RESUMO
Infections with HTLV-1 and -2 were detected in 12 (1.9%) and 6 (0.9%) indigenous individuals living in 27 Amazonian villages in Peru. All infections occurred in Shipibo-Konibo people. HTLV was more common among participants living in villages distant from larger port cities and women with non-monogamous sexual partners.
Assuntos
Infecções por HTLV-I/epidemiologia , Infecções por HTLV-II/epidemiologia , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Peru/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There are few published reports of research training needs assessments and research training programs. In an effort to expand this nascent field of study and to bridge the gap between research and practice, we sought to systematically assess the research training needs of health care professionals working at Peruvian governmental institutions leading HIV and tuberculosis (TB) control and among senior stakeholders in the field. METHODS: Six institutional workshops were conducted with the participation of 161 mid-level health professionals from agencies involved in national HIV and TB control. At each workshop informants completed a structured questionnaire and participated in small and large group discussions. Additional data and institutional commitment was obtained through in-depth interviews from 32 senior managers and researchers from the Ministry of Health, academia and NGOs. RESULTS: Participants exhibited an overwhelming receptivity for additional research training, observing a gap between current levels of research training and their perceived importance. Specialized skills in obtaining funding, developing research protocols, particularly in operational, behavioral and prevention research were considered in greatest need. Beyond research training, participants identified broader social, economic and political factors as influential in infectious disease control. CONCLUSIONS: The needs assessment suggests that future training should focus on operational research techniques, rather than on clinical skill building or program implementation only. Strengthening health systems not only requires additional research training, but also adequate financial resources to implement research findings.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde/métodos , Avaliação das Necessidades , Prática de Saúde Pública , Tuberculose Pulmonar/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Coleta de Dados , Educação , Escolaridade , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Percepção , Peru/epidemiologia , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Inquéritos e Questionários , Tuberculose Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introduction: there is an increasing concern for the STI /HIV infection risks within adolescents. Condoms are one of the most effective preventionstrategies for STI/HIV, but there is no information available regarding knowledge, information and condom use among adolescents in Peru. Objective: to evaluate knowledge on STI/HIV, sources of information and sexual behaviors and analyze factors associated with sexual experience and condom use among Peruvian adolescents. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional survey using a household-based multistage sampling in three Peruvian cities. The survey included 2,607 12-19 year-old adolescents. Results: over 80% of adolescents reported having ever heard of STIs, acknowledging teachers as their main source of information, though 40% considered school-based sexual education insuffi cient. 21.8% females, 41.8% males 15-19 year-old, and 1.4% females, 4.1% males 12-14 year-old reported having had sex. Only a third of adolescents reported using a condom on sexual debut. About 6.5% of males and 43% of women reported STI-related symptoms last year. Sexual experience was negatively associated with being enrolled in school for both genders (OR: 0.2 [0.1-0.3]) and positively associated with report of insufficient sexual education for males (OR: 1.7 [1.1-2.6]). School as a source of sexual knowledge was associated with condom use at last intercourse (OR: 35.7 [6.0-213.4]) for women whereas for males was knowledge of where to obtain condoms (OR: 39.6 [3.8-414.6]). For both genders, use of condom at first sexual intercourse was associated with use at recent sexual intercourse. (OR: 5.7 [1.2- 27.9]).Conclusion: results emphasize gender disparities in predictors of sexual experience and condom use in adolescents, and stress the connection between sexual education and risk behaviors.
Introducción: existe una creciente preocupación por el riesgo de los adolescentes ante la infección de por ITS/VIH. El condón es una de las estrategias más efectivas de prevención de las ITS/VIH, pero no se cuenta con información acerca de conocimiento, información o uso de condón en adolescentes en el Perú. Objectivo: evaluar conocimientos acerca de ITS/VIH, fuentes de información y conductas sexuales y analizar los factores asociados a experiencia sexual y uso de condones en adolescentes peruanos.Métodos: se realizó una encuesta de base poblacional utilizando un muestreo multietápico en 3 ciudades del Perú. La encuesta incluyó a 2,607 adolescentes con edades entre 12 y 19 años. Resultados: más de 80% de los adolescentes reportaron haberescuchado alguna vez acerca de las ITS, reconociendo como principal fuente de información a sus profesores(as) de colegio, sin embargo el 40% describió la educación sexual ofrecida en la escuela como insufi ciente. 21.8% de las mujeres, 41.8% de los varones de 15-19 años, y 1.4% de las mujeres, 4.1% de los varones de 12-14 años reportaron haber tenido alguna vez sexo. Sólo un tercio de los adolescentes reportaron haber usado condón en su primera relación sexual. Se encontró una asociación positiva entre experiencia sexual y el reporte de insufi ciente educación sexual en el caso de los varones (OR: 1.7 [1.1-2.6]).En mujeres, el reporte de que la escuela era la principal fuente deinformación acerca de sexo se asoció de manera positiva con el uso de condón en su última relación sexual (OR: 35.7 [6.0-213.4]). En el caso de varones, el uso de condón en su última relación sexual se asoció al conocimiento de dónde obtenerlos (OR: 39.6 [3.8- 414.6]. Conclusión: los resultados enfatizan las diferencias por género en los predictores de experiencia sexual y uso de condón en adolescentes, y la importancia de la conexión entre educación sexual y conducta sexual.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Saúde do Adolescente , Preservativos , Comportamento Sexual , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Relatos de CasosRESUMO
La publicación describe los resultados del estudio diagnóstico en adolescentes en el Perú con una muestra representativa de adolescentes y sus madres en Huancayo, Iquitos y Lima. Los resultados de esa investigación revelan la delicada situación de riesgo de los y las adolescentes y el rol crucial que juegan los padres y madres, maestros y la propia escuela, para remodelarla
Assuntos
Educação Sexual , Planejamento Familiar , Saúde Reprodutiva , PeruRESUMO
La presente publicación describe los resultados del estudio diagnóstico en adolescentes en el Perú con una muestra representativa de adolescentes y sus madres en Huancayo, Iquitos y Lima. Los resultados de esa investigación revelan la delicada situación de riesgo de los y las adolescentes y el rol crucial que juegan los padres y madres, maestros y la propia escuela, para remodelarla(AU)