RESUMO

Plant polysaccharides have biological activities in the brain and those obtained from Genipa americana leaves present antioxidant and anticonvulsant effects in the mice model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced acute seizures. This study aimed to evaluate the polysaccharide-rich extract of Genipa americana leaves (PRE-Ga) in the models of acute seizures and chronic epilepsy (kindling) induced by PTZ. In the acute seizure model, male Swiss mice (25-35 g) received PRE-Ga (1 or 9 mg/kg; intraperitoneal- IP), alone or associated with diazepam (0.01 mg/kg), 30 min before induction of seizures with PTZ (70 mg/kg; IP). In the chronic epilepsy model, seizures were induced by PTZ (40 mg/kg) 30 min after treatment and in alternated days up to 30 days and evaluated by video. Brain areas (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum) were assessed for inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Diazepam associated to PRE-Ga (9 mg/kg; i.p.) increased the latency of seizures in acute (222.4 ± 47.57 vs. saline: 62.00 ± 4.709 s) and chronic models (6.267 ± 0.502 vs. saline: 4.067 ± 0.407 s). In hippocampus, PRE-Ga (9 mg/kg) inhibited TNF-α (105.9 ± 5.38 vs. PTZ: 133.5 ± 7.62 pmol/g) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (473.6 ± 60.51) in the chronic model. PTZ increased glial fibrillar acid proteins (GFAP) and Iba-1 in hippocampus, which was reversed by PRE-Ga (GFAP: 1.9 ± 0.23 vs PTZ: 3.1 ± 1.3 and Iba-1: 2.2 ± 0.8 vs PTZ: 3.2 ± 1.4). PRE-Ga presents neuroprotector effect in the mice model of epilepsy induced by pentylenetetrazole reducing seizures, gliosis, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Metal coordination complexes are chemotherapeutic and anti-inflammatory agents. The ruthenium complex FOR811A ([Ru(bpy)2(2-MIM)Cl](PF6)3) FOR811A was evaluated in mice models of acute inflammation and behavioral tests. Animals received FOR811A (3, 10 or 30 mg/kg; i.p.), indomethacin (20 mg/kg; i.p.), L-NAME (20 mg/kg; i.v.) aminoguanidine (50 mg/kg; i.p.) or dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg; s.c.) 30 min before inflammatory stimulation. Paw edema was induced by carrageenan (400 µg/paw), TNF-α or L-arginine (15 nmol/paw) (5 ng/paw) and evaluated by hydropletismometry 4 h later. Peritonitis was induced by carrageenan (500 µg; i.p.) and evaluated 4 h later for hypernociception and quantification of total/differential leukocytes, total protein reduced glutathione (GSH) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). FOR811A inhibited the paw edema induced by carrageenan at 3 (64%; p < 0.0001), 10 (73%; p < 0.0001) and 30 mg/kg (66%; p < 0.0001), and at 10 mg/kg that induced with L-arginine by 75% or TNF-α by 55% (p = 0.0012). Paw tissues histological analysis showed reduction in mast cells (46%; p = 0.0027), leukocyte infiltrate (66%; p < 0.0001), edema and hemorrhagic areas. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed inhibition of iNOS (62%; p < 0.0001) and TNF-α (35%; p < 0.0001). In the peritonitis model FOR811A increased (2.8X; p < 0.0001) hypernociceptive threshold, reduced total leukocytes (29%; p < 0.0001), neutrophils (47%; p = 0.0003) and total proteins (36%; p = 0.0082). FOR811A also inhibited MPO (47%; p = 0.0296) and increased GSH (1.8X; p < 0.0001). In the behavioral tests, FOR811A reduced (30.6%) the number of crossings in the open field, and increased (16%) the number of falls in the Rota rod. Concluding, FOR811A presents anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, via nitric oxide pathway.

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RESUMO

A imobilização é uma prática comum na reabilitação de lesões musculo esqueléticas, mas que pode, por sua vez, ocasionar, adicionalmente, diversos danos à estrutura inicialmente comprometida. Dentre os recursos empregados para reverter os danos oriundos da imobilização, a principal foi a terapia aquática que, aliada aos efeitos benéficos da imersão em água auxilia nos ajustes fisiológicos do corpo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o conteúdo proteico e estrutural da musculatura diafragmática e hepática de ratas pós-imobilização com terapia aquática. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética para o Uso de Animais da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, sob o protocolo nº 1122178 de 05/10/2017. Foram utilizadas 32 ratos, fêmeas, Wistar, divididas em quatro grupos: Controle (CTR), Imobilizado (I), Terapia Aquática (TA) e Imobilizado/Terapia Aquática (ITA). A imobilização ocorreu no membro posterior direito, incluindo a pelve, o quadril, fêmur, o joelho (extensão), tíbia e tornozelo (flexão plantar) ,durante duas semanas. A terapia aquática ocorreu durante seis dias por semana, ao longo de duas semanas. Após esse período, os animais foram eutanasiados e as estruturas de interesse dissecadas: diafragma e fígado. Para avaliação muscular e hepática, foi realizada uma dosagem de proteínas. O trofismo muscular foi calculado pela razão entre o peso úmido do músculo diafragmático (mg) e o peso corporal final (g) dos animais. Os dados foram analisados por Anova-One-Way, com p<0,05 e teste de Brown-Forsythee Kruskal-Wallis, além de uma correlação de Pearson. Os resultados foram expressos em média ± erro padrão da média. O processo de não utilização por duas semanas, associados ao tratamento de terapia aquática não foi capaz de alterar significativamente o conteúdo proteico e estrutural da musculatura diafragmática e das reservas hepáticas.

Immobilization is a common practice in the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries, but this may in turn cause several damages to the initially compromised structure. Among the resources used to reverse the damage from immobilization, the main one was the aquatic therapy, combined with the beneficial effects of immersion in water, helps with the physiological adjustments of the body. The objective of the present study was to analyze the protein and structural content of the diaphragmatic and hepatic muscles of post-immobilization rats with aquatic therapy. The project was approved by the Committee of Ethics for the Use of Animals of the State University of Ceará, under the protocol nº1122178 of 05/10/2017. Thirty-two female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control (CTR), Immobilized (I), Aquatic Therapy (TA) and Immobilized with Aquatic Therapy (ITA). Immobilization occurred in the right hind limb, including the pelvis, hip, femur, knee (extension), tibia, and ankle (plantar flexion) for two weeks. Aquatic therapy occurred for six days a week over two weeks. After this period the animals were euthanized and the structures of interest were dissected: diaphragm and liver. For muscular and hepatic evaluation, protein quantity was evaluated. Muscle trophism was calculated by the ratio of wet diaphragmatic muscle weight (mg) to the final body weight (g) of the animals. The data were analyzed by Anova-one-Way, with p<0.05 and test of Brown-Forsythe and Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson correlation. Results were expressed as the average ± the standard error of measurement. It was found that the process of not using associated with aquatic therapy treatment for two weeks was not able to significantly alter the protein and structural content of the diaphragmatic muscles and liver reserves.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A imobilização é uma prática comum na reabilitação de lesões musculo esqueléticas, mas que pode, por sua vez, ocasionar, adicionalmente, diversos danos à estrutura inicialmente comprometida. Dentre os recursos empregados para reverter os danos oriundos da imobilização, a principal foi a terapia aquática que, aliada aos efeitos benéficos da imersão em água auxilia nos ajustes fisiológicos do corpo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o conteúdo proteico e estrutural da musculatura diafragmática e hepática de ratas pós-imobilização com terapia aquática. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética para o Uso de Animais da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, sob o protocolo nº 1122178 de 05/10/2017. Foram utilizadas 32 ratos, fêmeas, Wistar, divididas em quatro grupos: Controle (CTR), Imobilizado (I), Terapia Aquática (TA) e Imobilizado/Terapia Aquática (ITA). A imobilização ocorreu no membro posterior direito, incluindo a pelve, o quadril, fêmur, o joelho (extensão), tíbia e tornozelo (flexão plantar) ,durante duas semanas. A terapia aquática ocorreu durante seis dias por semana, ao longo de duas semanas. Após esse período, os animais foram eutanasiados e as estruturas de interesse dissecadas: diafragma e fígado. Para avaliação muscular e hepática, foi realizada uma dosagem de proteínas. O trofismo muscular foi calculado pela razão entre o peso úmido do músculo diafragmático (mg) e o peso corporal final (g) dos animais. Os dados foram analisados por Anova-One-Way, com p<0,05 e teste de Brown-Forsythee Kruskal-Wallis, além de uma correlação de Pearson. Os resultados foram expressos em média ± erro padrão da média. O processo de não utilização por duas semanas, associados ao tratamento de terapia aquática não foi capaz de alterar significativamente o conteúdo proteico e estrutural da musculatura diafragmática e das reservas hepáticas.(AU)

Immobilization is a common practice in the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries, but this may in turn cause several damages to the initially compromised structure. Among the resources used to reverse the damage from immobilization, the main one was the aquatic therapy, combined with the beneficial effects of immersion in water, helps with the physiological adjustments of the body. The objective of the present study was to analyze the protein and structural content of the diaphragmatic and hepatic muscles of post-immobilization rats with aquatic therapy. The project was approved by the Committee of Ethics for the Use of Animals of the State University of Ceará, under the protocol nº1122178 of 05/10/2017. Thirty-two female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control (CTR), Immobilized (I), Aquatic Therapy (TA) and Immobilized with Aquatic Therapy (ITA). Immobilization occurred in the right hind limb, including the pelvis, hip, femur, knee (extension), tibia, and ankle (plantar flexion) for two weeks. Aquatic therapy occurred for six days a week over two weeks. After this period the animals were euthanized and the structures of interest were dissected: diaphragm and liver. For muscular and hepatic evaluation, protein quantity was evaluated. Muscle trophism was calculated by the ratio of wet diaphragmatic muscle weight (mg) to the final body weight (g) of the animals. The data were analyzed by Anova-one-Way, with p<0.05 and test of Brown-Forsythe and Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson correlation. Results were expressed as the average ± the standard error of measurement. It was found that the process of not using associated with aquatic therapy treatment for two weeks was not able to significantly alter the protein and structural content of the diaphragmatic muscles and liver reserves.(AU)

Assuntos