, epidemiologic studies have identified the routes of transmission of this virus and thus suggest strategies for prevention. The number of reported cases of AIDS in the US is increasing rapidly. The 1st 1000 cases were reported over 17 months, the next 2000 were accumulated over 12 months, and an additional 3000 were recorded in only 11 months. 5 groups of patients account for 93% of all AIDS cases: homosexual and bisexual men (73%), intravenous drug abusers (17%), hemophiliacs (1%), sexual contacts of these groups (1%), and transfusion recipients (1%). Opportunistic infections and cancers are not equally distributed among the different risk groups, leading to speculation that a cofactor such as cytomegalovirus infection or exposure to nitrate inhalants may predispose individuals with AIDS to develop Kaposi's sarcoma, for example. Epidemiology has contributed significantly to the understanding and control of AIDS. In addition, AIDS research has contributed to the field of epidemiology, pointing to the need for combined efforts of acute and chronic disease epidemiologists as well as coordination with other specialties. Studies of AIDS have also pointed to the need for further epidemiologic research on the health problems of homosexual men, intravenous drug abusere, hemophiliacs, and transfusion recipients.^ieng
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/diagnóstico , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/etiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/prevenção & controle , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/transmissão , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Haiti/etnologia , Mão de Obra em Saúde , Hemofilia A/complicações , Homossexualidade , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Risco , Sarcoma de Kaposi/epidemiologia , Sarcoma de Kaposi/etiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Reação Transfusional , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Homosexual and heterosexual patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were compared by risk group. Race; diagnoses; history of sexually transmitted diseases, sexual behavior, and drug use; and socioeconomic indicators differed considerably among risk groups, suggesting different risk factors for acquisition of the syndrome. Patients in the homosexual, intravenous drug user, and Haitian risk groups differed in their serologic response to cytomegalovirus and syphilis testing, presumably due to lifestyle-related exposures. Differences in the rate of recovery of cytomegalovirus, serum levels of IgA and IgG, and antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus were noted among patients with different diagnoses. We conclude that in studies of risk factors for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, patients should be analyzed by risk group and diagnoses.