RESUMO
Prior research demonstrated that glucagon has protective roles against inflammation, but its effect on the resolution of inflammation remains elusive. Using in vitro and in vivo approaches, this study aimed to investigate the pro-resolving potential of glucagon on pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation caused by lipopolysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharide induced an increase in the proportions of neutrophils positives to glucagon receptor (GcgR) in vitro. In addition, lipopolysaccharide induced an increase in the neutrophil accumulation and expression of GcgR by the inflammatory cells in the lungs, however, without altering glucagon levels. Intranasal treatment with glucagon, at the peak of neutrophilic inflammation, reduced the neutrophil number in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and lung tissue within 24 h. The reduction of neutrophilic inflammation provoked by glucagon was accompanied by neutrophilia in the blood, an increase in the apoptosis rate of neutrophils in the BAL, enhance in the pro-apoptotic Bax protein expression, and decrease in the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein levels in the lung. Glucagon also induced a rise in the cleavage of caspase-3 in the lungs; however, it was not significant. Glucagon inhibited the levels of IL-1ß and TNF-α while increasing the content of pro-resolving mediators transforming growth factor (TGF-ß1) and PGE2 in the BAL and lung. Finally, glucagon inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced airway hyper-reactivity, as evidenced by the reduction in lung elastance values in response to methacholine. In conclusion, glucagon-induced resolution of neutrophilic inflammation by promoting cessation of neutrophil migration and a rise of neutrophil apoptosis and the levels of pro-resolving mediators TGF-ß1 and PGE2.
Assuntos
Glucagon , Lipopolissacarídeos , Camundongos , Animais , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Glucagon/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Dinoprostona/farmacologia , Pulmão , Inflamação/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/metabolismoRESUMO
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is a common cause of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Since macrophage inflammatory protein 1 α, a chemokine that acts through CC-chemokine receptor (CCR)-5, appears elevated in COPD patients' airways, we evaluated whether CCR5 antagonist Maraviroc could inhibit the exacerbated lung inflammatory response noted after IAV H1N1 infection in mice exposed to cigarette smoke (Cs). C57BL/6 mice, subjected or not to Cs inhalation for 11 days, were infected with H1N1 at day 7. Maraviroc (10 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) were given in a therapeutic schedule, followed by the analyses of lung function, survival rate, and inflammatory changes. As compared to mice subjected to Cs or H1N1 alone, the insult combination significantly worsened airway obstruction, neutrophil infiltration in the airways, and the survival rate. All changes were sensitive to Maraviroc but not dexamethasone. Maraviroc also reduced the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages as well as CXCL1 production in the lung tissue, and serum levels of IL-6, whereas comparable viral titers in the lungs were noted in all infected groups. Collectively, these findings suggest that Maraviroc oral treatment could be an effective therapy for controlling acute exacerbations of respiratory diseases such as COPD.
RESUMO
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are inflammatory and oxidative imbalance lung conditions with no successful pharmacological therapy and a high mortality rate. Resveratrol (RSV) is a plant-derived stilbene that presents anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, its therapeutic application remains limited due to its poor bioavailability, which can be solved by the use of nanocarriers. Previously, we demonstrated that nanoencapsulated RSV (RSV-LNC) pre-treatment, performed 4 h before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in mice, increased its anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and lung distribution of RSV-LNCs administered therapeutically (6 h post LPS exposure) in a lung injury mouse model. The results showed that RSV-LNCs posttreatment improved lung function and diminished pulmonary inflammation. Moreover, RSV-LNC treatment enhanced the antioxidant catalase level together with a decrease in the oxidative biomarker in mouse lungs, which was accompanied by an increase in pulmonary Nrf2 antioxidant expression. Finally, the presence of RSV in lung tissue was significantly detected when mice received RSV-LNCs but not when they received RSV in its free form. Together, our results confirm that RSV nanoencapsulation promotes an increase in RSV bioavailability, enhancing its therapeutic effects in an LPS-induced lung injury model.
RESUMO
Asthma represents one of the leading chronic diseases worldwide and causes a high global burden of death and disability. In asthmatic patients, the exacerbation and chronification of the inflammatory response are often related to a failure in the resolution phase of inflammation. We reviewed the role of the main arachidonic acid (AA) specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) in the resolution of chronic lung inflammation of asthmatics. AA is metabolized by two classes of enzymes, cyclooxygenases (COX), which produce prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes, and lypoxygenases (LOX), which form leukotrienes and lipoxins (LXs). In asthma, two primary pro-resolving derived mediators from COXs are PGE2 and the cyclopentenone prostaglandin15-Deoxy-Delta-12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2) while from LOXs are the LXA4 and LXB4. In different models of asthma, PGE2, 15d-PGJ2, and LXs reduced lung inflammation and remodeling. Furthermore, these SPMs inhibited chemotaxis and function of several inflammatory cells involved in asthma pathogenesis, such as eosinophils, and presented an antiremodeling effect in airway epithelial, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in vitro. In addition, PGE2, 15d-PGJ2, and LXs are all able to induce macrophage reprogramming to an alternative M2 pro-resolving phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Although PGE2 and LXA4 showed some beneficial effects in asthmatic patients, there are limitations to their clinical use, since PGE2 caused side effects, while LXA4 presented low stability. Therefore, despite the strong evidence that these AA-derived SPMs induce resolution of both inflammatory response and tissue remodeling in asthma, safer and more stable analogs must be developed for further clinical investigation of their application in asthma treatment.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Ácidos Araquidônicos/uso terapêutico , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Eosinófilos/imunologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Remodelação das Vias Aéreas , Animais , Dinoprostona/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismoRESUMO
Pequi is a Brazilian fruit used in folk medicine for pulmonary diseases treatment, but its oil presents bioavailability limitations. The use of nanocarriers can overcome this limitation. We developed nanoemulsions containing pequi oil (pequi-NE) and evaluated their effects in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury model. Free pequi oil or pequi-NE (20 mg/kg) was orally administered to A/J mice 16 and 4 h prior to intranasal LPS exposure, and the analyses were performed 24 h after LPS provocation. The physicochemical results revealed that pequi-NE comprised particles with mean diameter of 174-223 nm, low polydispersity index (0.11 ± 0.01), zeta potential of -7.13 ± 0.08 mV, and pH of 5.83 ± 0.12. In vivo evaluation showed that free pequi oil pretreatment reduced the influx of inflammatory cells into bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF), while pequi-NE completely abolished leukocyte accumulation. Moreover, pequi-NE, but not free pequi oil, reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, MCP-1, and KC levels. Similar anti-inflammatory effects were observed when LPS-exposed animals were pre-treated with the nanoemulsion containing pequi or oleic acid. These results suggest that the use of nanoemulsions as carriers enhances the anti-inflammatory properties of oleic acid-containing pequi oil. Moreover, pequi's beneficial effect is likely due its high levels of oleic acid.
RESUMO
Local anesthetics (LAs), such as lidocaine and mexiletine, inhibit bronchoconstriction in asthmatics, but adverse effects limit their use for this specific clinical application. In this study, we describe the anti-spasmodic properties of the mexiletine analog 2-(2-aminopropoxy)-3,5-dimethyl, 4-Br-benzene (JME-173), which was synthesized and screened for inducing reduced activity on Na+ channels. The effectiveness of JME-173 was assessed using rat tracheal rings, a GH3 cell line and mouse cardiomyocytes to access changes in smooth muscle contraction, and Na+, and Ca++ionic currents, respectively. Bronchospasm and airway hyper-reactivity (AHR) were studied using whole-body barometric plethysmography in A/J mice. We observed that the potency of JME-173 was 653-fold lower than mexiletine in inhibiting Na+ currents, but 12-fold higher in inhibiting L-type Ca++ currents. JME-173 was also more potent than mexiletine in inhibiting tracheal contraction by carbachol, allergen, extracellular Ca++, or sodium orthovanadate provocations. The effect of JME-173 on carbachol-induced tracheal contraction remained unaltered under conditions of de-epithelized rings, ß2-receptor blockade or adenylate cyclase inhibition. When orally administered, JME-173 and theophylline inhibited methacholine-induced bronchospasm at time points of 1 and 3 h post-treatment, while only JME-173 remained active for at least 6 h. In addition, JME-173 also inhibited AHR in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation. Thus, the mexiletine analog JME-173 shows highly attenuated activity on Na+ channels and optimized anti-spasmodic properties, in a mechanism that is at least in part mediated by regulation of Ca++ inflow toward the cytosol. Thus, JME-173 is a promising alternative for the treatment of clinical conditions marked by life-threatening bronchoconstriction.
RESUMO
The co-existence with rhinitis limits the control of asthma. Compared with oral H1 receptor antagonists, intranasal corticosteroids have been demonstrated to provide greater relief of all symptoms of rhinitis and are recommended as first-line treatment for allergic rhinitis. Intrinsic limitations of nasal delivery, such as the presence of the protective mucous layer, the relentless mucociliary clearance, and the consequent reduced residence time of the formulation in the nasal cavity, limit budesonide efficacy to the treatment of local nasal symptoms. To overcome these limitations and to enable the treatment of asthma via nasal administration, we developed a budesonide-loaded lipid-core nanocapsule (BudNC) microagglomerate powder by spray-drying using a one-step innovative approach. BudNC was obtained, as a white powder, using L-leucine as adjuvant with 75 ± 6% yield. The powder showed a bimodal size distribution curve by laser diffraction with a principal peak just above 3 µm and a second one around 0.45 µm and a drug content determined by HPLC of 8.7 mg of budesonide per gram. In vivo after nasal administration, BudNC showed an improved efficacy in terms of reduction of immune cell influx; production of eotaxin-1, the main inflammatory chemokine; and arrest of airways remodeling when compared with a commercial budesonide product in both short- and long-term asthma models. In addition, data showed that the results in the long-term asthma model were more compelling than the results obtained in the short-term model. Graphical abstract.
Assuntos
Asma , Budesonida/administração & dosagem , Nanocápsulas , Administração Intranasal , Corticosteroides , Animais , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Budesonida/uso terapêutico , Masculino , CamundongosRESUMO
Existing evidence suggests that the local anaesthetic mexiletine can be beneficial for patients with asthma. However, caution is required since anaesthesia of the airways inhibits protective bronchodilator neuronal reflexes, limiting applications in conditions of hyperirritable airways. Here, we describe the synthesis of a new series of mexiletine analogues, which were screened for reduced activity in Na+ channels and improved smooth muscle relaxant effects, that were evaluated using the patch-clamp technique and an isolated tracheal organ bath, respectively. JME-173 (1-(4-bromo-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-amine) was the most effective among the four mexiletine analogues investigated. JME-173 was then studied in vivo using a murine model of lung inflammation induced by cigarette smoke (CS) and in vitro using neutrophil chemotaxis and mast cell degranulation assays. Finally, the JME-173 pharmacokinetic profile was assessed using HPLC-MS/MS bioanalytical method. JME-173 directly inhibited IL-8 (CXCL8)- and FMLP-induced human neutrophil chemotaxis and allergen-induced mast cell degranulation. After oral administration 1 h before CS exposure, JME-173 (50 mg/kg) strongly reduced the increased number of macrophages and neutrophils recovered in the bronchoalveolar effluent without altering lymphocyte counts. Pharmacokinetic experiments of JME-173 (10 mg/kg, orally) showed values of maximum concentration (Cmax), maximum time (Tmax), area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC0-t) and area under the blood concentration-time curve from 0-Inf (AUC0-inf) of 163.3 ± 38.3 ng/mL, 1.2 ± 0.3 h, 729.4 ± 118.3 ng*h/ml and 868.9 ± 117.1 ng*h/ml (means ± S.E.M.), respectively. Collectively, these findings suggest that JME-173 has the potential to be an effective oral treatment for diseases associated with bronchoconstriction and inflammation.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Mexiletina/análogos & derivados , Mexiletina/farmacologia , Parassimpatolíticos/farmacologia , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Sódio/farmacologia , Canais de Sódio/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Área Sob a Curva , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/citologia , Degranulação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Infiltração de Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Pneumonia/induzido quimicamente , Pneumonia/tratamento farmacológico , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fumaça , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Produtos do TabacoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Resveratrol (RSV) has attracted interest as an alternative drug for the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) and other pulmonary diseases, but its poor oral bioavailability is a limitation. In this study, we employed drug delivery nanotechnology to improve the stability, lung localization and efficacy of orally administered resveratrol to control lung damage leading to ALI. METHODS AND MATERIALS: RSV-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules (RSV-LNCs), prepared by interfacial deposition of biodegradable polymers, were given orally to A/J mice prior to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intranasal instillation. Inflammatory changes, oxidative stress and lung tissue elastance were assessed 24 h after LPS challenge. RESULTS: RSV-LNCs (5 mg/kg), given 1, 4, 6 or 12 h but not 24 h before provocation, inhibited LPS-induced leukocyte accumulation in the bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF), whereas unloaded nanocapsules (ULNCs) or free RSV (5 mg/kg) were ineffective. RSV-LNCs (2.5-10 mg/kg) but not ULNCs or RSV improved lung function and prevented total leukocyte and neutrophil accumulation equally in both BALF and lung tissue when given 4 h before LPS challenge. Similar findings were seen concerning the generation of a range of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, KC, MIP-1α, MIP-2, MCP-1 and RANTES in lung tissue. In addition, only RSV-LNCs inhibited MDA levels and SOD activity in parallel with blockade of the ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways following LPS provocation. CONCLUSION: Nanoformulation of RSV in biodegradable oil-core polymers is an effective strategy to improve the anti-ALI activity of RSV, suggesting that the modified-release formulation of this plant polyphenol may be of great value in clinical conditions associated with ALI and respiratory failure.
Assuntos
Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/enzimologia , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismo , Nanocápsulas/química , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Resveratrol/administração & dosagem , Resveratrol/uso terapêutico , Transdução de Sinais , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/complicações , Administração Oral , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Citocinas/metabolismo , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/complicações , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/patologia , Resveratrol/farmacologiaRESUMO
We search for the presence of somatic mutations in 12 genes related to MDS, MPN, and AML in a Brazilian cohort composed of 609 elderly individuals from a census-based sample.
Assuntos
Leucemia Mieloide/genética , Neoplasias/genética , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Hematopoese , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide/sangue , Leucemia Mieloide/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Neoplasias/sangue , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Sequenciamento do Exoma/métodosRESUMO
Glucagon has been shown to be beneficial as a treatment for bronchospasm in asthmatics. Here, we investigate if glucagon would prevent airway hyperreactivity (AHR), lung inflammation, and remodeling in a murine model of asthma. Glucagon (10 and 100 µg/Kg, i.n.) significantly prevented AHR and eosinophilia in BAL and peribronchiolar region induced by ovalbumin (OVA) challenge, while only the dose of 100 µg/Kg of glucagon inhibited subepithelial fibrosis and T lymphocytes accumulation in BAL and lung. The inhibitory action of glucagon occurred in parallel with reduction of OVA-induced generation of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-α, eotaxin-1/CCL11, and eotaxin-2/CCL24 but not MDC/CCL22 and TARC/CCL17. The inhibitory effect of glucagon (100 µg/Kg, i.n.) on OVA-induced AHR and collagen deposition was reversed by pre-treatment with indomethacin (10 mg/Kg, i.p.). Glucagon increased intracellular cAMP levels and inhibits anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28-induced proliferation and production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and TNF- α from TCD4+ cells in vitro. These findings suggest that glucagon reduces crucial features of asthma, including AHR, lung inflammation, and remodeling, in a mechanism probably associated with inhibition of eosinophils accumulation and TCD4+ cell proliferation and function. Glucagon should be further investigated as an option for asthma therapy.
Assuntos
Remodelação das Vias Aéreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/prevenção & controle , Glucagon/farmacologia , Ovalbumina/farmacologia , Pneumonia/prevenção & controle , Animais , Asma/prevenção & controle , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/química , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/citologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Quimiocina CCL24/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Receptores de Glucagon/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: Although risk stratification using the Prognostic Scores Systems (IPSS, WPSS and IPSS-R) incorporate key information about prognosis of patients with Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), patients classified as low-risk may evolve rapidly and aggressively, despite a "favorable" prognostic stratification. The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers for predicting prognosis, and for better stratification and management of these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression of CD34 and p53 in megakaryocytes was examined by immunohistochemistry in 71 MDS patients classified as low-risk. RESULTS: CD34 staining in megakaryocytes was associated with p53 expression (p=0.0166). CD34 and p53 expression were associated to worse overall survival in patients (p=0.0281). CONCLUSION: The presence of CD34 in megakaryocytes is associated with p53 expression and an adverse prognosis for MDS patients.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD34/genética , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/genética , Prognóstico , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Masculino , Megacariócitos/metabolismo , Megacariócitos/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/metabolismo , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/patologia , Medição de Risco , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs) are characterized by an abnormal accumulation of substrates within the lysosome and comprise more than 50 genetic disorders with a frequency of 1:5000 live births. Nanotechnology may be a promising way to circumvent the drawbacks of the current therapies for lysosomal diseases. The blood circulation time and bioavailability of the enzymes or drugs could be improved by inserting them in nanocarriers, which could decrease and/or avoid the need of frequent intravenous infusions along with the minimization or elimination of associated immunogenic responses. Considering the exposed, we aimed to build monoolein-based nanoparticles stabilized by polysorbate 80 as a smart platform able to reach the central nervous system (CNS) to deliver drugs or enzymes inside lysosomes. We developed and characterized the nanoparticles by dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM). The nanoparticles showed a diameter of 115â¯nm, which is compatible with in vivo application. The SAXS patterns of the formulations displayed a single broad correlation peak that was fitted to the Teubner-Strey model confirming that disordered bicontinuous structures were obtained. Cryo-TEM images corroborated this finding and showed nanoparticles with size values that are similar to those determined by DLS. Furthermore, the nanoparticles did not present cytotoxicity when they were incubated with human fibroblasts, and demonstrated hemolytic activity proportional to the negative control, proving to be safe for parenteral administration. Through the use of a fluorescent dye to track the nanoparticles inside the cell, we demonstrated that they reached lysosomes after 1â¯h of treatment. More interestingly, the fluorescent dye was detected in the CNS of mice just after 3â¯h of treatment. The nanoparticles show great potential to improve the treatment of LSDs with brain impairment, acting as a smart platform to targeted delivery of drugs or enzymes.
Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Central/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicerídeos/química , Doenças por Armazenamento dos Lisossomos/tratamento farmacológico , Nanopartículas/química , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Humanos , Lisossomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Nanotecnologia/métodos , Espalhamento a Baixo Ângulo , Difração de Raios X/métodosRESUMO
Inflammation is the principal response invoked by the body to address injuries. Despite inflammation constituting a crucial component of tissue repair, it is well known that unchecked or chronic inflammation becomes deleterious, leading to progressive tissue damage. Studies over the past years focused on foods rich in polyphenols with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, since inflammation was recognized to play a central role in several diseases. In this review, we discuss the beneficial effects of resveratrol, the most widely investigated polyphenol, on cancer and neurodegenerative, respiratory, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases. We highlight how resveratrol, despite its unfavorable pharmacokinetics, can modulate the inflammatory pathways underlying those diseases, and we identify future opportunities for the evaluation of its clinical feasibility.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacocinética , Estilbenos/administração & dosagem , Estilbenos/farmacocinética , Animais , Doenças Cardiovasculares/dietoterapia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Humanos , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos , Neoplasias/dietoterapia , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Ratos , Doenças Respiratórias/dietoterapia , Doenças Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico , ResveratrolRESUMO
The genetic events associated with transformation of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML), particularly in the subgroup of essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients, remain incompletely understood. Deep studies using high-throughput methods might lead to a better understanding of genetic landscape of ET patients who transformed to sAML. We performed array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and whole exome sequencing (WES) to analyze paired samples from ET and sAML phases. We investigated five patients with previous history of MPN, which four had initial diagnosis of ET (one case harboring JAK2 p.Val617Phe and the remaining three CALR type II p.Lys385fs*47), and one was diagnosed with MPN/myelodysplastic syndrome with thrombocytosis (SF3B1 p.Lys700Glu). All were homogeneously treated with hydroxyurea, but subsequently transformed to sAML (mean time of 6 years/median of 4 years to transformation). Two of them have chromosomal abnormalities, and both acquire 2p gain and 5q deletion at sAML stage. The molecular mechanisms associated with leukemic progression in MPN patients are not clear. Our WES data showed TP53 alterations recurrently observed as mutations (missense and frameshift) and monoallelic loss. On the other hand, aCGH showed novel chromosome abnormalities (+2p and del5q) potentially associated with disease progression. The results reported here add valuable information to the still fragmented molecular basis of ET to sAML evolution. Further studies are necessary to identify minimal deleted/amplified region and genes relevant to sAML transformation.
Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas , Mielofibrose Primária , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/biossíntese , Idoso , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/diagnóstico , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/metabolismo , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/mortalidade , Mielofibrose Primária/diagnóstico , Mielofibrose Primária/metabolismo , Mielofibrose Primária/mortalidade , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
As placas de Hawley podem ser utilizadas como aparelhos passivos de contenção pós-movimentação ortodôntica, confeccionadas com resina acrílica e grampos de aço. Como todo aparelho removível, seu efeito depende da colaboração do paciente na sua utilização, principalmente de pacientes jovens. A confecção da placa de Hawley com adesivos temáticos surgiu com o objetivo de diminuir esse problema, motivando o paciente quanto ao seu uso. Avaliou-se, in vitro, a biocompatibilidade da resina acrílica com e sem adesivo temático. A citotoxicidade das resinas com e sem adesivos foi avaliada por meio de estudo colorimétrico em células L929, incubadas por 1, 2, 3 e 8 dias, em contato direto com corpos de prova. A quantificação das células viáveis foi realizada por espectrofotometria. Foi verificada baixa viabilidade celular nos dois grupos avaliados, com menores valores de absorbância no grupo das resinas com adesivo temático. Conclui-se que as resinas acrílicas com e sem adesivos temáticos apresentaram elevado grau de citotoxicidade, sendo que as resinas acrílicas sem adesivo apresentaram aumento na viabilidade celular após 8 dias, fator não observado nas resinas temáticas.(AU)
Hawley retainers are commonly used as a passive orthodontic appliance, made with acrylic resin and stainless steel clasps. Like any removable appliance, its effect depends on patient collaboration in its use, especially in young patients. Hawley's retainers with thematic adhesives came to motivate patient and minimize this problem. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro biocompatibility of the acrylic resin with and without the thematic adhesive. The resins cytotoxicity with and without adhesives was evaluated by means of a colorimetric study in L929 cells, incubated for 1, 2, 3, and 8 days, in direct contact with the samples. The viable cell quantification was performed by spectrophotometry. Low cell viability was observed in the two groups evaluated, with lower absorbance values in the resin group with thematic adhesive. It was concluded that acrylic resins with and without thematic adhesives presented high cytotoxicity. Adhesive-free acrylic resins presented an increase in cell viability after 8 days, which was not observed in resins with thematic adhesives. (AU)
Assuntos
Resinas Acrílicas , Materiais Biocompatíveis , Teste de Materiais , Aparelhos Ortodônticos Removíveis , Contenções OrtodônticasRESUMO
15-deoxy-Δ-12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) has been described as an anti-inflammatory lipid mediator in several in vitro and in vivo studies, but its effect on allergic pulmonary inflammation remains elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of 15d-PGJ2 based on distinct murine models of allergic asthma triggered by either ovalbumin (OVA) or house dust mite extract (HDM). Characteristics of lung inflammation, airway hyper-reactivity (AHR), mucus exacerbation, and lung remodeling in sensitized A/J mice treated or not with 15d-PGJ2 were assessed. 15d-PGJ2 treatments were carried out systemically or topically given via subcutaneous injection or intranasal instillation, respectively. Analyses were carried out 24 h after the last allergen provocation. Irrespective of the route of administration, 15d-PGJ2 significantly inhibited the peribronchial accumulation of eosinophils and neutrophils, subepithelial fibrosis and also mucus exacerbation caused by either OVA or HDM challenge. The protective effect of 15d-PGJ2 occurred in parallel with inhibition of allergen-induced AHR and lung tissue production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, IL-17, and TNF-α. Finally, 15d-PGJ2 was found effective in inhibiting NF-κB phosphorylation upon HDM challenge as measured by Western blotting. In conclusion, our findings suggest that 15d-PGJ2 can reduce crucial features of asthma, including AHR, lung inflammation, and remodeling in distinct murine models of the disease. These effects are associated with a decrease in lung tissue generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines by a mechanism related to downregulation of NF-κB phosphorylation.
RESUMO
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe clinical condition of respiratory failure due to an intense inflammatory response with different etiologies. Despite all efforts, therapy remains limited, and ARDS is still associated with high mortality and morbidity. Plants can provide a vast source of active natural products for the discovery of new drugs. α-bisabolol (α-bis), a constituent of the essential oil from chamomile, has elicited pharmacological interest. However, the molecule has some limitations to its biological application. This study was conducted to develop a drug delivery system using lipid-core nanocapsules (LNCs) to improve the anti-inflammatory effects of orally administered α-bis. α-bis-loaded LNCs (α-bis-LNCs) were prepared by interfacial deposition of poly(ε-caprolactone) and orally administered in a mouse model of ARDS triggered by an intranasal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that α-bis-LNCs (30, 50, and 100 mg kg-1) significantly reduced airway hyperreactivity (AHR), neutrophil infiltration, myeloperoxidase activity, chemokine levels (KC and MIP-2), and tissue lung injury 18 hours after the LPS challenge. By contrast, free α-bis failed to modify AHR and neutrophil accumulation in the bronchoalveolar lavage effluent and lung parenchyma and inhibited elevation in the myeloperoxidase and MIP-2 levels only at the highest dose. Furthermore, only α-bis-LNCs reduced LPS-induced changes in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, as observed by a significant reduction in phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 proteins. Taken together, our results clearly show that by using LNCs, α-bis was able to decrease LPS-induced inflammation. These findings may be explained by the robust increase of α-bis concentration in the lung tissue that was achieved by the LNCs. Altogether, these results indicate that α-bis-LNCs should further be investigated as a potential alternative for the treatment of ARDS.
Assuntos
Nanocápsulas/administração & dosagem , Nanocápsulas/química , Pneumonia/tratamento farmacológico , Sesquiterpenos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Lipídeos/química , Lipopolissacarídeos/toxicidade , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Sesquiterpenos Monocíclicos , Infiltração de Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Pneumonia/induzido quimicamente , Pneumonia/patologia , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Myelodysplastic syndromes are heterogeneous disorders. Patients with myelodysplastic syndrome disease often have ineffective hematopoiesis, cytopenias, blood cell dysplasia in one or more cell types, and are at high risk for developing acute myeloid leukemia. In myelodysplastic syndrome, mutations of TP53 gene are usually associated with complex karyotype and confer a worse prognosis. In the present study, two mutations in this gene are presented and discussed with the clinical evolution of the patients. CASE PRESENTATION: The first case is a 77-year-old Brazilian woman diagnosed as having multiple lineage dysplasia myelodysplastic syndrome according to World Health Organization 2016 and classified as very low-risk by Revised International Prognostic Scoring. The second case is an 80-year-old Brazilian man also diagnosed as having multiple lineage dysplasia myelodysplastic syndrome and classified as low risk. The mutation described in the first case was already identified in some neoplasias and it is associated with a poor prognosis, but it had never been reported before in myelodysplastic syndrome. The second mutation has never been described. CONCLUSIONS: This is a novel report for the scientific community and may be very helpful as we can better understand the disease and the impact of mutations through the follow-up of these patients and others in the future. Both patients are in a good clinical condition, suggesting that these mutations may not alter the clinical course of the disease or may be associated with a good prognosis, but their role in the disease must be investigated more deeply in a larger population.