RESUMO
Fruit by-products are a valuable source of ingredients, in the formulation of what is known by "upcycled foods". Orange pomace, a by-product of orange juice industry, is a dietary fibre source. In this work, a powdered ingredient with soluble fibre obtained from orange pomace was used as replacement of inulin in the formulation of source of fibre "flan" like puddings. Four different formulations were analysed using Flash Profile and instrumental texture: 100% inulin, 70% inulin: 30% orange fibre, 30% inulin: 70% orange fibre, 100% orange fibre. The replacement of 30% of pudding's total fibre with the new ingredient helped to improve the texture and general appearance of the dessert. Greater percentages imparted non-desirable flavour attributes, such as bitterness and acidity. The use of this ingredient as a replacement of commercial inulin in the formulation of source of fibre puddings is possible. However, further research is needed to reduce the off flavours.
RESUMO
Citrus fruits are one of the main crops worldwide. Its industrialization, primarily juice production, produces large amounts of byproducts, composed of seeds and peels, that can be used to obtain new ingredients. In this study, sorption behaviour, glass transition, mechanical properties, colour and bioactives of four different soluble fibre-enriched powders obtained from orange pomace using green technologies were studied. Powders were equilibrated at water activities between 0.113 and 0.680 for fifteen weeks at 20 °C, and studies were performed to indicate the best storing conditions to ensure the glassy state of the amorphous matrix and higher bioactive stability. By combining the Gordon and Taylor model with the Henderson isotherm, the critical water activity and content for storage in a glassy state were determined. The ingredient obtained after extrusion + hot water is the most stable, which is also the one with the highest dietary fibre content. Powder obtained by jet cooking is the least stable, as it is not in a glassy state at any water activity at room temperature. To increase storage stability, these should be stored at refrigeration temperatures.
RESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the extrusion process on the bioaccessibility of brewers' spent grain (BSG) nutrients (carbohydrates and proteins) and non-nutrients (bioactive compounds). BSG and extruded BSG (EBSG) were digested in vitro simulating human oral-gastro-intestinal digestion and colonic fermentation. The duodenal bioaccessibility of glucose, amino acids and phenolic compounds was analyzed. The fermentability of the dietary fiber was assessed by analysis of short-chain fatty acids. Additionally, assessment of the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds after colonic fermentation was undertaken. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties of the bioaccessible compounds were studied. Extrusion caused no change in the digestibility of gluten and glucose bioaccessibility (p > 0.05). Moreover, the bioaccessibility of amino acids and phenolic compounds significantly increased (p < 0.05) due to extrusion. However, higher short-chain fatty acid content was formed in colonic fermentation of BSG (p < 0.05) compared to EBSG. The latter inhibited intracellular ROS formation in IEC-6 cells and showed anti-inflammatory properties in RAW264.7 cells. With respect to antidiabetic properties, glucose absorption was lower, and the inhibition of carbohydrases higher (p < 0.05), in the presence of EBSG compared to BSG. The effects of EBSG and BSG digests on glucose transporters were not significantly different (p > 0.05). In conclusion, extrusion positively affected the nutritional value and health-promoting properties of BSG.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Grão Comestível , Aminoácidos/análise , Antioxidantes/análise , Grão Comestível/química , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/análise , Glucose/análise , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes , Fenóis/análiseRESUMO
This study aimed to determine the effect of the extrusion process on the nutritional and bioactive profiles of brewer's spent grain (BSG), contributing to nutrition security by applying a circular economy concept. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the effect extrusion parameters (moisture content, screw speed, and barrel temperature ) had on BSG's soluble dietary fiber, free glucose, and overall antioxidant capacity. Proximate composition analyses, amino acid profile, extractable polyphenolic content, and antioxidant capacity of BSG and brewer's spent grain extruded under optimal conditions (BSGE) were carried out. Food safety was analyzed by their microbiological quality, gluten, and acrylamide content. Optimal extrusion conditions were 15.8% of moisture content, 164.3 revolutions per min and 122.5 °C. BSGE presented 61% more soluble dietary fiber than BSG, lower digestible starch, 0.546% of free glucose, and protein quality parameters mostly like those reported for egg, soy, and milk. Despite this, BSG's overall antioxidant capacity was not improved after thermomechanical processing; BSGE had significantly higher extractable polyphenolic content in its alkali extracts, which were determined qualitatively by high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight assay in its hydro-alcoholic acid extracts. Furthermore, although it is not gluten free, BSGE is a safe food ingredient with acceptable microbiological quality and no acrylamide.
RESUMO
Valorisation of an agroindustry by-product, through its uses as an ingredient, in the development of a product may be an opportunity for industries to reduce wastes; generating a valuable product rich in bioactive compounds. Nevertheless, as happens with every new product, food manufacturers follow the market trend ensuring that any new product or idea meets consumer's expectations. The aim of this work is to study the expectation and the acceptability of consumers towards fibre-enriched cookies using blueberry pomace as a functional ingredient. A label for the blueberry cookies, created for this purpose, was evaluated by consumers who rated their expected liking when observing this label. Fibre-enriched cookies were formulated using blueberry pomace powder as source ingredient for antioxidant dietary fibre. A cookie without fibre was evaluated as a reference. Cookies were evaluated by a group of consumers who rated their degree of liking when tasting the sample under blind and informed conditions. Results showed that the consumer expectations were not fulfilled when assessing the product. Acceptability scores of blueberry pomace, fibre-enriched cookies show that most consumers are not willing to compromise hedonic aspects of cookies for their healthful attributes. Focus group was used to explore the characteristics a healthy cookie should have. Formulation of cookies must be optimised taking into account the acceptability of consumers.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/análise , Mirtilos Azuis (Planta)/química , Fibras na Dieta/análise , Frutas/química , Motivação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Comportamento do Consumidor , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Manipulação de Alimentos , Rotulagem de Alimentos/métodos , Preferências Alimentares , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paladar , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A by-product of blueberry juice industries was used as an ingredient to develop fiber-enriched cookies. The blueberry pomace, once ground and dried, was used as an ingredient in cookie formulation. A control cookie was elaborated as reference. Cookies were analyzed for composition and functional properties. The fiber content obtained in the fiber-enriched cookie allows it to be labeled as "high fiber" in the European Union and as a "source of fiber" in MERCOSUR. The fiber-enriched cookie presented highly increased values on the antioxidant capacity and the polyphenol content when compared against the control cookie. Sensory evaluation was performed. Acceptability of the fiber-enriched cookie reached a value of 5.3 in a nine-point hedonic scale. Further strategies should be necessary in order to achieve an acceptable product. Cookies were subjected to an in vitro digestive process. Results show that the cookies' phytochemicals are bioaccessible and potentially bioavailable. Therefore, eating this type of food would represent an increase in the amount of antioxidants ingested and redound to a health benefit. In addition to improving both nutritional and functional properties of cookies, the present development represents an innovative strategy for a more sustainable growth of fruit juice industries.