RESUMO
AIM: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of maxillofacial fractures among patients admitted to the Accident and Emergency Departments of three major hospitals in Recife, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective design. The data were collected from each hospital over 3 months. A timetable was developed which randomly allocated visits to the three hospitals, six times a week for 6 hours a day. Data on socio-demographic variables, presence of bone fractures and/or maxillofacial fractures, type of injuries, aetiological factors, and place of occurrence were recorded. RESULTS: The final sample size was 5,644 patients. The prevalence of any bone fractures was 32.1% and for maxillofacial fractures 4.1%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that maxillofacial fractures were related to age, sex and level of education but not to employment status. Violence was the main cause of maxillofacial fractures, and the most frequent place of occurrence was the street. CONCLUSIONS: Maxillofacial fractures represented 12.6% of all bone fractures, males and less educated subjects were more likely to be affected than their females and more educated counterparts, and violence was the most common cause.
Assuntos
Traumatismos Maxilofaciais/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Maxilofaciais/etiologia , Fraturas Cranianas/epidemiologia , Fraturas Cranianas/etiologia , Acidentes por Quedas/estatística & dados numéricos , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Escolaridade , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Fraturas Ósseas/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Violência/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
This ecological study investigated the associations between social deprivation, income inequality and social cohesion and dental caries levels in school children of the Distrito Federal, Brazil. Three sources of data were used: (1) area-based data from a 1997 social survey carried out on 13,000 families, (2) 1995 census data collected for the Government of the Distrito Federal (GDF), and (3) dental caries data from a 1997 oral health survey on 7296 6-12-year-old school children. Results of simple linear regression showed that percent with less than eight years of education (P = 0.03) and percent who did not have a maid (P = 0.009), were negatively statistically significantly associated with the percent of children free of caries. None of the deprivation measures were statistically significantly associated with mean DMF-T scores (P > 0.05). GINI coefficient, an indicator of social inequalities, was negatively statistically significantly associated with both measures of dental caries experience, percent of caries free (P = 0.003) and mean DMF-T scores (P = 0.01). Per thousand number of homicides or attempted homicides, an indicator of social cohesion was of marginal statistical significance associated with caries experience. Results of multiple linear regression analyses showed that only the Gini coefficient remained statistically significantly associated with both dental clinical measures used, after adjusting for potential confounding. In conclusion, relative rather than absolute levels of income were stronger determinants of the onset of caries in this study.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Renda , Carência Psicossocial , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Saúde Bucal , PobrezaRESUMO
This study tested whether there is a relationship between levels of flexibility of working time schedule and the pattern (frequency of tooth cleaning), structure (range of items used in tooth cleaning), and performance (relative effectiveness of tooth cleaning measured by levels of dental plaque) of tooth cleaning. 471 Brazilian workers from both sexes aged 24 to 44 years were selected from factories, offices, banks, shops and hospitals. Behavioural, socio-economic and clinical data were collected through structured interviews and clinical examination. Data analysis included frequency distribution and simple and multiple logistic regression. The response rate was 92.5%. Simple logistic regression showed there was a highly statistically significant relationship between flexibility of the working time schedule and tooth cleaning frequency, the range of oral hygiene aids used and the level of dental plaque. All 3 associations remained highly statistically significant after adjusting for age, sex, socio-economic status and marital status. Socio-economic status was statistically significantly associated with tooth cleaning frequency, the use of oral hygiene aids and the level of dental plaque. It was concluded that high flexibility of working time schedule is related to pattern, structure and performance of tooth cleaning.