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BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the primary cause of death and disability globally, with elevated cholesterol as one of the leading risk factors for CVD. We describe the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and effectiveness of evolocumab in treating hyperlipidemia. METHODS: Observational study conducted through a chart review of patients with hyperlipidemia receiving evolocumab as part of clinical management in Colombia. RESULTS: This study included 115 patients treated with evolocumab. A total of 101 patients (87.8%) had a history of CVD, 13 (11.3%) familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), and 23 (20%) type 2 diabetes. Thirty-nine patients reported intolerance to any statin (33.9%). The median value of LDL-C before initiation of evolocumab was 147mg/dL (IQR: 122.5-183.7mg/dL). Within the first 3 months of treatment, LDL-C value dropped to a median value of 53mg/dL (IQR: 34.0-95.5mg/dL), showing a reduction of 63.9%. The median LDL-C values remained below 45mg/dL until the end of follow-up. Among the patients with available data, up to 61% achieved an LDL-C level below 55mg/dL at the 10-12-month follow-up. A total of 72% of patients were persistent with treatment. Safety results showed a low frequency of hospitalizations (≤2%) and treatment-emergent adverse drug reactions (5.2%). No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Evolocumab was associated with reductions in LDL-C levels, with a relative decrease of 63.9% within the first 3 months of treatment. Low rates of interruptions due to adverse events and adequate medication persistence was reported.
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Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Anticolesterolemiantes , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , Hiperlipidemias , Humanos , Anticolesterolemiantes/efeitos adversos , Colômbia , LDL-Colesterol , Hiperlipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Resultado do Tratamento , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/efeitos adversos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Doenças Cardiovasculares/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
Gallstone ileus manifests as intestinal obstruction. It occurs due to the passage of a stone and its subsequent lodging in the lumen of the digestive tract. The diagnosis is confirmed by imaging; the gold standard is abdominal tomography. Management is based on the extraction of the intraluminal calculus in one or more surgical times, depending on the patient's condition. We present the case of a patient with multiple comorbidities who showed a picture of cholangitis complicated by gallstone ileus and successfully treated with enterolithotomy. Surgical management is controversial since the optimal approach for these patients has not been established.
El íleo biliar se manifiesta como una obstrucción intestinal, se presenta por el paso de un lito y su posterior alojamiento en el lumen del tubo digestivo. El diagnóstico se confirma mediante imagenología, el patrón de oro es la tomografía abdominal. El manejo se fundamenta en la extracción del cálculo intraluminal en uno o más tiempos quirúrgicos, según el estado del paciente. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con múltiples comorbilidades, que debuta con un cuadro de colangitis complicada por íleo biliar, tratado exitosamente con enterolitotomía. El manejo quirúrgico es controversial, ya que no se ha establecido el abordaje óptimo para estos pacientes.
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BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases are considered the leading cause of death globally. This study describes the demographic characteristics, treatment patterns, self-reported compliance and persistence, and to explore variables related to non-adherence of patients enrolled in the cardiovascular patient support program (PSP) for evolocumab treatment in Colombia. METHODS: This retrospective observational of the data registry of patients who entered the evolocumab PSP program. RESULTS: The analysis included 930 patients enrolled in the PSP (2017-2021). Mean age was 65.1 (SD±13.1) and49.1% patients were female. The mean compliance rate to evolocumab treatment was 70.5% (SD±21.8). A total of 367 patients (40.5%) reported compliance higher than 80%. Persistence analysis included 739 patients (81.5%) where 87.8% of these patients were considered persistent to treatment. A total of 871 patients (93.7%) reported the occurrence of at least one adverse event during the follow-up period (mostly non-serious). CONCLUSION: This is the first real-life study describing patient characteristics, compliance and continuity of treatment for dyslipidemia in a patient support program in Colombia. The overall adherence found was higher than 70%; similar to findings reported in other real-life studies with iPCSK9. However, the reasons for low compliance were different, highlighting the high number of administrative and medical reasons for suspension or abandonment of treatment with evolocumab.
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Anticolesterolemiantes , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Anticolesterolemiantes/efeitos adversos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Colômbia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Introduction: the Sustainable Development Goals define the goals that were defined to be achieved by the signatory member countries to reach by 2030 with the purpose of reducing indicators to promote equality and equity for all.Objective: to describe the path taken towards the adoption of the 2030 Agenda, from its antecedents, main concepts and innovations, resulting in a fundamental and guiding element in the formulation of public policies.Methods: study based on secondary sources of literature relevant to the topic, considering articles from national and international journals and recent productions on the Sustainable Development GoalsResults: the challenges of internalizing the Sustainable Development Goals, with the definition of national goals and indicators, addresses the challenges and setbacks in their implementation, especially with the national reorientation aimed at fulfilling the 2030 Agenda from this year onwards, especially in light of mid-cycle assessments, to take place this year.Conclusion: the demobilization in the adoption of the 2030 Agenda at the Federal level, from 2019 onwards, as the global political scenario of successive crises has severely impacted the fulfillment of the agreed objectives, an accelerated effort to resume policies is necessary, involving public agents , civil society and academia, so that the second half of the time frame for implementing the 2030 Agenda is more assertive and achieves the proposed objectives and goals, without effectively leaving anyone behind
Introdução: os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável definem as metas que foram definidas para ser alcançadas pelos países membros signatários para alcançar até 2030 com o propósito de diminuir indicadores para promoção de igualdade e equidade de todos. Objetivo: descrever o caminho percorrido para a adoção da Agenda 2030, desde seus antecedentes, principais conceitos e inovações, resultando em elemento fundamental e orientador na formulação de políticas públicas. Método: estudo consubstanciado em fontes secundárias da literatura pertinente à temática, considerando artigos de periódicos nacionais e internacionais e produções recentes sobre os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável.Resultados: os desafios da internalização dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, com a definição de metas e indicadores nacionais aborda os desafios e revezes na sua implementação, especialmente com a reorientação nacional visando o cumprimento da Agenda 2030 à partir do presente ano, em especial à luz das avaliações de meio de ciclo, a ocorrer este ano.Conclusão: a desmobilização na adoção da Agenda 2030 na esfera Federal, a partir de 2019, como o cenário político mundial de sucessivas crises, impactaram severamente no cumprimento dos objetivos pactuados, é necessário um esforço acelerado de retomada de políticas, que envolva agentes públicos, sociedade-civil e academia, para que a segunda metade do intervalo temporal de implementação da Agenda 2030 seja mais assertivo e alcance os objetivos e metas propostos, sem deixar efetivamente ninguém para trás
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BACKGROUND: Wasted food produced for human consumption is estimated at 33% globally, and bread is the food product with the highest percentage. There is an ongoing drive to reincorporate food waste still useful and safe into the production chain of food for human consumption. This work aims to contribute to the study of the feasibility of recycling stale bread waste flour (BWF) into fresh oven-baked white bread, by replacing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 g/100 g of the wheat flour with BWF. RESULTS: Storage and loss moduli increased as the BWF content increased. The baked loaf exhibited decreased lightness and yellowness but increased redness. Increasing BWF contents produced decreased loaf volume and hardness but increased moisture content. Fourier-transform infrared analysis showed that the BWF addition induced important changes in the water, protein, and starch molecular organization. Therefore, starch digestibility showed reductions in both rapidly and slowly digestible starch fractions. Principal component analysis revealed that replacements of up 20 g/100 g can produce white bread with textural, colour, and starch digestibility characteristics like that of the control bread. CONCLUSION: The fresh oven-baked white bread variation produced by replacing 20 g/100 g of the wheat flour with BWF exhibited comparable colour, volume, texture, and starch digestibility features as a control bread did made with 0 g/100 BWF. Higher replacement percentages of wheat flour by stale BWF produced unsuitable drawbacks in the white bread characteristics, but those might be deemed as convenient in other types of bakery products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Eliminação de Resíduos , Amido , Humanos , Amido/química , Pão/análise , Farinha/análise , Triticum/químicaRESUMO
The large DMD gene encodes a group of dystrophin proteins in brain and retina, produced from multiple promoters and alternative splicing events. Dystrophins are core components of different scaffolding complexes in distinct cell types. Their absence may thus alter several cellular pathways, which might explain the heterogeneous genotype-phenotype relationships underlying central comorbidities in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, the cell-specific expression of dystrophins and associated proteins (DAPs) is still largely unknown. The present study provides a first RNA-Seq-based reference showing tissue- and cell-specific differential expression of dystrophins, splice variants and DAPs in mouse brain and retina. We report that a cell type may express several dystrophin complexes, perhaps due to expression in separate cell subdomains and/or subpopulations, some of which with differential expression at different maturation stages. We also identified new splicing events in addition to the common exon-skipping events. These include a new exon within intron 51 (E51b) in frame with the flanking exons in retina, as well as inclusions of intronic sequences with stop codons leading to the presence of transcripts with elongated exons 40 and/or 41 (E40e, E41e) in both retina and brain. PCR validations revealed that the new exons may affect several dystrophins. Moreover, immunoblot experiments using a combination of specific antibodies and dystrophin-deficient mice unveiled that the transcripts with stop codons are translated into truncated proteins lacking their C-terminus, which we called N-Dp427 and N-Dp260. This study thus uncovers a range of new findings underlying the complex neurobiology of DMD.
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Distrofina , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne , Camundongos , Animais , Distrofina/genética , Distrofina/metabolismo , Transcriptoma/genética , Códon de Terminação/metabolismo , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/genética , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/metabolismo , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Retina/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to obtain evidence about the safety, acceptability, and feasibility of a direct-to-patient telemedicine medical abortion service in Mexico's private health sector. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective observational one-group study to evaluate a telemedicine abortion service, referred to as TeleAborto, was conducted at three private clinics and one nonclinician community-based provider. Information about the study was provided by phone, websites, and social media. Abortion seekers were screened for eligibility and underwent any pre-abortion tests requested by the study site at services close to home. Eligible participants received packages with abortion medication, analgesics, and instructions and a remote follow-up contact was scheduled for 7 to 14 days later. Primary outcomes include abortion outcome, management of adverse events, acceptability, and feasibility measures such as package reception and follow-up contact, and challenges to get pre- and post-abortion tests. RESULTS: We conducted 581 screenings and sent 378 study packages, all successfully received, reaching abortion seekers in all 32 states. All participants took medications before 70 days gestational age as per study protocol. Abortion outcome was determined for 87% of participants (330/378); 93% (306/330) had a successful abortion without intervention and 18 with intervention; 6 individuals decided to continue the pregnancy. Participants reported high satisfaction with TeleAborto, citing convenience as their most valued aspect (85%; 264/311). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that guided self-managed telemedicine abortion is safe, acceptable, and feasible in Mexico. The model has the potential to close the access gap for indigenous and rural populations, and those that rely on public sector services. IMPLICATIONS: The findings contribute evidence in support of telemedicine models for early medical abortion, demonstrating the feasibility of a self-management protocol implemented with supportive health care providers and the potential for a broad geographical reach in Mexico.
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Aborto Induzido , Telemedicina , Aborto Induzido/métodos , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , México , GravidezRESUMO
RESUMO El Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH) es un padecimiento de alto impacto a nivel global: más del 80% de las personas con vida sexual activa lo adquirirá en algún momento. La prevalencia y estragos es mayor en mujeres, pues este virus puede derivar en Cáncer Cervicouterino (CaCu). Desde hace tres décadas, ante el llamado de atención de muchas feministas, organismos de salud internacionales y gobiernos de muchos países han incorporado la perspectiva de género en la atención de estos y otros padecimientos de la salud sexual donde se ha destacado la noción de vulnerabilidad. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar, desde una perspectiva feminista, cuáles son los usos conceptuales que se hacen de la dupla género-vulnerabilidad en algunos documentos de políticas públicas para la atención del VPH y el CaCu de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, la Organización Panamericana de la Salud y la Secretaría de Salud mexicana. A través de un análisis textual de estos documentos, es señalado que el uso conceptual de la vulnerabilidad a la que están expuestas las mujeres por mandatos de género requiere ser vislumbrado desde ópticas que permita reconocer su agencia. Asimismo, se destaca la relevancia de incorporar a los varones a las políticas públicas de atención a estos padecimientos.
ABSTRACT The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) currently represents one of the most relevant sexual health problems worldwide, since at least, 80% of the sexually active population might acquire it at any time. Prevalence and injuries are more present among women, where this virus might cause cervical cancer. From three decades ago, several international health organizations as well as countries have adopted a feminist agenda at incorporating gender perspective to pay attention to these and other women's sexual health issues. The objective of this text is to analyze from a feminist perspective the conceptual uses of gender and vulnerability in some documents written by the World Health Organization, the Pan American Health Organization and the Mexican Health Secretariat for HPV and cervical cancer treatment. Throughout textual analyses to health attention documents, I highlight that these uses of vulnerability that Mexican women are exposed to need perspectives that shed light on women's agency. I also emphasize the necessity to incorporate men to these public policies.
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Dp40 is ubiquitously expressed including the central nervous system. In addition to being present in the nucleus, membrane, and cytoplasm, Dp40 is detected in neurites and postsynaptic spines in hippocampal neurons. Although Dp40 is expressed from the same promoter as Dp71, its role in the cognitive impairment present in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients is still unknown. Here, we studied the effects of overexpression of Dp40 and Dp40L170P during the neuronal differentiation of PC12 Tet-On cells. We found that Dp40 overexpression increased the percentage of PC12 cells with neurites and neurite length, while Dp40L170P overexpression decreased them compared to Dp40 overexpression. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the protein expression profile was modified in nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12-Dp40L170P cells compared to that of the control cells (PC12 Tet-On). The proteins α-internexin and S100a6, involved in cytoskeletal structure, were upregulated. The expression of vesicle-associated membrane proteins increased in differentiated PC12-Dp40 cells, in contrast to PC12-Dp40L170P cells, while neurofilament light-chain was decreased in both differentiated cells. These results suggest that Dp40 has an important role in the neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells through the regulation of proteins involved in neurofilaments and exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, functions that might be affected in PC12-Dp40L170P.
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Substituição de Aminoácidos , Distrofina/genética , Filamentos Intermediários/metabolismo , Crescimento Neuronal/genética , Neurônios/metabolismo , Vesículas Sinápticas/metabolismo , Animais , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Citoesqueleto/ultraestrutura , Distrofina/metabolismo , Exocitose , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Filamentos Intermediários/genética , Proteínas de Filamentos Intermediários/metabolismo , Filamentos Intermediários/ultraestrutura , Proteínas de Neurofilamentos/genética , Proteínas de Neurofilamentos/metabolismo , Neurônios/citologia , Células PC12 , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/metabolismo , Ratos , Proteína A6 Ligante de Cálcio S100/genética , Proteína A6 Ligante de Cálcio S100/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Vesículas Sinápticas/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: aunque en la última década el concepto de biomedicalización ha sido relevante en América Latina para entender algunos procesos mediante los cuales la biomedicina participa en la constitución de sujetos y sus padecimientos, poco se ha explorado su relación con la conformación de la sexualidad. Desarrollo: el objetivo de este texto es analizar, desde una perspectiva sociológico-feminista, la biomedicalización del riesgo sexual al virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, mediante la profilaxis preexposición, y al virus del papiloma humano, mediante la aplicación de la vacuna de prevención en México, Colombia y Brasil. Primero, se presenta la noción de biomedicalización, sus usos teóricos en la sociología y los estudios de la ciencia, la tecnología y la biomedicina. Posteriormente, se abordan algunos textos que analizan algunas vicisitudes de la biomedicalización del riesgo sexual, mediante estas biotecnologías en los países mencionados. Finalmente, se problematizan algunas de las ventajas y retos teóricos del uso del concepto de biomedicalización en diversos contextos de América Latina y se señala cuál es su relevancia para comprender las relaciones y diferencias de género en la región. Conclusiones: en estos días, con el auge de la biomedicina y de las farmacéuticas transnacionales, se hace necesario analizar las implicaciones históricas, sociales y políticas de la biomedicalización de la sexualidad en contextos poscoloniales como el latinoamericano.
Abstract Introduction: In the last decade, the concept of "biomedicalization" has played a relevant role in Latin American Science, Technology, and Biomedicine (STS) studies amidst sociological and academic debates on the implications of biomedical interventions in the production of subjects and diseases. However, its relationship with sexuality has scarcely been evaluated. Development: This article aimed to analyze how sexual risk to avoid acquiring both human immunodeficiency virus through PrEP implementation and human papilloma virus through the preventive vaccine implementation in Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil has been thoroughly biomedicalized, from a sociological feminist perspective. First, the concept of biomedicalization and its theoretical uses in medical sociology and STS are briefly introduced. Then, few relevant texts are discussed that approach some aspects concerning the increase in biomedicalization of sexual risk within these biotechnologies in the three countries. Finally, we analyzed the advantages and challenges of introducing the concept of biomedicalization in the Latin American context and its relevance in terms of understanding sex-related relationships and differences. Conclusions: With the recent development of the biomedicine and transnational pharmaceutical industry, it is necessary to analyze the historical, social, and political implications of the biomedicalization of sexuality in the postcolonial contexts, such as those found in Latin America.
Resumo Introdução: ainda que na última década o conceito de biomedicalização tem sido relevante na América Latina para entender alguns processos mediante os quais a biomedicina participa na constituição de sujeitos e seus padecimentos, sua relação com a conformação da sexualidade tem sido pouco explorada. Desenvolvimento: o objetivo deste texto é analisar, desde uma perspectiva sociológico-feminista, a bio-medicalização do risco sexual ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana (VIH) mediante a Profilaxia pre-ex-posição (PrEP, por suas siglas em inglês), e ao vírus do papiloma humano (VPH) mediante a aplicação da vacuna de prevenção no México, na Colômbia, e no Brasil. Primeiro, se apresenta a noção de biomedi-calização, seus usos teóricos na sociologia e os STS (estudos da ciência, a tecnologia e a biomedicina, por suas siglas em inglês). Posteriormente se abordam alguns textos que analisam algumas variabilidades da biomedicalização do risco sexual, mediante estas biotecnologias nos países mencionados. Finalmente, se problematizam algumas das vantagens e desafios teóricos do uso do conceito de biomedicalização em diversos contextos da América Latina e se assinala qual é sua relevância para compreender as relações e diferenças de gênero na região. Conclusões: em nossos dias, com o auge da biomedicina e das farmacêuticas transacionais, se faz necessário analisar as implicações históricas, sociais e políticas da biomedicalização da sexualidade em contextos pós-coloniais, como o Latino-Americano.
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Humanos , Feminino , Pesquisa Biomédica , HIV , Alphapapillomavirus , Estudos de GêneroRESUMO
Preeclampsia (PE) and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) are major contributors to perinatal morbidity and mortality. These pregnancy disorders are associated with placental dysfunction and share similar pathophysiological features. The aim of this study was to compare the placental gene expression profiles including mRNA and lncRNAs from pregnant women from four study groups: PE, IUGR, PE-IUGR, and normal pregnancy (NP). Gene expression microarray analysis was performed on placental tissue obtained at delivery and results were validated using RTq-PCR. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that the largest transcript variation was observed in the IUGR samples compared to NP (n = 461; 314 mRNAs: 252 up-regulated and 62 down-regulated; 133 lncRNAs: 36 up-regulated and 98 down-regulated). We also detected a group of differentially expressed transcripts shared between the PE and IUGR samples compared to NP (n = 39), including 9 lncRNAs with a high correlation degree (p < 0.05). Functional enrichment of these shared transcripts showed that cytokine signaling pathways, protein modification, and regulation of JAK-STAT cascade are over-represented in both placental ischemic diseases. These findings contribute to the molecular characterization of placental ischemia showing common epigenetic regulation implicated in the pathophysiology of PE and IUGR.
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Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/genética , Placenta/metabolismo , Pré-Eclâmpsia/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Transcriptoma , Adulto , Peso ao Nascer , Feminino , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/metabolismo , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pré-Eclâmpsia/metabolismo , Gravidez , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismoRESUMO
In the late 1990s antiretroviral pharmaceuticals began to be used in the United States and Western Europe to prevent HIV infection in contexts of occupational exposure. One decade later, the application of Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) had been extended to include cases of exposure to sexual assault, injection-drug use, and consensual sexual intercourse deemed at high risk. This article explores the implementation of biomedicalized HIV prevention protocols at a public healthcare clinic in Mexico City, building on sociological-feminist approaches in Science and Technology Studies (STS) and drawing on interviews with key actors, as well as digital ethnography. We emphasise the stratified biomedicalization or, said otherwise, the differences in PEP and PrEP accessibility and consumption among different populations and groups. We also describe the fragile grip of institutionalised biomedical solutions when alternative 'moral economies' intersect with them, particularly in contexts like Mexico, where governmental funding for experimental research on biomedical innovations has been limited. This text reveals both the existence of contrasting technoscientific interventions along class and gender differences, and the multiple and vivid ways by which individuals appropriate and interpret global biomedical practices.
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Infecções por HIV , Medicalização , Cidades , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Humanos , MéxicoRESUMO
The Dp71 protein is the most abundant dystrophin in the central nervous system (CNS). Several dystrophin Dp71 isoforms have been described and are classified into three groups, each with a different C-terminal end. However, the functions of Dp71 isoforms remain unknown. In the present study, we analysed the effect of Dp71eΔ71 overexpression on neuronal differentiation of PC12 Tet-On cells. Overexpression of dystrophin Dp71eΔ71 stimulates neuronal differentiation, increasing the percentage of cells with neurites and neurite length. According to 2-DE analysis, Dp71eΔ71 overexpression modified the protein expression profile of rat pheochromocytoma PC12 Tet-On cells that had been treated with neuronal growth factor (NGF) for nine days. Interestingly, all differentially expressed proteins were up-regulated compared to the control. The proteomic analysis showed that Dp71eΔ71 increases the expression of proteins with important roles in the differentiation process, such as HspB1, S100A6, and K8 proteins involved in the cytoskeletal structure and HCNP protein involved in neurotransmitter synthesis. The expression of neuronal marker TH was also up-regulated. Mass spectrometry data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD009114. SIGNIFICANCE: This study is the first to explore the role of the specific isoform Dp71eΔ71. The results obtained here support the hypothesis that the dystrophin Dp71eΔ71 isoform has an important role in the neurite outgrowth by regulating the levels of proteins involved in the cytoskeletal structure, such as HspB1, S100A6, and K8, and in neurotransmitter synthesis, such as HCNP and TH, biological processes required to stimulate neuronal differentiation.
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Diferenciação Celular , Distrofina/fisiologia , Crescimento Neuronal , Neurônios/citologia , Animais , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Distrofina/farmacologia , Neurotransmissores/biossíntese , Células PC12 , Isoformas de Proteínas , Proteômica/métodos , RatosRESUMO
Este trabalho, de natureza teórica, tem por objetivo discutir o que perpassa entre a expectativa do cidadão em ter seu direito à saúde garantido, e a prioridade em que o Estado posiciona seu dever de cumprir com o que lhe é devido; tendo como objeto de estudo o direito à saúde como dever do Estado. Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica em documentos e literaturas que abordam as temáticas de política pública de saúde, Estado e sociedade e direitos sociais. Verificou-se que o direito à saúde é garantido mediante políticas sociais e econômicas, conforme preconizado na Constituição Federal, entretanto, uma política social e econômica adequada não são suficientes para sanar a expectativa e real necessidade do cidadão em acessar a política de saúde no Estado brasileiro.
This theoretical work aims to discuss what lies between the expectation of citizens to have their right to health guaranteed, and the priority in which the State places its duty to comply with what is due to it; having as object of study the right to health as a State duty. A literature review was carried out in documents and literatures that deal with public health, state and society, and social rights issues. It was verified that the right to health is guaranteed through social and economic policies, as recommended in the Federal Constitution, however, an adequate social and economic policy are not enough to heal the citizen's expectation and real need to access health policy in the State Brazilian.
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Direito à Saúde , Política Pública , EstadoRESUMO
Contexto: O uso de drogas tem tomado grandes dimensões e repercute na saúde pública e ambiente de trabalho, expondo o indivíduo a um maior risco de acidentes de trabalho e ao comprometimento de sua qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Comparar o desempenho da atençaÌo de empregados usuários de drogas e não usuários, em exame computadorizado de atenção (EAC). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo que avaliou o desempenho dos indivíduos no EAC em cada um dos seus parâmetros ("omissão", " erros", "média do tempo de reação" e "variabilidade do tempo de reação"). Nas análises, foram utilizadas a descritiva, o Teste t, o Teste de Mann-Whitney e as correlações múltiplas. Resultados: Foram selecionados 23 controles (PC) e 23 dependentes químicos (DQ), dos quais 9 faziam uso de 3 tipos de drogas ou mais, sendo que a substância prevalente foi o álcool (100,00%) e a associação mais frequente foi deste com a cocaína (69,56%). No que tange ao EAC, os valores obtidos de média±desvio padrão para os parâmetros avaliados foram 502,39±57,16 no grupo DQ e 445,52±37,95 no grupo PC, para "média do tempo de reação"; e 92,96±26,48 no grupo DQ e 66,26±11,86 no grupo PC, para "variabilidade no tempo de reação". Os valores de mediana e erro padrão obtidos foram 1,19±4,46 no grupo DQ e 0,00±0,00 no grupo PC, para "omissão"; 3,57±1,98 no grupo DQ e 1,19±0,30 no grupo PC, para "erros". Conclusão: Observou-se a prevalência do uso de álcool, principalmente em associação com cocaína. Sobre a atenção, os resultados demonstraram que, independente do parâmetro, todos os valores são inferiores aos encontrados em controles normais (p<0,05), demonstrando que o uso de qualquer tipo de droga compromete o desempenho atencional, podendo limitar atividades laborais e gerar impacto nas atividades de vida diária, colocando em risco a saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores. Palavras-chave | atenção; testes neuropsicológicos; saúde do trabalhador; transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias.(AU)
Context: The use of drugs has large effects in public health and the working environment, potentially exposing workers to the risk of accidents and compromising their quality of life. Objectives: To compare the attention span between drug users and normal employees (controls), using a computerized test of their attention. Methods: The design of this study was retrospective, evaluating the performance of individuals with a test in each of its parameters ("omission", "errors", "average reaction time" and "variability of reaction time").Thus, the descriptive analysis included t and Mann-Whitney tests and multiple correlations. Results: The current study selected a total of 23 controls (PC) and 23 drug users (DQ), of which 9 were using 3 or more different types of drugs; the most prevalent substance was alcohol (100.00%) and the most frequent association was alcohol and cocaine (69.56%). Based on the computerized attention test, the values of mean±standard deviation were 502.39±57.16 for the chemically dependent group and 445.52±37.95 for the control group to "average reaction time"; 92.96±26.48 for the chemically dependent group and 66.26±11.86 for the control group to "variability in reaction time". The median and standard error values were 1.19±4.46 for the chemically dependent group and 0.00±0.00 for the control group to "omissions"; 3.57±1.98 for the chemically dependent group and 1.19±0.30 for the control group to "errors". Conclusion: It was possible to observe a higher prevalence of alcohol abuse especially in combination with cocaine. The results showed that regardless of the parameters all the result scores are lower than those found in normal controls (p<0.05), showing that the use of any type of drug may influence attentional performance, restrict labor activities and impact other daily activities resulting in damage to the health and safety of employees.(AU)
Assuntos
Saúde Ocupacional , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Desempenho Profissional , Testes NeuropsicológicosRESUMO
This was a socio-historical study that aimed to analyze the repercussions of the flexibilization of labor relationships within a University hospital (UH) using the thematic oral history method and triangulation of sources made up of workers' statements, institutional documents and relevant literature. It was observed that flexibilization, driven by state reform in the 1990s, had a structural impact on the trajectory of this institution, that, due to government downsizing policy, adopted outsourcing to maintain staff, leading to high staff turnover, various types of conflicts, and discontinuity and lack of organization of work processes. We conclude that the flexibilization of employment relationships became a handicap for this UH, disrupting services, negatively affecting students and service users, contributing to the deterioration of working conditions and lack of protection of workers.
Assuntos
Emprego , Setor de Assistência à Saúde , Hospitais Universitários , Brasil , Governo , Humanos , UniversidadesRESUMO
ResumoEstudo de natureza histórico-social com objetivo de analisar as repercussões da flexibilização das relações de trabalho na realidade de um Hospital Universitário (HU). Utilizou-se como método a história oral temática e a análise triangulada entre as fontes, constituídas por depoimentos dos trabalhadores, documentos institucionais e literatura. Constatou-se que a flexibilização, impulsionada pela Reforma de Estado na década de 90, interferiu de maneira estrutural na trajetória desta Instituição que, a partir da política do Governo Federal de enxugamento do quadro de pessoal, adotou a terceirização para manutenção da força de trabalho, acarretando rotatividade dos trabalhadores, conflitos de ordens diversas, descontinuidade e desorganização dos processos de trabalho. Concluímos que a flexibilização das relações de trabalho tornou-se um entrave no âmbito deste HU, desestruturando os serviços, prejudicando estudantes e usuários, contribuindo para a precarização do trabalho e a desproteção social dos trabalhadores.
AbstractThis was a socio-historical study that aimed to analyze the repercussions of the flexibilization of labor relationships within a University hospital (UH) using the thematic oral history method and triangulation of sources made up of workers’ statements, institutional documents and relevant literature. It was observed that flexibilization, driven by state reform in the 1990s, had a structural impact on the trajectory of this institution, that, due to government downsizing policy, adopted outsourcing to maintain staff, leading to high staff turnover, various types of conflicts, and discontinuity and lack of organization of work processes. We conclude that the flexibilization of employment relationships became a handicap for this UH, disrupting services, negatively affecting students and service users, contributing to the deterioration of working conditions and lack of protection of workers.
Assuntos
Humanos , Setor de Assistência à Saúde , Emprego , Hospitais Universitários , Universidades , Brasil , GovernoRESUMO
Este ensaio tem por objetivo refletir sobre o papel da formação teórico-política na construção da consciência de classe dos trabalhadores. Partimos da constatação de que a alienação é um processo objetivo, que diariamente produz e reproduz a dominação e a exploração dos trabalhadores por parte do capital. Em outras palavras, a base objetiva da alienação é a propriedade privada dos meios de produção, que permite que a produção social seja acumulada privadamente pelos capitalistas. Nesse sentido, o primeiro passo para ensaiar a superação da alienação é a luta efetiva contra a exploração do capital, por meio dos diversos movimentos sociais, sindicais e partidos políticos construídos pelos trabalhadores. O segundo passo é o acesso à teoria de explicação da totalidade da realidade social com vistas à sua transformação, isto é, o materialismo dialético de Marx. A partir da participação dos trabalhadores nessas formas coletivas de luta, eles podem sair da esfera da alienação e caminhar no sentido de uma consciência da reivindicação ou consciência da cidadania, que pressupõe a luta pelos direitos sociais ou a luta por reformas dentro da ordem capitalista. Em certas condições e a partir da luta de classe contra o capital, os trabalhadores podem alcançar a consciência de classe, a consciência da necessidade da transformação social, da necessidade da revolução, e nessa tarefa a formação política assume um papel fundamental. Na medida em que os militantes dos movimentos sociais, sindicais e dos partidos de esquerda procuram se preparar melhor para a luta e buscam adquirir uma formação teórico-política que os ajude a compreender a sociedade capitalista e suas contradições, a tarefa da construção de uma nova sociedade se torna cada vez mais necessária.
This essay seeks to reflect on the role of training in theoretical and political construction of class consciousness of workers. We start from the observation that alienation is an objective process, which daily produces and reproduces the domination and exploitation of workers by capital. In other words, the basic objective of the sale is the private ownership of means of production, which allows the social production is privately accumulated by capitalists. In this sense, the first step to test the overcoming of alienation is the effective struggle against the exploitation of capital, through various social movements, trade unions and political parties built by workers. The second step is access to the whole theory of explanation of social reality with a view to its transformation, that is, dialectical materialism, or Marxism. From the workers' participation in these collective forms of struggle, they can leave the sphere of alienation and toward a consciousness of the claim or of citizenship, which involves the struggle for social rights, or the struggle for reforms within the order capitalist. But under certain conditions, and from the class struggle against capital, workers can achieve class consciousness, awareness of the need for social transformation, the necessity of revolution and political training in this task assumes a fundamental role. To the extent that activists of social movements, trade unions and leftist parties seek to better prepare for the fight, and seeking to acquire theoretical and political training to help them understand capitalist society and its contradictions, the task of building a new society becomes ever more necessary and fundamental.
Assuntos
Alienação Social , Capitalismo , Ciências SociaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To calculate the absenteeism costs by lung cancer, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute myocardial infarction attributable to smoking in the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) and the occupied population from 2006 to 2009. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Productivity loss data from selected illnesses were obtained from IMSS records. The smoking attributable fraction was used, and extrapolation to occupied population was conducted. RESULTS: IMSS paid $143.9 million pesos (2009 prices) attributable to smoking between 2006 and 2009. The productivity loss was $298.2 million pesos and $437.8 million pesos in the occupied population, attributable to smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco smoking implies costs to the individual, families and society, which urge to strengthen policies contained in the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control by the WHO.