RESUMO

Clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters in Pega donkeys are scarce in the literature; hence, this study was performed to describe the echocardiographic and electrocardiographic measurements in Pega breed donkeys. The objectives of this study were to describe and illustrate the clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic parameters in Pega donkeys used for reproduction. Fifty Pega breed donkeys were evaluated, with an average age of 3.4 years and with 20 males and 30 females. In each animal, the electrocardiographic examination at rest was performed using the TEB® computerized system, and the echocardiographic examination was performed using an ultrasound device with a Doppler function multifrequency sectorial transducer in 2D mode (Sonosite® M turbo). Standardizing the electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters for the Pega breed donkey can contribute to future assessments regarding possible changes that excessive effort can promote in these parameters to a management engrossed on animal welfare.

RESUMO

A leishmaniose visceral canina é uma doença de caráter zoonótico, acometendo os seres humanos e diversas espécies de animais silvestres e domésticos. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o uso da miltefosina no tratamento clínico de cães com leishmaniose visceral. Trata- se de uma revisão de literatura, a qual foi realizada por meio de consultas à periódicos e livros presentes na biblioteca do Cesmac. Foram utilizadas bases de dados como: portal Capes, SCIELO, Google Acadêmico; pesquisa em monografias, teses e dissertações. Causada pelo protozoário Leishmania chagasi, sendo o cão doméstico o principal reservatório desse protozoário. Por representar um problema grave de saúde pública e ser considerada uma doença potencialmente fatal (quando não tratada precocemente e adequadamente), faz- se importante que o clínico esteja familiarizado com os sinais clínicos, exames complementares e principais protocolos terapêuticos, em especial a utilização da miltefosina no tratamento da leishmaniose visceral em cães. Por ser uma zoonose que causa graves problemas de saúde pública e que vem crescendo cada vez mais no Brasil, cabe aos médicos veterinários assumirem o compromisso na conscientização sobre a importância do diagnóstico precoce além de promoverem o bem-estar animal e a saúde pública.(AU)

Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease, affecting humans and several species of wild and domestic animals. The objective of the present study was to carry out a literature review on the use of miltefosine in the clinical treatment of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis. This is a literature review, which was carried out through consultations with periodicals and books present in the Cesmac library. Databases such as: Capes portal, SCIELO, Google Scholar; research in monographs, theses and dissertations. Caused by the protozoan Leishmania chagasi, with the domestic dog being the main reservoir of this protozoan. As it represents a serious public health problem and is considered a potentially fatal disease (when not treated early and properly), it is important that the clinician is familiar with the clinical signs, complementary exams and main therapeutic protocols, especially the use of miltefosine in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs. As it is a zoonosis that causes serious public health problems and that has been growing more and more in Brazil, it is up to veterinarians to make a commitment to raise awareness of the importance of early diagnosis in addition to promoting animal welfare and public health.(AU)

La leishmaniosis visceral canina es una enfermedad zoonótica que afecta a los seres humanos y a varias especies de animales salvajes y domésticos. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre el uso de la miltefosina en el tratamiento clínico de perros con leishmaniosis visceral. Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica, que se realizó mediante consultas a publicaciones periódicas y libros presentes en la biblioteca del Cesmac. Se utilizaron bases de datos como: portal Capes, SCIELO, Google Académico; investigación en monografías, tesis y disertaciones. Causada por el protozoo Leishmania chagasi, siendo el perro doméstico el principal reservorio de este protozoo. Dado que representa un grave problema de salud pública y se considera una enfermedad potencialmente mortal (cuando no se trata de forma temprana y adecuada), es importante que el clínico esté familiarizado con los signos clínicos, las pruebas adicionales y los principales protocolos terapéuticos, especialmente el uso de miltefosina en el tratamiento de la leishmaniosis visceral en perros. Siendo una zoonosis que causa graves problemas de salud pública y que viene creciendo cada vez más en Brasil, corresponde a los veterinarios asumir el compromiso de concienciar sobre la importancia del diagnóstico precoz y promover el bienestar animal y la salud pública.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A reabilitação animal na medicina veterinária é um campo recente, porém crescente a cada dia. Neste sentido, a fisioterapia veterinária atua trazendo inúmeros benefícios, como melhoria dos movimentos, redução da dor, edema e outras. Interfere ainda no tempo de recuperação, redução de custos para o proprietário, podendo ser hoje utilizada como um tratamento na recuperação pós-cirúrgica. Desta forma, objetivou-se relatar o uso da fisioterapia em uma bezerra com poliartrite e paresia neuromuscular. O animal apresentou um aumento de volume nas articulações cárpicas e társicas após histórico de onfalite, permanecendo em decúbito esternal por vários dias. O proprietário resolveu aplicar ferro dextrano na região glútea do animal, o que causou uma lesão de nervo isquiático. Foram instituídos protocolos medicamentosos e fisioterápicos, que culminaram no estímulo da marcha, propriocepção, além de hipertrofia muscular. Porém, em virtude de complicações resultantes de onfalite, o animal veio a óbito.(AU)

Animal rehabilitation in veterinary medicine is a recent field, but growing every day. In this sense, veterinary physiotherapy works bringing numerous benefits, such as improved movements, reduced pain, edema and others. Reducing the recovery time, reducing costs for the owner, and today it can be used as a treatment in post-surgical recovery. In this sense, the objective was to report the use of physiotherapy in a heifer with polyarthritis and neuromuscular paresis. The animal showed an increase in volume in the carpal and tarsal joints after a history of omphalitis, remaining in sternal decubitus for several days. The owner decided to apply iron dextran to the animal's gluteal region, which caused an injury to the sciatic nerve. Medicinal and physical therapy protocols were instituted, which culminated in the stimulation of gait, proprioception, in addition to muscle hypertrophy. However, due to complications resulting from omphalitis, the animal died.(AU)

La rehabilitación animal en medicina veterinaria es un campo reciente, pero en crecimiento cada día. En este sentido, la fisioterapia veterinaria actúa aportando numerosos beneficios, como mejora de los movimientos, reducción del dolor, edemas y otros. Disminución del tiempo de recuperación, reducción de costos para el propietario, pudiendo ser utilizado hoy en día como tratamiento en la recuperación posquirúrgica. En ese sentido, el objetivo fue reportar el uso de fisioterapia en una vaquilla con poliartritis y paresia neuromuscular. El animal presentó un aumento de volumen en las articulaciones del carpo y del tarso tras un antecedente de onfalitis, permaneciendo en decúbito esternal durante varios días. El propietario decidió aplicar hierro dextrano en la región glútea del animal, lo que provocó una lesión en el nervio ciático. Se instauraron protocolos farmacológicos y de fisioterapia, que culminaron con estimulación de la marcha, propiocepción, además de hipertrofia muscular. Sin embargo, debido a complicaciones derivadas de la onfalitis, el animal falleció.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A leishmaniose visceral canina é uma doença de caráter zoonótico, acometendo os seres humanos e diversas espécies de animais silvestres e domésticos. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o uso da miltefosina no tratamento clínico de cães com leishmaniose visceral. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, a qual foi realizada por meio de consultas à periódicos e livros presentes na biblioteca do Cesmac. Foram utilizadas bases de dados como: portal Capes, SCIELO, Google Acadêmico; pesquisa em monografias, teses e dissertações. Causada pelo protozoário Leishmania chagasi, sendo o cão doméstico o principal reservatório desse protozoário. Por representar um problema grave de saúde pública e ser considerada uma doença potencialmente fatal (quando não tratada precocemente e adequadamente), faz-se importante que o clínico esteja familiarizado com os sinais clínicos, exames complementares e principais protocolos terapêuticos, em especial a utilização da miltefosina no tratamento da leishmaniose visceral em cães. Por ser uma zoonose que causa graves problemas de saúde pública e que vem crescendo cada vez mais no Brasil, cabe aos médicos veterinários assumirem o compromisso na conscientização sobre a importância do diagnóstico precoce além de promoverem o bem-estar animal e a saúde pública.

RESUMO

In human neonates, when the umbilical cord is kept intact postpartum, blood continues to flow to the neonate, but this procedure might be difficult in dogs owing to a shorter umbilical cord and several neonates in a litter. However, it might be possible to detach the placenta and keep the umbilical cord intact, allowing residual blood to flow to the puppies. This study compared the effects of clamping versus no clamping of the umbilical cord in dogs born by cesarean section on neonatal vitality. The puppies were assessed by Apgar and reflex scores. Fifty puppies delivered from 16 bitches were randomly allocated to receive immediate umbilical cord clamping (n=25) or no clamping for at least 3 min after the onset of breathing (n=25). The puppies were assessed during the first 5 min of life and 10 min after the first assessment. The no clamping group showed significantly higher Apgar scores (second assessment, P<0.01) and reflex scores (first and second assessments, P<0.05) than the clamping group, implying higher vitality in the no clamping group. The differences observed between the moments (first versus second assessment) of each group was significant (P<0.01), revealing higher vitality in the second assessment. The results suggest that keeping the umbilical cord intact for at least 3 min after the onset of breathing may contribute to increased vitality in puppies delivered by cesarean section without any negative consequences.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Así que un problema se divulga como patología en un sistema orgánico es necesaria que sea revisado y Comparado con el normal. Pocos estudios han informado de este patrón en el sistema cardiovascular del recién nacidos ovejas dejando un espacio con respecto a las diferencias entre recién nacidos y adultos. Durante el primer mes de vida se producen las cardiocirculatórias principales adaptaciones que permiten a los individuos llegar a la edad adulta. De esta revisión de literatura pretende discutir algunos de los principales métodos de evaluación cardiovasculares de ovínos recién nacidos, teniendo en cuenta el electrocardiograma, ecodopplercardiogram, examen radiográfico de tórax y la presión arterial sistémica, como los principales procedimientos, porque son métodos de diagnóstico importantes, utilizados principalmente para detectar no sólo los cambios del corazón como también para el análisis de la función normal del corazón.(AU)

To report a problem like as pathologic in an organic system is necessary for it to be reviewed and compared to standard. Few studies have reported this pattern in the cardiac system of newborn sheep leaving a gap with regard to differences between these and the adults of the same species. During the first month of life occur the main cardiocirculation adaptations that allow individuals to reach adulthood. This literature review aims to discuss some of the main methods of evaluation of the cardiovascular system of ovine neonate, considering the electrocardiogram, echodopplercardiogram, chest radiographic examination and systemic arterial pressure as the main procedures to be important diagnostic methods, mainly used to detect not only the heart changes as also for analysis of the normal function of the heart.(AU)

Para que um problema seja relatado como patologia em um sistema orgânico é necessário que ele seja analisado e comparado ao padrão de normalidade. Poucos estudos relatam esse padrão no sistema cardiovascular de ovinos recém-nascidos deixando uma lacuna no que diz respeito às diferenças entre neonatos e os adultos. Durante o primeiro mês de vida ocorrem as principais adaptações cardiocirculatórias que permitirão ao indivíduo chegar à vida adulta. A presente revisão de literatura tem por objetivo discorrer sobre alguns dos principais métodos de avaliação cardiovascular do neonato ovino, considerando o eletrocardiograma, o ecodopplercardiograma, o exame radiográfico torácico e a pressão arterial sistêmica, como os principais procedimentos, por serem métodos diagnósticos importantes, utilizados principalmente para a detecção não somente das alterações cardíacas como, também, para análise da função normal do coração.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Así que un problema se divulga como patología en un sistema orgánico es necesaria que sea revisado y Comparado con el normal. Pocos estudios han informado de este patrón en el sistema cardiovascular del recién nacidos ovejas dejando un espacio con respecto a las diferencias entre recién nacidos y adultos. Durante el primer mes de vida se producen las cardiocirculatórias principales adaptaciones que permiten a los individuos llegar a la edad adulta. De esta revisión de literatura pretende discutir algunos de los principales métodos de evaluación cardiovasculares de ovínos recién nacidos, teniendo en cuenta el electrocardiograma, ecodopplercardiogram, examen radiográfico de tórax y la presión arterial sistémica, como los principales procedimientos, porque son métodos de diagnóstico importantes, utilizados principalmente para detectar no sólo los cambios del corazón como también para el análisis de la función normal del corazón.

To report a problem like as pathologic in an organic system is necessary for it to be reviewed and compared to standard. Few studies have reported this pattern in the cardiac system of newborn sheep leaving a gap with regard to differences between these and the adults of the same species. During the first month of life occur the main cardiocirculation adaptations that allow individuals to reach adulthood. This literature review aims to discuss some of the main methods of evaluation of the cardiovascular system of ovine neonate, considering the electrocardiogram, echodopplercardiogram, chest radiographic examination and systemic arterial pressure as the main procedures to be important diagnostic methods, mainly used to detect not only the heart changes as also for analysis of the normal function of the heart.

Para que um problema seja relatado como patologia em um sistema orgânico é necessário que ele seja analisado e comparado ao padrão de normalidade. Poucos estudos relatam esse padrão no sistema cardiovascular de ovinos recém-nascidos deixando uma lacuna no que diz respeito às diferenças entre neonatos e os adultos. Durante o primeiro mês de vida ocorrem as principais adaptações cardiocirculatórias que permitirão ao indivíduo chegar à vida adulta. A presente revisão de literatura tem por objetivo discorrer sobre alguns dos principais métodos de avaliação cardiovascular do neonato ovino, considerando o eletrocardiograma, o ecodopplercardiograma, o exame radiográfico torácico e a pressão arterial sistêmica, como os principais procedimentos, por serem métodos diagnósticos importantes, utilizados principalmente para a detecção não somente das alterações cardíacas como, também, para análise da função normal do coração.

Assuntos

RESUMO

For the interpretation and evaluation of electrocardiography, it is necessary to know the species electrocardiographic patterns, as well as the breed and age of the animal. The objective of this study was to describe the electrocardiographic characteristics in neonate foals of Paint Horse breed and in clinically normal pregnant mares. We evaluated 20 animals of each category. The maternal electrocardiographic examinations were performed at 15 and 7 days preterm; the neonatal echocardiographic examinations were performed at birth up to 48 hours postpartum, and thereafter once a week up to 35 days of age. For each electrocardiographic record, the heart rate (HR), cardiac electrical axis, rhythm alterations, wave lengths and amplitudes, and electrocardiographic intervals were analyzed. During the first 48 hours of life of the equine neonate, sinus tachycardia and ventricular arrhythmias were observed. In foals during the first month of age, a predominance of sinus rhythm was observed, with a decrease in HR and R-wave amplitude, and an increase in PR, QT, and RR intervals over the course of days. In pregnant mares, no significant changes were found in the electrocardiographic tracings when compared to that of healthy adult horses. The results of this study demonstrated the influence of age and growth on electrocardiographic parameters.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

For the interpretation and evaluation of electrocardiography, it is necessary to know the species electrocardiographic patterns, as well as the breed and age of the animal. The objective of this study was to describe the electrocardiographic characteristics in neonate foals of Paint Horse breed and in clinically normal pregnant mares. We evaluated 20 animals of each category. The maternal electrocardiographic examinations were performed at 15 and 7 days preterm; the neonatal echocardiographic examinations were performed at birth up to 48 hours postpartum, and thereafter once a week up to 35 days of age. For each electrocardiographic record, the heart rate (HR), cardiac electrical axis, rhythm alterations, wave lengths and amplitudes, and electrocardiographic intervals were analyzed. During the first 48 hours of life of the equine neonate, sinus tachycardia and ventricular arrhythmias were observed. In foals during the first month of age, a predominance of sinus rhythm was observed, with a decrease in HR and R-wave amplitude, and an increase in PR, QT, and RR intervals over the course of days. In pregnant mares, no significant changes were found in the electrocardiographic tracings when compared to that of healthy adult horses. The results of this study demonstrated the influence of age and growth on electrocardiographic parameters.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Muitas biotecnologias estão sendo desenvolvidas visando a conservação do material genético de garanhões de alto valor zootécnico. Dentre estas pode-se destacar a colheita de espermatozoides do epidídimo de animais que sofreram algum trauma ou enfermidade que impossibilitem a colheita do sêmen, óbito ou eutanásia. Porém essas células espermáticas não entram em contato com o plasma seminal, importante por conter proteínas que participam de processos relacionados à proteção e ligação dos espermatozoides aos reservatórios espermáticos na tuba uterina. Neste sentido, sugere-se que ocorram alterações bioquímicas nas células espermáticas do epidídimo. Objetivou-se com esta revisão, estudar as principais diferenças morfofuncionais entre os espermatozoides provenientes do epidídimo e do ejaculado de equinos.(AU)

Several biotechnologies are being developed aiming genetic material conservation of stallions with high zootechnical value, as we can highlight the harvest epididymiss sperm of animals who suffered trauma or illness that makes impossible the semen collection, death or euthanasia. However these sperm cells do not get in touch with seminal plasma, important whereas it has proteins that participate in processes related to the protection and binding of sperm to the sperm reservoir in the oviduct. In this sense, it suggests that there are significant biochemical changes in epididymal sperm. This review aimed to study the main morphological and functional differences between the sperm from the epididymis and ejaculated in horses.(AU)

Muchas biotecnologías desarrolladas actualmente son direccionadas a la conservación del material genético de garañones de alto valor zootécnico. Dentro de estas se destacan la colecta de espermatozoides de epidídimo de animales que sufrieron algún trauma o enfermedad que imposibilita la colecta de semen, y de animales que murieron o fueron eutanasiados. Las células espermáticas del epidídimo no entran en contacto con el plasma seminal, importante porque contiene proteínas que participan en procesos relacionados con la protección y ligación de los espermatozoides al reservorio espermático en el oviducto uterino. En este sentido, se sugiere que existen importantes alteraciones bioquímicas en las células espermáticas del epidídimo, por tanto el motivo de esta revisión es estudiar las principales diferencias morfo funcionales entre los espermatozoides provenientes del epidídimo y los provenientes del eyaculado en caballos.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Muitas biotecnologias estão sendo desenvolvidas visando a conservação do material genético de garanhões de alto valor zootécnico. Dentre estas pode-se destacar a colheita de espermatozoides do epidídimo de animais que sofreram algum trauma ou enfermidade que impossibilitem a colheita do sêmen, óbito ou eutanásia. Porém essas células espermáticas não entram em contato com o plasma seminal, importante por conter proteínas que participam de processos relacionados à proteção e ligação dos espermatozoides aos reservatórios espermáticos na tuba uterina. Neste sentido, sugere-se que ocorram alterações bioquímicas nas células espermáticas do epidídimo. Objetivou-se com esta revisão, estudar as principais diferenças morfofuncionais entre os espermatozoides provenientes do epidídimo e do ejaculado de equinos.

Several biotechnologies are being developed aiming genetic material conservation of stallions with high zootechnical value, as we can highlight the harvest epididymis’s sperm of animals who suffered trauma or illness that makes impossible the semen collection, death or euthanasia. However these sperm cells do not get in touch with seminal plasma, important whereas it has proteins that participate in processes related to the protection and binding of sperm to the sperm reservoir in the oviduct. In this sense, it suggests that there are significant biochemical changes in epididymal sperm. This review aimed to study the main morphological and functional differences between the sperm from the epididymis and ejaculated in horses.

Muchas biotecnologías desarrolladas actualmente son direccionadas a la conservación del material genético de garañones de alto valor zootécnico. Dentro de estas se destacan la colecta de espermatozoides de epidídimo de animales que sufrieron algún trauma o enfermedad que imposibilita la colecta de semen, y de animales que murieron o fueron eutanasiados. Las células espermáticas del epidídimo no entran en contacto con el plasma seminal, importante porque contiene proteínas que participan en procesos relacionados con la protección y ligación de los espermatozoides al reservorio espermático en el oviducto uterino. En este sentido, se sugiere que existen importantes alteraciones bioquímicas en las células espermáticas del epidídimo, por tanto el motivo de esta revisión es estudiar las principales diferencias morfo funcionales entre los espermatozoides provenientes del epidídimo y los provenientes del eyaculado en caballos.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Veterinary cardiology, especially electrocardiography, has shown major advancements for all animal species. Consequently, the number of ovine species used as experimental animals has increased to date. Few studies have been published on ovine systematic electrocardiography, particularly with respect to lamb physiology and neonatology. This study aimed to standardize the values of normal waves, complexes, and intervals of the electrocardiogram (ECG) in clinically Bergamasca healthy neonatal lambs, used as experimental animals. Serial computerized electrocardiography was performed in 10 male and 12 female neonates on the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, and 35th days of age. The following parameters were analyzed: heart rate and rhythm, duration and amplitude of waves, duration of intervals, and heart electrical axis. RESULTS: During the first 35 days of life, (1) the sinusal heart rhythm was predominant, (2) there was a progressive decrease in the heart rate and R and T wave amplitude, and (3) a progressive increase in the PR, QT, and RR intervals. Finally, we confirmed that various components of neonatal evolution were more discernible in the augmented unipolar leads (aVF), which we recommend should be preferentially used in future studies. No significant statistical alterations were observed between males and females in relation to the analyzed parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The information assimilated in this study is anticipated to enhance the diagnosis of multiple congenital heart defects in Bergamasca lambs and could be implemented in studies that use ovine species as experimental models.

Assuntos

RESUMO

El período neonatal se caracteriza por una fase de adaptación fisiológica y metabólica, donde los sistemas orgánicos tienen que cumplir con los nuevos desafíos de la vida extrauterina. El conocimiento de la fisiología, el vigor del neonato y la rápida intervención, con respecto a la reanimación, son esenciales para reducir la mortalidad neonatal. Esta revisión de la literatura tiene como objetivo analizar algunos de los principales métodos de evaluación de la vitalidad del neonato equino, teniendo en cuenta la puntuación de Apgar, el análisis de gases en la sangre, el metabolismo de la glucosa y el lactato y del electrocardiograma como los principales procedimientos, además enfatizar los resultados de los estudios que han utilizado esos métodos de evaluación.(AU)

The neonatal period is characterized by a phase of physiological and metabolic adaptation, where organic systems need to meet the new challenges of extrauterine life. Knowledge of physiology, the vigor of infant and early intervention, with regard to resuscitation, are essential to reducing neonatal mortality. This literature review aims to discuss some of the main methods of assessing the vitality of the equine neonate, considering the Apgar score, blood gas analysis, glucose and lactate metabolism and electrocardiography as the main procedures and highlights the results of studies that used these methods.(AU)

O período neonatal caracteriza-se por uma fase de adaptação fisiológica e metabólica, onde os sistemas orgânicos precisam atender aos novos desafios da vida extrauterina. O conhecimento da fisiologia, a avaliação do vigor do neonato e uma rápida intervenção, no que diz respeito à reanimação, são essenciais para a diminuição da mortalidade neonatal. A presente revisão de literatura tem por objetivo discorrer sobre alguns dos principais métodos de avaliação da vitalidade do neonato equino, considerando-se o escore de Apgar, hemogasometria, metabolismo da glicose e lactato e eletrocardiografia como os principais procedimentos, além de ressaltar os resultados dos estudos que utilizaram esses métodos de avaliação.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: The neonatal period is characterized as a physiological and metabolic adaptation phase, when organic systems need to face new challenges from extra uterine life. The knowledge in physiology, the evaluation of the newborn vigor and a fast intervention regarding to resuscitation, are essentials to decrease neonatal mortality. The aim of this study is to improve the understanding about clinical and laboratory evaluations of newborn foals through the determination of preventive or corrective methods, observe changes and describe the electrolytic blood gas and electrocardiographic profiles of Paint Horse foals in their first 48 h of life.Material, Methods & Results: Twenty foals born in eutocia were evaluated at birth, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36 and 48 h thereafter. Clinical examinations (heart rate, respiratory rate and temperature), blood gas and electrocardiography were performed in all moments. No significant differences were observed in blood gas parameters during the analysis. Significant increases (P < 0.001) occurred in body temperature at birth, at 20 h and 36 h after foaling. The animals showed significant decreases in anion gap at birth, at 16 h and 24 h (P < 0.01); in sodium levels from birth to 20 h, and at 24 h (P < 0.001) and potassium levels between 4 h and 48 h after birth (P < 0.05); these concentrations were associated with variations in the electrocardiographic parameters. The electrocardiogram resulted in progressive decreases in QT interval, and in lengh and amplitude of T wave. There were negative correlations between QT interval and T wave amplitude at 16 h (ρ = -0.56, P = 0.009), the QT interval and cell volume at 24 h (R = -0.48, P = 0.03), the QT interval and hemoglobin level at 24 h (R = -0.48, P = 0.03), and the QT interval and temperature at 36 h (R = -0.057, P = 0.007).[...](AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

El período neonatal se caracteriza por una fase de adaptación fisiológica y metabólica, donde los sistemas orgánicos tienen que cumplir con los nuevos desafíos de la vida extrauterina. El conocimiento de la fisiología, el vigor del neonato y la rápida intervención, con respecto a la reanimación, son esenciales para reducir la mortalidad neonatal. Esta revisión de la literatura tiene como objetivo analizar algunos de los principales métodos de evaluación de la vitalidad del neonato equino, teniendo en cuenta la puntuación de Apgar, el análisis de gases en la sangre, el metabolismo de la glucosa y el lactato y del electrocardiograma como los principales procedimientos, además enfatizar los resultados de los estudios que han utilizado esos métodos de evaluación.

The neonatal period is characterized by a phase of physiological and metabolic adaptation, where organic systems need to meet the new challenges of extrauterine life. Knowledge of physiology, the vigor of infant and early intervention, with regard to resuscitation, are essential to reducing neonatal mortality. This literature review aims to discuss some of the main methods of assessing the vitality of the equine neonate, considering the Apgar score, blood gas analysis, glucose and lactate metabolism and electrocardiography as the main procedures and highlights the results of studies that used these methods.

O período neonatal caracteriza-se por uma fase de adaptação fisiológica e metabólica, onde os sistemas orgânicos precisam atender aos novos desafios da vida extrauterina. O conhecimento da fisiologia, a avaliação do vigor do neonato e uma rápida intervenção, no que diz respeito à reanimação, são essenciais para a diminuição da mortalidade neonatal. A presente revisão de literatura tem por objetivo discorrer sobre alguns dos principais métodos de avaliação da vitalidade do neonato equino, considerando-se o escore de Apgar, hemogasometria, metabolismo da glicose e lactato e eletrocardiografia como os principais procedimentos, além de ressaltar os resultados dos estudos que utilizaram esses métodos de avaliação.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: The neonatal period is characterized as a physiological and metabolic adaptation phase, when organic systems need to face new challenges from extra uterine life. The knowledge in physiology, the evaluation of the newborn vigor and a fast intervention regarding to resuscitation, are essentials to decrease neonatal mortality. The aim of this study is to improve the understanding about clinical and laboratory evaluations of newborn foals through the determination of preventive or corrective methods, observe changes and describe the electrolytic blood gas and electrocardiographic profiles of Paint Horse foals in their first 48 h of life.Material, Methods & Results: Twenty foals born in eutocia were evaluated at birth, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36 and 48 h thereafter. Clinical examinations (heart rate, respiratory rate and temperature), blood gas and electrocardiography were performed in all moments. No significant differences were observed in blood gas parameters during the analysis. Significant increases (P < 0.001) occurred in body temperature at birth, at 20 h and 36 h after foaling. The animals showed significant decreases in anion gap at birth, at 16 h and 24 h (P < 0.01); in sodium levels from birth to 20 h, and at 24 h (P < 0.001) and potassium levels between 4 h and 48 h after birth (P < 0.05); these concentrations were associated with variations in the electrocardiographic parameters. The electrocardiogram resulted in progressive decreases in QT interval, and in lengh and amplitude of T wave. There were negative correlations between QT interval and T wave amplitude at 16 h (ρ = -0.56, P = 0.009), the QT interval and cell volume at 24 h (R = -0.48, P = 0.03), the QT interval and hemoglobin level at 24 h (R = -0.48, P = 0.03), and the QT interval and temperature at 36 h (R = -0.057, P = 0.007).[...]

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: The management of newborn lambs from birth until weaning has an impact on herd productivity, i.e., theeconomic return will depend on the survival of the offspring. Physiological parameters must be carefully analysed according to the age of the animal to establish a diagnosis and treatment plan. Therefore, the aim of this study was to monitorthe physiological parameters (temperature, body weight, heart rate and respiration) between birth and 15 days of age, andbetween 24 h and 35 days to validate such parameters during these critical periods and for neonatal adaption in sheepMaterials, Methods & Results: Two studies were carried out to analyse the physiological parameters of rectal temperature(°C), body weight (BW), heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) in male and female lambs of the Bergamasca breedmaintained under identical conditions of management (intensive farming system). The fi rst study used lambs (n = 29) frombirth up to 15 days of age evaluated immediately after birth and at 24, 48, 72, 7 and 15 days of age. In the second study,lambs (n = 22) were evaluated at 1 day of age and then weekly at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of age. Linear models for repeated measures were used to compare the averages of each variable-response between the times studied. Tukey’s methodwas used to adjust the resulting P-values of multiple comparisons between time-points. The level of statistical signifi cancefor the fi rst and second study was 1% (P < 0.01) and 5% (P < 0.05), respectively. There were no signifi cant differences inrespiratory rate with increasing age in either of the two studies (P < 0.01; P < 0.05). In both studies, there was a positivecorrelation between variations in rectal temperature (average: 39.1 ± 0.58°C; P < 0.01 and 39.5 ± 0.28°C; P < 0.05) andsignifi cant decreases in heart rate (159.4 ± 15.6 bpm, P < 0.01 and 167.5 ± 12.89 bpm, P < 0.05). In the fi rst study, the...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: The management of newborn lambs from birth until weaning has an impact on herd productivity, i.e., theeconomic return will depend on the survival of the offspring. Physiological parameters must be carefully analysed according to the age of the animal to establish a diagnosis and treatment plan. Therefore, the aim of this study was to monitorthe physiological parameters (temperature, body weight, heart rate and respiration) between birth and 15 days of age, andbetween 24 h and 35 days to validate such parameters during these critical periods and for neonatal adaption in sheepMaterials, Methods & Results: Two studies were carried out to analyse the physiological parameters of rectal temperature(°C), body weight (BW), heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) in male and female lambs of the Bergamasca breedmaintained under identical conditions of management (intensive farming system). The fi rst study used lambs (n = 29) frombirth up to 15 days of age evaluated immediately after birth and at 24, 48, 72, 7 and 15 days of age. In the second study,lambs (n = 22) were evaluated at 1 day of age and then weekly at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of age. Linear models for repeated measures were used to compare the averages of each variable-response between the times studied. Tukeys methodwas used to adjust the resulting P-values of multiple comparisons between time-points. The level of statistical signifi cancefor the fi rst and second study was 1% (P < 0.01) and 5% (P < 0.05), respectively. There were no signifi cant differences inrespiratory rate with increasing age in either of the two studies (P < 0.01; P < 0.05). In both studies, there was a positivecorrelation between variations in rectal temperature (average: 39.1 ± 0.58°C; P < 0.01 and 39.5 ± 0.28°C; P < 0.05) andsignifi cant decreases in heart rate (159.4 ± 15.6 bpm, P < 0.01 and 167.5 ± 12.89 bpm, P < 0.05). In the fi rst study, the...(AU)

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