RESUMO
The prawn Macrobrachium borellii has lecithotrophic eggs with highly-abbreviated development. The major yolk component is lipovitellin (LV), a lipoprotein with 30% lipids (by weight). LV consumption during embryogenesis was followed by ELISA and Western blot analysis using an anti-LV polyclonal antibody. No cross-reacting proteins were observed and LV-like lipoproteins were strongly recognized by the antibody in hemolymph (vitellogenin), yolk (LV) and embryos (LVe), as determined by Western Blot analysis. LV decreased significantly along development from 9.4 to 1.1 microg/mg egg. Consumption rate of LV was slow in early embryogenesis, followed by a rapid utilization in late embryonic stages. Significant LVe amounts were still present at hatching. LV apolipoproteins were selectively degraded during embryo development, being the highest molecular weight subunit the most affected. Comparison among in vitro, in vivo and theoretical proteolysis suggested that trypsin may be involved in LV degradation during late embryogenesis. Embryo lipoprotein (HDLe) synthesis was first detected at stage 6. HDLe shared the same density, MW and subunit composition as adult hemolymph HDL(1) and did not cross-react with LV-like lipoproteins. Though expressed at low concentration, it fulfilled embryo needs for lipid transport among organs.
Assuntos
Proteínas do Ovo/metabolismo , Gema de Ovo/metabolismo , Lipoproteínas/metabolismo , Palaemonidae/metabolismo , Animais , Embrião não Mamífero/metabolismo , Palaemonidae/embriologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the linear growth characteristics of children with isolated cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), or both (CLP) and to determine whether this population is at risk for short stature. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review identified 324 patients with CL, CP, or CLP that displayed no additional congenital anomalies. Longitudinal height and growth rate analyses were performed on routine anthropometric measurements gathered from hospital and clinic records. One-sample t tests (p < 0.05) of average height percentiles were performed at yearly intervals. Analysis of variance was performed on clefting subgroups. RESULTS: From birth to 10 years of age, the average height of both male and female white patients is consistently near the 40th percentile. At yearly intervals, 60% of male and 70% of female average heights demonstrate statistical difference from the population mean. For all patients, 64% of male but only 36% of female growth rates, from 2.5 to 12 years of age, were above the population mean. CONCLUSIONS: White children from birth to 10 years of age with isolated CL, CP, or CLP demonstrated a mean height below the population mean. These data suggest that children with isolated clefting manifest an intrinsic tendency toward short stature. In addition, male patients display above-average growth rates, whereas female patients display below-average growth rates, from 2 to 18 years of age. The data imply that female patients may be at increased risk of overall short stature, whereas male patients may eventually obtain mean population height.
Assuntos
Fenda Labial/fisiopatologia , Fissura Palatina/fisiopatologia , Crescimento , Distribuição por Idade , Antropometria , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
Naphtho[2,3-b]thiophen-4,9-quinone and five derivatives were prepared using the Friedel-Crafts reaction and tandem-lithiation of aromatic diethylamides. These quinones were evaluated for their trypanocidal and anti-plasmodial activities by their effects on: (1) growth of epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro, (2) lysis of trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi in murine blood, (3) growth of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro, and (4) inhibition of the recombinant enzyme trypanothione reducatase. The parent compound, naphtho[2,3-b]thiophen-4,9-quinone (3a), was among the most active quinone tested in vitro against P. falciparum at 0.2 microM. However, it was inactive against P. berghei-infected mice treated with 2.3 mmol/kg daily for 5 days. Most of the quinones prepared were active against T. cruzi epimastigotes in culture but exhibited weak activity at 4 degrees C against trypomastigotes in murine blood as well against the enzyme trypanothione reducatase. Further structural modifications will be necessary to improve the in vivo activity of the naphthothiophenquinones.