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Recent attention has been given to animal feeding and its impact on human nutrition. Animal feeding is essential for meeting human dietary needs, making it a subject of significant interest and investigation. This review seeks to outline the current understanding of this disciplinary area, with a focus on key research areas and their potential implications. The initial part of the paper discusses the importance of animal feed resources and recognizes their crucial role in guaranteeing sufficient nutrition for both humans and animals. Furthermore, we analyzed the categorization of animal feeds based on the guidelines established by the National Research Council. This approach offers a valuable structure for comprehending and classifying diverse types of animal feed. Through an examination of this classification, we gain an understanding of the composition and nutritional content of various feedstuffs. We discuss the major categories of metabolites found in animal feed and their impact on animal nutrition, as well as their potential health advantages for humans. Flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, terpenoids, vitamins, antioxidants, alkaloids, and essential oils are the primary focus of the examination. Moreover, we analyzed their possible transference into animal products, and later we observed their occurrence in foods from animal sources. Finally, we discuss their potential to promote human health. This review offers an understanding of the connections among the major metabolites found in feedstuffs, their occurrence in animal products, and their possible impact on the health of both animals and humans.

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It is expected that the availability of forage for animals in the tropics will fluctuate in the future due to climate change. Ensiling of tropical forages constitutes a strategy to cope with food scarcity during long dry seasons. Tithonia diversifolia (TD), is a plant belonging to family Asteraceae, with a wide adaptation in tropical areas. A Rostock Fermentation Test (RFT) was performed to compare the ensilabillity potential among four epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from TD. Further, two experiments were designed 1) to evaluate the acidification potential of the best strain from the preliminary test (T735), and 2) to determine the ensilability of different levels of inclusion in the TD / PP mixture. For the first experiment, T735 and a blend of lactic acid-fermenting bacteria (BLB) decreased the pH rapidly. In experiment 2, different PP/TD ratios (0/100; 33/67; 67/33; 100/0) were ensiling, all inoculated with T735, (BLB) and their mixture. Increasing of grass PP in the mixtures brought about a fast drop in pH, facilitating TD ensilabillity. The use of T735 improved acidification and fermentation parameters of TD/PP silage.(AU)

Espera-se que a disponibilidade de forragem para animais nos trópicos flutue no futuro devido a mudanças climáticas. Silagem de forragem tropical é uma estratégia para lidar com a escassez de alimentos durante estações secas. Tithonia diversifolia (TD), é uma planta pertencente à família Asteraceae, rica em proteínas com ampla adaptação em zonas tropicais. Um teste de fermentação de Rostock (RFT) foi realizado para comparar a adequação potencial para silagem de quatro cepas isoladas de TD de bactérias epífitas ácido láticas (BAL). Assim, dois experimentos foram projetados: 1) avaliar o potencial de acidificação da melhor estirpe identificada em um teste preliminar (T735) e 2) determinar a capacidade de ensaio de diferentes níveis de inclusão na mistura TD/PP. Para o primeiro experimento, o T735 e uma mistura de fermentação BAL (BLB) diminuíram o pH mais rapidamente do que o controle. No experimento 2, diferentes proporções de PP/TD (0/100; 33/67; 67/33; 100/0) foram ensiladas, todas inoculadas com T735, (BLB) e sua mistura. O aumento da inclusão de PP nas misturas provocou uma rápida queda no pH, facilitando a ensilabilidade TD. O uso de T735 melhorou os parâmetros de acidificação e fermentação da silagem TD/PP.(AU)

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It is expected that the availability of forage for animals in the tropics will fluctuate in the future due to climate change. Ensiling of tropical forages constitutes a strategy to cope with food scarcity during long dry seasons. Tithonia diversifolia (TD), is a plant belonging to family Asteraceae, with a wide adaptation in tropical areas. A Rostock Fermentation Test (RFT) was performed to compare the ensilabillity potential among four epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from TD. Further, two experiments were designed 1) to evaluate the acidification potential of the best strain from the preliminary test (T735), and 2) to determine the ensilability of different levels of inclusion in the TD / PP mixture. For the first experiment, T735 and a blend of lactic acid-fermenting bacteria (BLB) decreased the pH rapidly. In experiment 2, different PP/TD ratios (0/100; 33/67; 67/33; 100/0) were ensiling, all inoculated with T735, (BLB) and their mixture. Increasing of grass PP in the mixtures brought about a fast drop in pH, facilitating TD ensilabillity. The use of T735 improved acidification and fermentation parameters of TD/PP silage.

Espera-se que a disponibilidade de forragem para animais nos trópicos flutue no futuro devido a mudanças climáticas. Silagem de forragem tropical é uma estratégia para lidar com a escassez de alimentos durante estações secas. Tithonia diversifolia (TD), é uma planta pertencente à família Asteraceae, rica em proteínas com ampla adaptação em zonas tropicais. Um teste de fermentação de Rostock (RFT) foi realizado para comparar a adequação potencial para silagem de quatro cepas isoladas de TD de bactérias epífitas ácido láticas (BAL). Assim, dois experimentos foram projetados: 1) avaliar o potencial de acidificação da melhor estirpe identificada em um teste preliminar (T735) e 2) determinar a capacidade de ensaio de diferentes níveis de inclusão na mistura TD/PP. Para o primeiro experimento, o T735 e uma mistura de fermentação BAL (BLB) diminuíram o pH mais rapidamente do que o controle. No experimento 2, diferentes proporções de PP/TD (0/100; 33/67; 67/33; 100/0) foram ensiladas, todas inoculadas com T735, (BLB) e sua mistura. O aumento da inclusão de PP nas misturas provocou uma rápida queda no pH, facilitando a ensilabilidade TD. O uso de T735 melhorou os parâmetros de acidificação e fermentação da silagem TD/PP.

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INTRODUCTION:   Marginalization is a significant issue in Mexico, involving a lack of access to health services with differential impacts on Indigenous, rural and urban populations. The objective of this study was to understand Mexico’s public health problem across three population areas, Indigenous, rural and urban, in relation to degree of marginalization and health service coverage. METHODS:   The sampling universe of the study consisted of 107 458 geographic locations in the country. The study was retrospective, comparative and confirmatory. The study applied analysis of variance, parametric and non-parametric, correlation and correspondence analyses. RESULTS:   Significant differences were identified between the Indigenous, rural and urban populations with respect to their level of marginalization and access to health services. The most affected area was Indigenous, followed by rural areas. The sector that was least affected was urban. CONCLUSIONS:   Although health coverage is highly concentrated in urban areas in Mexico, shortages are mostly concentrated in rural areas where Indigenous groups represent the extreme end of marginalization and access to medical coverage. Inadequate access to health services in the Indigenous and rural populations throws the gravity of the public health problem into relief.

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BACKGROUND: Obesity is a worldwide public health issue, reaching epidemic condition in developing countries associated to chronic diseases. Oxidative damage is another side effect of obesity. Antioxidant activity from plant components regulates at some extent this imbalance. Main goal of the present study was to determine the antioxidant activity and protection against oxidative-induced damage of Acacia shaffneri (AS) and Acacia farnesiana (AF) pods extracts. METHODS: To evaluated antioxidant activity and radical scavenging capacity of AS and AF extracts, two experiments were performed: 1) pods extracts were challenged against H2O2 using kidney cells in an in vitro assay; and 2) (Meriones unguiculatus) was employed in an in vivo assay to observe the effect of pods extracts on scavenging properties in plasma. RESULTS: Both pods extracts presented an important protective effect on radical scavenging capacity against ABTS• + and DPPH(+), and also in TBARS formation in vitro. Vegetal pods extracts did not induce any pro-oxidative effect when added to kidney cells in DMEM. Cells damage in DMEM with addition of H2O2 was significantly higher than those when vegetal pods extracts were added at 50 (P < 0.05) or 200 ppm (P < 0.001). Plasma scavenging properties presented an important dose-dependent positive effect in those groups where pods extracts were administered. CONCLUSIONS: The antioxidant protection of the acacia pods extracts reported in this study suggests the possible transference of antioxidant components and protective effects to animal products (milk, meat, and by-products) from Acacia pods when this vegetation is included in the diet. In order to evaluate, the possible transference of theirs antioxidant components to animal products, the incorporation of these non-conventional resources to ruminant feeding is a good opportunity of study. Profiling of Acacia farnesiana pods extract is necessary to identify the responsible bioactive compounds of protective properties.

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Organic agriculture and livestock farming is claimed to promote animal welfare and can offer animal products with better hygienic-sanitary quality, based on principles of health, ecology, fairness, and care. However, no clear advantages of organic milk (OM) versus conventional milk (CM) from tropical conditions are available. The aims of the study were to determine fatty acid profile, health-promoting (HPI) and thrombogenic (TI) indices, physicochemical composition, and somatic cell counts (SCC) of OM and CM in tropical south-eastern Mexico. Female cross-breed cows (400-600 kg) were employed. CM had larger values of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (63.6 %; 4.57 %) than OM (61.48 %; 4.22 %), while OM resulted in a larger value of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (34.3 %) than CM (31.7 %). HPI and TI showed that OM was more favorable than CM. Milk production and physicochemical composition (PC) as well as density had no significant difference, while SCC was significantly lower in OM than in CM on a monthly basis. These results showed that OM promotes a healthful and balanced diet, and is already produced by sustainable ecologic technologies employing traditional agrosilvopastoral management, which is more environmentally friendly and promotes ecological resilience.

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