RESUMO
Excess Leu reduces the availability of Ile and Val in pigs likely by reducing absorption of the latter amino acids (AA). Twenty-four crossbred pigs were used to evaluate the effect of excess Leu alone or with surplus Ile and Val on the expression of cationic (b(0),(+)AT and CAT1) and neutral (B(0)AT1) AA transporters in the small intestine, liver, and skeletal muscle. Dietary treatments included: 1) basal diet; 2) basal plus 0.43% L-Leu (excess Leu); 3) basal plus 0.43% Leu, 0.20% L-Ile, and 0.25% L-Val (excess Leu, Ile, and Val). The basal diet contained 0.90% standardized ileal digestible Lys, as well as crystalline L-Lys, L-Thr, DL-Met, L-Trp, L-Leu, L-Ile, L-His, and L-Val. Diets 2 and 3 contained 52% more Leu and diet 3 contained 42% more Ile and Val compared with the basal diet. Excess Leu or excess Leu, Ile, and Val reduced b(0),(+)AT expression in the jejunum (P < 0.05) but had no effect in the ileum and liver. Excess Leu increased CAT1 expression in the ileum but reduced expression in the liver (P < 0.05). Excess Leu, Ile, and Val increased (P < 0.05) B(0)AT1 expression in the jejunum and tended to increase (P = 0.10) expression in the ileum. In general, b(0),(+)AT expression was higher but CAT1 expression was lower in the jejunum than in the ileum; B0AT1 was similarly expressed in the jejunum and ileum. Excess Leu or any branched-chain AA affects AA transporter expression, which may affect the absorption and availability of AA for animal growth.
Assuntos
Sistemas de Transporte de Aminoácidos/genética , Aminoácidos de Cadeia Ramificada , Ração Animal , Expressão Gênica , Intestino Delgado/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Aminoácidos de Cadeia Ramificada/administração & dosagem , Animais , Íleo/metabolismo , Jejuno/metabolismo , SuínosAssuntos
Cefaclor/farmacocinética , Cefalosporinas/farmacocinética , Adulto , Área Sob a Curva , Cefaclor/sangue , Cefalosporinas/sangue , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Masculino , MéxicoRESUMO
Brazil has a young population and areas of endemic mansoni schistosomiasis where Wilson's disease might be easily misdiagnosed in patients erroneously classified as having either the hepatosplenic or the hepatointestinal form of the helminthiasis. Twenty five patients with the "hepatic form" of Wilson's disease (14 males and 11 females) were investigated in Belo Horizonte, MG; the mean age was 13.7 years (3 to 22). Nineteen had hepatomegaly (76%) and nine splenomegaly (36%). Twenty two (88%) had cirrhosis. The Kaiser-Fleisher ring was detected in fifteen (60%). Four (16%) had clear neurological abnormalities. Eleven (44%) had ascitis and/or jaundice. Ninety one point three per cent and 92% had low ceruloplasmin and copper serum levels respectively. Eighty four point two per cent showed an increased 24 hours urinary copper excretion; seven patients in whom hepatic copper was determined had increased values. Six out of nine had at least a ten fold increase in 24 hours urinary copper excretion following penicillamine use ("penicillamine test"). Three out of 19 patients (15.8%) had mansoni schistosoma ova in stools examination, a common prevalence in our population. Their biopsies showed inactive cirrhosis without schistosomiasis-associated alterations. At least fourteen patients (56%) could be misdiagnosed as having hepatointestinal or hepatosplenic schistosomisis when in fact they suffered from Wilson's disease with or without asymptomatic intestinal schistosomiasis, losing the chance of an early treatment. The follow-up time of 22 patients was 52 months (1 to 96); eight (36.3%) died, four from bleeding esphageal varices, three from terminal hepatic failure and one from fulminant liver failure. The majority of the patients, including those who died, had abandomned the use of penicillamine or had taken it irregularly, due mainly to its highly expensive cost. A 17 year old patient underwent a successful liver transplant in 1989.
Assuntos
Degeneração Hepatolenticular/diagnóstico , Hepatopatias/etiologia , Esquistossomose mansoni/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cobre/urina , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Seguimentos , Degeneração Hepatolenticular/etiologia , Degeneração Hepatolenticular/terapia , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/patologia , Hepatopatias/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Esquistossomose mansoni/diagnósticoRESUMO
Se estudiaron los cultivos faringeos de 1,352 preescolares y se concluyo que la prevalencia de estreptococos beta hemolitico fue de 7.6%. No hubo cardiopatias. De todos modos un numero que no se puede precisar, de estos pacientes son, ademas de portadores, potencialmente susceptibles de enfermar del corazon. Se hace enfasis en la conveniencia de llevar a cabo este plan de encuesta y profilaxis primaria en Mexico, en forma mas amplia
Assuntos
Criança , Humanos , Prevenção Primária , Cardiopatia Reumática , Streptococcus pyogenesRESUMO
A study was made in 11,314 school-age children to determine the prevalence of streptococcus pyogenes group A. The children studied belonged to a low socioeconomic group of one of the political boroughs of the Federal District. The prevalence found was 6.86%. There were no differences in the percentage of carriage according to the school surveyed or the school grade studied. However, marked differences were found when the presence of arthralgias was related to the carriage of streptococcus. Children complaining of artharlgias showed twice as much streptococcus in their pharynx than the ones not carrying it.