RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Using a life course perspective, this longitudinal study examines the extent to which prenatal family- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic factors influence the cardiometabolic health of low-income Mexican American children. It was hypothesized that prenatal maternal residence in a more economically disadvantaged neighborhood and more family-level economic hardship would each be associated with higher adiposity and blood pressure (BP) at child age 4.5 years, and higher adiposity, BP, inflammation and a less healthy lipid profile at child age 7.5 years. METHOD: The sample consisted of 322 low-income, Mexican American mother-child dyads, 181 of whom completed the 7.5-year laboratory visit. Using maternal prenatal residence and U.S. census data, neighborhood concentrated disadvantage index was computed. RESULTS: Higher prenatal neighborhood concentrated disadvantage predicted higher 4.5-year adiposity in children, which, in turn, predicted higher adiposity, BP, and inflammation, and less healthy lipid profile (higher triglycerides, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) at 7.5 years. Higher child 4.5-year BP was concurrently associated with higher adiposity and predicted higher 7.5-year BP. CONCLUSIONS: Extending previous work with this sample, the current study found associations between cardiometabolic risk indicators as early as preschool among Mexican American children. Furthermore, this study builds on existing literature by expanding our understanding of the effect of prenatal neighborhood concentrated disadvantage on cardiometabolic phenotypes during early childhood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Assuntos
Adiposidade , Fatores de Risco Cardiometabólico , Hipertensão , Americanos Mexicanos , Características da Vizinhança , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Inflamação , Lipídeos , Estudos Longitudinais , Obesidade , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde/etnologia , Adiposidade/etnologiaRESUMO
Relative to empirical studies on risk factors, less research has focused on culturally based protective factors that reduce the impact of discrimination on mental health. The current prospective study evaluated two potential moderators of the effect of discrimination on depressive symptoms among Mexican American women: individually held familism values and neighborhood cultural cohesion. Mexican-origin women in the United States (N = 322; mean age = 27.8 years; 86% born in Mexico) reported on frequency of discrimination, depressive symptoms, familism, and neighborhood cultural cohesion. Independent models evaluated familism and neighborhood cultural cohesion as moderators of the effect of discrimination on subsequent depressive symptoms. More frequent discrimination predicted higher subsequent depressive symptoms. High familism buffered the harmful effect of discrimination on depressive symptoms, such that more frequent discrimination was associated with higher subsequent depressive symptoms only for women who reported average and low familism. Neighborhood cultural cohesion did not buffer the effect of discrimination on depressive symptoms.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify distinct trajectories of BMI growth from 2 to 7.5 years and examine their associations with markers of cardiometabolic risk at age 7.5 years among a sample of low-income Mexican American children. METHODS: This longitudinal cohort study recruited 322 mother-child dyads to participate prenatally and at child age 2, 3, 4.5, 6, and 7.5 years. Child height/weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure were assessed at each time point. Blood was collected from child at 7.5 years. RESULTS: Covarying for birthweight, three BMI trajectories were identified: Low-Stable BMI (73% of the sample), High-Stable BMI (5.6% of the sample), and Increasing BMI over time (21.4% of the sample). The High-Stable and Increasing BMI classes had higher waist circumference and systolic blood pressure and lower HDL-c than the Low-Stable BMI class (ps < 0.05). Among children with BMIs below the 85th percentile, 16% had three or more cardiometabolic risk indicators. CONCLUSIONS: BMI classes were consistent with existing literature. For youth, standard medical practice is to examine cardiometabolic risk indicators when BMI is high; however, this practice would miss 16% of youth in our sample who exhibit cardiometabolic risk but do not screen in based on BMI. IMPACT: Research indicates Mexican American youth are at risk for cardiometabolic dysregulation relative to other ethnic groups, yet there is a paucity of longitudinal research. An Increasing BMI and a High-Stable BMI class were associated with larger waist circumference, higher systolic blood pressure, and lower HDL cholesterol than the Low-Stable BMI class. BMI trajectories in childhood predict cardiometabolic risk indicators. As the sole screener for deciding when to test cardiometabolic indicators, BMI alone will miss some children exhibiting cardiometabolic dysregulation.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Americanos Mexicanos , Criança , Humanos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Fatores de Risco , Circunferência da Cintura/fisiologia , Pré-EscolarRESUMO
Socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods increase the risk for poor mental health among residents, yet protective factors may operate alongside risk. This study evaluated the influence of the prenatal neighborhood ethnocultural context on child behavior problems and maternal depressive symptoms. Prenatal maternal role expectations, prenatal culture-specific stress, and postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms were evaluated as mediators. Participants included 322 low-income, Mexican American mother-child dyads. Women (Mage = 27.8) reported on proposed mediators, maternal depressive symptoms, and child behavior problems at 4.5 years. Neighborhood Latinx concentration was obtained from census data. Higher Latinx concentration predicted fewer maternal depressive symptoms and child behavior problems, mediated through role expectations and PPD symptoms. Results suggest prenatal neighborhood context to impact later maternal and child mental health.
Assuntos
Depressão Pós-Parto , Mães , Adulto , Depressão/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Saúde Mental , Americanos Mexicanos , Pobreza , GravidezRESUMO
Objective: Mexican American (MA) children are more likely to grow up in poverty than their non-Hispanic/Latinx white peers and are at an elevated risk for early onset obesity. The current study evaluated the effects of prenatal family- and neighborhood-level disadvantage on children's weight and weight gain from 12 months through 4.5 years of age. Maternal breastfeeding duration was evaluated as a potential mechanism underlying the relation between multilevel disadvantage and weight. Methods: Data was collected from 322 low-income, MA mother-child dyads. Women reported the degree of family socioeconomic disadvantage and breastfeeding status. Neighborhood disadvantage was evaluated with census-level metrics. Children's weight and height were measured at laboratory visits. Results: Greater prenatal neighborhood disadvantage predicted higher child Body Mass Index (BMI) at 12 months, over and above family-level disadvantage; this effect remained stable through 4.5 years. Breastfeeding duration partially mediated the effect of neighborhood disadvantage on child BMI. Breastfeeding duration predicted child BMI at all timepoints. Conclusions: Maternal prenatal residence in a neighborhood with high concentrated disadvantage may place low-income, MA children at increased risk of elevated weight status during the first few years of life. Breastfeeding duration emerged as potentially modifiable pathway through which the prenatal neighborhood impacts children's early life weight. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).