RESUMO
This paper explores 2 different probabilistic models explaining willingness to pay premium prices for high-quality cured products from the swine industry. Seven cured pork products (sausage, fuet, ham, loin, shoulder, salami and pepperoni) were studied in 9 food-stores in Valladolid, Spain. Consumers of the products were interviewed (686 completed surveys). It was found by using mixed effect statistical models that the relationship between willingness to pay a premium price and customer satisfaction had nonlinear behavior, following an S-shape with inverted slope which was the first empirical evidence of this type of behavior in meat products in real market conditions. It was also established that the interaction between satisfaction and current expenditure on the product was significant and indispensable for explaining consumers' willingness to pay premium price for cured pork products.
Assuntos
Comércio/economia , Comportamento do Consumidor/economia , Carne/economia , Animais , Indústria Alimentícia , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários , Suínos , PaladarRESUMO
Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is one of the most limiting diseases in solanaceous crops in the world. This pathogen is a main constraint in the highland Andes, where these plants are grown under high humidity conditions and continuous cropping. The aim of this research was to increase the available information on the biology of P. infestans, specifically on its level of genetic variation in south-western Colombia, an area where various solanaceous crops susceptible to this pathogen converge. The study was carried out by using AFLP molecular markers with the restriction enzymes EcoRI and MseI and different primer combinations. Results indicated a low level of genetic variation among the 26 isolates evaluated, with only 18 polymorphic bands out of 135 amplicons obtained (13.43%), a Nei's genetic diversity index of 0.04, and a Shannon's information index of 0.06.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Phytophthora infestans/genética , Colômbia , Phytophthora infestans/isolamento & purificação , Solanum/microbiologiaRESUMO
Objetivo. Determinar la toxicidad de extractos etanólicos de Annona muricata, Melia azedarach, y Ricinus communis sobre larvas de cuarto estadio de Aedes aegypti.Métodos. Mediante un diseño completamente al azar se realizaron bioensayos para determinar la toxicidad de diferentes concentraciones de extractos vegetales sobre Ae. aegypti.Resultados. Los valores de LC50 (concentración letal media) hallados son: A. muricata, 900 ppm (IC 95 por ciento: 380-1300); M. azedarach, 1800 ppm (IC 95 por ciento: 150-2100); R. communis, 860 ppm (IC95 por ciento:451-1500).Conclusiones. Los resultados de toxicidad se consideran promisorios por estar por debajo de la concentración máxima (5 000 ppm) recomendada por la Agenda de Cooperación Técnica Alemana (GTZ). Es necesario evaluar las fracciones de los extractos para detectar posible actividad a concentraciones menores...
Assuntos
Aedes , Dengue , Dengue Grave , Inseticidas , Colômbia , DensovirinaeRESUMO
Se realizaron bioensayos con los extractos etanólicos de las especies vegetales Annona muricata, Mammea americana, Melia azedarach, Ricinus communis y los insecticidas nicotinay deltametrina sobre ninfas y huevos de R. prolixus y R. pallescens. Se determinó la toxicidad, repelencia y actividad ovicida. Los valores mas bajos de CL50 expresados en por ciento p/p obtenidos respectivamente para R. prolixus y R. pallescens fueron: A. muricata 1,02 y 1,74; M. azedarach 1,77 y 1,74. El extracto de M.americana presentó menor actividad insecticida sobre las dos especies de triatominos: CL50 4,33 y 2,61. La repelencia osciló entre 51 y 58% y la eclosión de los huevos fue inhibida entre 10 y 25%. Los resultados de toxicidad se consideran poco promisorios por sersuperiores a la concentración máxima de 5.000 ppm recomendada por la GTZ.