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Resumo: Escrito sob a forma de um ensaio teórico, o artigo levanta reflexões sobre o modo de gestão do orçamento público no Brasil e sua articulação com dois eixos temáticos: tratamento da dívida pública e promoção de políticas sociais. As considerações finais apontam para a possibilidade de associar as práticas na gestão do orçamento federal brasileiro e um estado de exceção econômica perpetuado ao longo do tempo e, como desdobramento, limitante da promoção de direitos de proteção social.
Abstract: Written in the form of a theoretical essay, the article raises reflections on the way the public budget is managed in Brazil and its articulation with two thematic axes: austerity, treatment of public debt and promotion of social policies. Final considerations point to the possibility of associating practices in the management of the Brazilian federal budget and a state of economic exception perpetuated over time and, as a result, limiting the promotion of social protection rights.
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Introdução: Dificuldades de acesso aos alimentos e o distanciamento social desencadearam mais ansiedade, estresse e consumo de alimentos de baixo custo e ultraprocessados. Objetivo: Investigar as mudanças no comportamento alimentar e a relação deste com os aspectos socioeconômicos. Método: Estudo realizado virtualmente entre maio e junho de 2020 com 949 adultos, com questionários de dados socioeconômicos, mudanças no comportamento alimentar, frequência do consumo alimentar e o TFEQ-21. A análise foi realizada de forma descritiva e o TFEQ-21 de acordo com os escores de cada fator. A relação entre as variáveis foi analisada pelo teste de correlação de Pearson. Resultados: 63% consideraram cozinhar mais alimentos, 41% e 38% referiram maior possibilidade comer com companhia e com tranquilidade, respectivamente. Além disso, 38,6% reduziram compra de fast-food, mas 43,2% aumentaram o consumo alimentar e 41,8% o consumo de doces. Em mulheres, quanto maior o IMC, maior alimentação emocional e restrição cognitiva (p<0,001). Nestas, o comer emocional era maior se não possuíam filhos nem ensino superior (p<0,001), e a restrição era maior com a atividade física, não possuir relacionamento estável, ter filhos (p<0,001), emprego e ensino superior (p<0,05). Nos homens, o comer emocional se relacionou ao maior IMC (p<0,05) e ambas variáveis estavam relacionados à atividade física (p<0,001). Conclusão: Mudanças como cozinhar mais, reduzir fast-food, comer com tranquilidade e com companhia foram observadas comparados a antes da pandemia. Nota-se que nas mulheres há maior relação da restrição e do comer emocional com diversos aspectos do contexto social e econômico (AU).
Introduction: Difficulties in accessing food and social distancing triggered more anxiety, stress and consumption of low-cost and ultra-processed foods. Objective: To investigate changes in eating behavior and its relationship with socioeconomic aspects. Method: Study conducted virtually between May and June 2020 with 949 adults, with questionnaires on socioeconomic data, changes in eating behavior, frequency of food consumption and the TFEQ-21. The analysis was performed descriptively and the TFEQ-21 according to the scores of each factor. The relationship between the variableswas analyzed using Pearson's correlation test. Results: 63% considered cooking more food, 41% and 38% said they were more likely to eat with company and in peace, respectively. 38.6% reduced fast-food purchases, but 43.2% increased food consumption and 41.8% consumption of sweets. In women, the higher the BMI, the greater the emotional eating and cognitive restriction (p<0.001). In these, emotional eating was greater if they did not have children or higher education (p<0.001), and the restriction was greater with physical activity, not having a stable relationship, having children (p<0.001), employment and higher education (p<0.05). In men, emotional eating was related to higher BMI (p<0.05) and both variables were related to physical activity (p<0.001). Conclusion: Changes such as cooking more, reducing fast food, eating calmly and with company were observed compared to before the pandemic. It is noted that in women there is a greater relationship between restriction and emotional eating with various aspects of the social and economic context (AU).
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , COVID-19/psicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The Muscularity-Oriented Eating Test (MOET) is a 15-item unidimensional scale, designed to assess eating practices that occur in the pursuit of a muscular body. The aim of the present study was to describe the translation and cultural adaptation of the MOET to Brazilian Portuguese, to explore its factor structure and measurement invariance, and to evaluate its internal consistency, three-week test-retest reliability, and convergent validity in a community sample of Brazilian men and women. METHOD: After the back-translation procedure, the Brazilian MOET was administered online to a sample of 1246 adults (634 men and 612 women), along with measures of drive for muscularity, muscle dysmorphia symptoms, muscular/athletic-ideal internalization, disordered eating behaviors, and exercise dependence. RESULTS: Findings from an exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis revealed a one-factor structure and adequate internal consistency for men (ω = 0.86; α = 0.86) and women (ω = .84; α = .83). Measurement invariance across gender was supported. In addition, the scale demonstrated good three week test-retest reliability for both men (ICC = .96; p < .001) and women (ICC = .92; p < .001), and the subscales revealed moderate to large associations with drive for muscularity, muscle dysmorphia symptoms, muscular/athletic-ideal internalization, disordered eating, and exercise dependence. CONCLUSION: This study supports the validity and reliability of the MOET in a community sample of Brazilian men and women and represents an advance in measures of muscularity-oriented disordered eating in Brazilian adults, allowing for future cross-cultural studies in this field. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE: The Muscularity-Oriented Eating Test (MOET) is a measure of muscularity-oriented disordered eating, which assess strict adherence to diet rules, including the food's macronutrient content, regulation of protein intake, and eating less or more to influence muscle gain. This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the MOET in a community sample of Brazilian men and women. Our findings represent an advance in measures of muscularity-oriented disordered eating in Brazilian adults.
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Imagem Corporal , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos , Adulto , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Brasil , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Músculo Esquelético , Impulso (Psicologia) , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/diagnóstico , Inquéritos e Questionários , PsicometriaRESUMO
Abstract Women have been dissatisfied with their own appearance. This study aimed to evaluate whether the media can influence changes in body image regarding weight concern, satisfaction and dysfunctional investment of one's own appearance in female runway models and non-models. This survey was composed of Brazilian women, models who were linked with an agency, and non-models. Data collection was carried out using Google Forms, sending links to invite eligible subjects. In total, 102 models and 247 non-models participated in the survey. Sample Characterization Questionnaire, weight and height reports for the Body Mass Index, Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3), Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire - Appearance Scales (MBRSQ /AS) and Appearance Schemas Inventory - Revised (ASI-R) were used. The result showed that non-models are more susceptible to pressure from the media and that having body measurements considered ideal, like models, reduces social pressure on the body.
Resumo Mulheres têm se mostrado insatisfeitas com a própria aparência. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar se a mídia pode influenciar alterações na imagem corporal em relação à preocupação com o peso, satisfação e investimento disfuncional da própria aparência no público de mulheres modelos de passarela e não-modelos. Pesquisa utilizou brasileiras, modelos que foram vinculadas a uma agência, e não-modelos. Coleta foi realizada pelo Google Forms com envio de links convidando as participantes. Participaram da pesquisa 102 modelos e 247 não-modelos. Instrumentos utilizados foram um Questionário de Caracterização da Amostra, relato de peso/altura para o Índice de Massa Corporal, Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3), Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire - Appearance Scales (MBRSQ/AS) e Appearance Schemas Inventory - Revised (ASI-R). Resultado demonstrou que as não-modelos estão mais suscetíveis às pressões da mídia e que ter as medidas corporais consideradas ideais, como as modelos, diminui a pressão social sobre o corpo.
Resumen Las mujeres están insatisfechas con su propria apariencia física. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si los medios de comunicación pueden influir en la imagen corporal de las mujeres respecto a la preocupación por el peso, la satisfacción e inversión disfuncional de la propia apariencia en mujeres modelos de pasarela y las no modelos. Se utilizó una muestra de mujeres brasileñas, modelos vinculadas a una agencia y no modelos. Se recogieron datos de Google Forms. Se contó con la participación de 102 modelos y 247 no modelos. Se utilizaron los cuestionarios: Caracterización de Muestras, relato de peso/altura para el Índice de Masa Corporal, Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3), Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire - Appearance Scales (MBRSQ/AS) y Appearance Schemas Inventory - Revised (ASI-R). Los resultados indicaron que las mujeres no modelos están más susceptibles a la presión de los medios de comunicación, y que tener medidas corporales consideradas ideales como las de las modelos reduce la presión social sobre el cuerpo.
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Humanos , Feminino , Imagem Corporal , Status SocialRESUMO
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in the general population, carrying a high morbimortality burden, and this also holds true in cancer patients. The association between AF and cancer goes even further, with some studies suggesting that AF can be a marker of occult cancer. There is, however, a remarkable paucity of data concerning specific challenges of AF management in cancer patients. AF prompt recognition and management in this special population can lessen the arrhythmia-related morbidity and have an important prognostic benefit. This review will focus on current AF diagnosis and management challenges in cancer patients, with special emphasis on AF screening strategies and devices, and anticoagulation therapy with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anti-coagulants (NOACs) for thromboembolic prevention in these patients. Some insights concerning future perspectives for AF prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in this special population will also be addressed.
A fibrilação atrial (FA) é a arritmia cardíaca sustentada mais comum na população geral, tendo uma alta carga de morbimortalidade, e isso também é válido para pacientes com câncer. A associação entre FA e câncer vai ainda mais longe, com alguns estudos sugerindo que a FA pode ser um marcador de câncer oculto. Há, no entanto, uma notável escassez de dados sobre os desafios específicos do manejo da FA em pacientes com câncer. O reconhecimento e o manejo imediatos da FA nesta população especial podem diminuir a morbidade relacionada à arritmia e ter um importante benefício prognóstico. Esta revisão se concentrará nos desafios atuais de diagnóstico e manejo da FA em pacientes com câncer, com ênfase especial nas estratégias e dispositivos de rastreamento da FA e na terapia de anticoagulação com anticoagulantes orais não antagonistas da vitamina K (NOACs) para prevenção tromboembólica nesses pacientes. Alguns insights sobre as perspectivas futuras para a prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento da FA nesta população especial também serão abordados.
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Fibrilação Atrial , Neoplasias , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Administração Oral , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Humanos , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Resumo A fibrilação atrial (FA) é a arritmia cardíaca sustentada mais comum na população geral, tendo uma alta carga de morbimortalidade, e isso também é válido para pacientes com câncer. A associação entre FA e câncer vai ainda mais longe, com alguns estudos sugerindo que a FA pode ser um marcador de câncer oculto. Há, no entanto, uma notável escassez de dados sobre os desafios específicos do manejo da FA em pacientes com câncer. O reconhecimento e o manejo imediatos da FA nesta população especial podem diminuir a morbidade relacionada à arritmia e ter um importante benefício prognóstico. Esta revisão se concentrará nos desafios atuais de diagnóstico e manejo da FA em pacientes com câncer, com ênfase especial nas estratégias e dispositivos de rastreamento da FA e na terapia de anticoagulação com anticoagulantes orais não antagonistas da vitamina K (NOACs) para prevenção tromboembólica nesses pacientes. Alguns insights sobre as perspectivas futuras para a prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento da FA nesta população especial também serão abordados.
Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in the general population, carrying a high morbimortality burden, and this also holds true in cancer patients. The association between AF and cancer goes even further, with some studies suggesting that AF can be a marker of occult cancer. There is, however, a remarkable paucity of data concerning specific challenges of AF management in cancer patients. AF prompt recognition and management in this special population can lessen the arrhythmia-related morbidity and have an important prognostic benefit. This review will focus on current AF diagnosis and management challenges in cancer patients, with special emphasis on AF screening strategies and devices, and anticoagulation therapy with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anti-coagulants (NOACs) for thromboembolic prevention in these patients. Some insights concerning future perspectives for AF prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in this special population will also be addressed.
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Despite high levels of body dissatisfaction and an increasing drive for muscularity among Brazilian women, most of the existing literature on muscle dysmorphia focuses on men and has mainly been conducted in Western and English-speaking regions. As a result, one of the most widely used assessment tools for symptoms of the disorder, the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI), has not yet been evaluated in Brazilian women-an at-risk population. In the present study, we perform a psychometric evaluation of the Brazilian Portuguese translation of the MDDI in a sample of 515 women. We evaluated the factor structure using a two-step, split-sample exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic approach, which supported the original three-factor structure of the measure. Additionally, we found good internal consistency, convergent validity, and test-retest reliability of the measure. Collectively, these results support the use of the measure in Brazilian women and provide a foundation to expand the literature in this population.
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Imagem Corporal , Músculos , Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective To investigate whether caregivers' attitudes, beliefs, practices, alimentary habits, and nutritional status influence the alimentary habits and nutritional status of children aged six to nine years. Methods This cross-sectional study included 164 children and a family member (caregiver) each (n=164), carried out in the family health units of the municipality of Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil. Weight and height measurements were performed; each child was then evaluated by the application of both the Child Feeding Questionnaire and 24h recall (for calculating the Healthy Eating Index Revised), in addition to the assessment of adherence to healthy eating steps of the Ministry of Health, through a questionnaire. Results The results showed that the prevalence of being overweight was 18.3% in children and 32.9% in caregivers, and the prevalence of obesity was 15.9% and 37.9%, respectively. Most of the 56 children categorized as overweight also had overweight caregivers (82.1%; n=46). Concerns regarding children's weight control were higher among caregivers responsible for overweight children (3.6±1.29). In contrast, caregivers responsible for children below or at normal weight demonstrated a greater tendency toward getting children to eat (3.3±0.97 and 3.9±0.99, respectively). The average score; of the children's Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (50.0±13.6) was similar to that of their caregivers (56.5±12.1). Conclusions Caregivers have a direct influence on the nutritional status and eating habits of children; therefore, they should be targeted in the processes of nutritional intervention for the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.
RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo se propôs a investigar se atitudes, crenças, práticas, hábitos alimentares e estado nutricional dos responsáveis influenciam os hábitos alimentares e o estado nutricional de crianças de 6 a 9 anos. Methods Estudo transversal com 164 crianças e um respectivo responsável por sua alimentação (n=164), desenvolvido em Unidades de Saúde da Família do município de Ribeirão Preto (SP). Realizaram-se aferição de peso e estatura, aplicação do Questionário de Alimentação da Criança e Recordatório Alimentar de 24 horas (para cálculo do Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado), além de verificação da adesão aos Passos da Alimentação Saudável do Ministério da Saúde, por meio de um questionário. Results Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as prevalências de sobrepeso foram de 18,3% nas crianças e de 32,9% nos responsáveis, e as prevalências de obesidade foram de 15,9% e 37,9%, respectivamente. Os responsáveis da maioria das 56 crianças que apresentaram excesso de peso também tinham excesso de peso (82,1%; n=46). A preocupação com o peso da criança foi maior entre os responsáveis das crianças acima do peso (3,6±1,29). Por outro lado, uma maior pressão para comer foi identificada entre os responsáveis com crianças com baixo peso ou peso normal (3,3±0,97 e 3,9±0,99, respectivamente). O escore médio do Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado das crianças (50,0±13,6) foi muito similar ao dos responsáveis (56,5±12,1). Conclusions Os responsáveis exercem influência direta no estado nutricional e hábitos alimentares das crianças, devendo ser alvos nos processos de intervenção nutricional para a prevenção e o tratamento da obesidade infantil.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Criança , Estado Nutricional , Saúde da Família/estatística & dados numéricos , Nutrição da Criança , Comportamento AlimentarRESUMO
(1) Background: Due to its richness in chlorogenic acids (CGAs), Maté (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) could be of interest in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases, however clinical evidence are lacking. This trial aimed to evaluate the impact of maté CGAs, consumed in a daily dose achievable through traditional maté beverages, on parameters related to cardiometabolic risk. (2) Design: Thirty-four male volunteers aged 45-65 years and with at most one criteria of metabolic syndrome, were recruited for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and crossover study. The volunteers were assigned to consume an encapsulated dry maté extract for four-weeks, providing 580 mg of caffeoyl quinic acid derivatives (CQAs) daily, or a placebo, with a two weeks washout between intervention periods. Anthropometric variables, blood pressure, plasma glucose, lipids, endothelial, and inflammatory biomarkers were measured in overnight-fasted subjects and after a glucose load. (3) Results: We found no significant effects of treatment on these parameters and the response to the glucose load was also similar between the two interventions. However, a significant decrease in fasting glucose was observed between day 0 and day 28 for the maté group only (-0.57 ± 0.11 mmol/L, p < 0.0002). In subjects with an intermediate to high Framingham risk score, consumption of maté extract induced a 10% increase of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-c from baseline. In a subgroup representative of the study population, significant decreases in the C-reactive protein (CRP) (-50%) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (-19%) levels were observed. (4) Conclusions: These clinical observations suggest that maté, naturally rich in CGAs, could improve some cardiometabolic markers in subjects with a higher predisposition to metabolic syndrome, even if that remains to be confirmed in new trials specifically targeting this population.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Ilex paraguariensis , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Estudos Cross-Over , Método Duplo-Cego , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Humanos , Ilex paraguariensis/química , Interleucina-6/sangue , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Although the mechanisms by which statins promote muscle disorders remain unclear, supplementation with dietary antioxidants may mitigate statins' side effects. This study aimed to investigate whether the consumption of Brazil nuts modulates serum creatine kinase (CK) activity in patients regularly using statins. METHODS: The study was performed in the Ribeirão Preto Medical School University Hospital. Thirty-two patients in regular use of statins were divided according to CK activity levels (G1: increased or G2: normal) and received one unit of Brazil nut daily for 3 months. Body composition, blood selenium (Se) concentrations, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, oxidative stress parameters, and CK activity were evaluated before and after supplementation. RESULTS: In both groups, supplementation with one Brazil nut daily for 3 months contributed to achieve decreased levels of CK activity in serum, with positive changes in plasma and erythrocyte Se concentrations (p < 0.0001), and increased levels of GPX activity. Among the parameters related to curbing of oxidative stress, we observed reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in both groups after supplementation. We also found a moderately negative association between CK and GPX activity (r = -41; p < 0.02). Expression of selenoproteins GPX1, SELENOP, and SELENON after Brazil nut supplementation was unchanged. CONCLUSION: Brazil nut consumption enhanced the control of CK activity by improving oxidative stress biomarkers in patients using statins but did not modulate mRNA expression of selenoproteins.
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Bertholletia , Creatina Quinase/sangue , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Nozes , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Selenoproteínas/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Brasil , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Glutationa Peroxidase/sangue , Glutationa Peroxidase/genética , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Musculares/sangue , Proteínas Musculares/genética , RNA Mensageiro/sangue , Selenoproteína P/sangue , Selenoproteína P/genética , Selenoproteínas/sangue , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem , Glutationa Peroxidase GPX1RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the psychometric properties of the Brazilian adaptation of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales, a widely used instrument in body image research. METHODS: We translated the MBSRQ-AS and determined its psychometric properties among 2 community samples, totaling 387 men and 381 women, and 1 college sample of 104 men and 133 women, aged from 16 to 67 years old (totaling 1005 participants). Near half of the sample (n = 606) was recruited online (SurveyMonkey Database) and the other half was personally recruited from universities, technical schools and libraries. RESULTS: The translated version was similar to the original, and the items were easily understood. After the exclusion of the negatively worded questions, the Brazilian version had the same factor structure as the original MBSRQ-AS. Internal consistency ranged from .73 to .90 and test-retest reliability indices ranged from .76 to .92. The measure captured sex and weight status differences. Women reported significantly higher levels of investment in appearance, lower levels of satisfaction with specific parts of the body, higher concerns with being overweight, and classified themselves as heavier than men. Overweight and obese men and women reported lower satisfaction with specific parts of their bodies, higher concerns with being overweight, and classified themselves as heavier than their normal weight counterparts. Convergent validity was demonstrated by the significant correlations between the MBSRQ-AS subscales and investment in appearance, internalization of beauty ideals, disordered eating and self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the Brazilian MBSRQ-AS appears to be a good option for researchers in the country. Furthermore, the study provides substantial parameters for comparison with other adaptations of the instrument around the world. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, descriptive study.
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Imagem Corporal , Traduções , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We examined the psychometric properties of a Brazilian Portuguese translation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2; Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015). A sample of 990 Brazilian adults (560 women, 430 men; Mageâ¯=â¯31.10, SDâ¯=â¯8.94) completed the BAS-2 and measures of life satisfaction, self-esteem, actual-ideal weight discrepancy (women only), breast size dissatisfaction (women only), drive for muscularity (men only), and disordered eating behaviours. Exploratory factor analyses indicated that BAS-2 scores reduced to a single dimension with all 10 items in women and men. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the fit of this one-dimensional factor structure following freeing of error covariances between two pairs of items. BAS-2 scores achieved full scalar invariance across sex, and men had significantly higher BAS-2 scores than women. Internal consistency coefficients were adequate and test-retest reliability was supported up to three weeks in a subsample of 221 participants (140 women, 81 men). Evidence of construct validity was demonstrated through positive associations with indices of psychological well-being and negative associations with indices of negative body image and disordered eating behaviours. Availability of a Brazilian Portuguese translation of the BAS-2 should help to promote greater understanding of positive body image in the Brazilian context.
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Imagem Corporal , Psicometria/normas , Adulto , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Traduções , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Abstract Objectives: to determine the incidence of the main high oncogenic risk types of the human papillomavirus (HPV) ( 16, 18, 31 and 33) and the risk factors for cervical adenocarcinoma. Methods: a case-control study was carried out with 324 women (69 with adenocarcinoma and 260 healthy controls) between 2001 and 2014. Information on risk factors associated with adenocarcinomawere collected and the detection performed on HPVby using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Results: adenocarcinoma was associated with age ≥40 years old (OR=2.95; 95%CI=1.13-7.71), ≤3 years of schooling (OR=2.34; 95%CI=1.02-5.37), presence of HPV (OR=6.75; 95%CI=2.41-18.91),women in menopausal status (OR=4.76; 95%CI:1.70-13.31) black race (OR=6.71; 95%CI= 2.11-21.32) and never had undergone cervical cancer screening (OR=9.92; 95%CI:2.41-40.81). Andamong the HPV types detected, HPV 18 was observed to be strongly associated with adenocarcinoma of the cervix (OR=99.1; 95%CI=12.96-757.78). Conclusions: the factors associated with cervical adenocarcinoma were ≥40 years old, ≤3 years of schooling, black race, menopausal status, never had undergone cervical cancer screening and the presence of HPV.
Resumo Objetivos: determinar a incidência dos principais Papilomavirus Humano (HPV) de alto risco oncogênico (16, 18, 31 e 33) e os fatores associados ao adenocarcinoma do colo uterino. Métodos: realizado estudo de caso-controle com 324 mulheres (69 com adenocarcinoma e 260 controles saudáveis), de 2001 a 2014. Foram colhidas informações sobre fatores de risco associados ao adenocarcinoma e realizada a detecção do HPV pelo método da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). Resultados: o adenocarcinoma foi associado à idade >40 anos (OR=2,95; IC95%=1,13 - 7,71), escolaridade <3 anos (OR=2,34; IC95%=1,02 - 5,37), presença do HPV (OR=6,75; IC95%=2,41 - 18,91), mulher no estado menopausal (OR=4,76; IC 95%=1,70 - 13,31), raça negra (OR=6,71; IC95%=2,11 - 21,32) e nunca ter feito o exame de prevenção de Papanicolau (OR=9,92; IC95%=2,41 - 40,81). Entre os tipos de HPV encontrados observou-se que HPV 18 teve forte associação (OR=99,1; IC95%=12,96 - 757,78) com o adenocarcinoma de colo uterino. Conclusões: os fatores associados ao adenocarcinoma de colo uterino foram idade >40 anos, escolaridade <3 anos, raça negra, estado menopausal, nunca ter realizado o Papanicolau e presença do HPV.
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Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Papillomaviridae/genética , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Papillomaviridae/classificação , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Incidência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (APS) has grown dramatically around the world, especially in Brazil. Women were more dissatisfied with their appearance compared to men, and this is the main predictor for the search of APS. We investigated the body image (BI) and nutritional status (NS) of 40 adult women requesting APS - Clinical Group (G1, n = 20) - and 20 not requesting APS - Comparative Group (G2) - with similar age and socio-educational characteristics. We evaluated the biochemistry of blood, the BMI, and the percentage of body fat, with a statistically significant difference between G1 and G2 (p < 0.01). G1 showed a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, dissatisfaction with the overall appearance (p = 0.04) in the Body-Self-Relationships Questionnaire, concern with BMI (p = 0.04), and major investment in appearance (p = 0.04). Due to these potential indicators of mental health problems, psychological and nutritional monitoring is essential to prevent poor progression in APS.
Cirurgia Plástica Estética (CPE) cresceu drasticamente no mundo, especialmente no Brasil. Mulheres mostraram-se mais insatisfeitas com a aparência em relação aos homens, e esse é o principal preditor para a busca da CPE. Investigou-se a Imagem Corporal (IC) e o Estado Nutricional (EN) de 40 mulheres adultas solicitantes de CPE - Grupo Clínico (G1, n = 20) - e 20 não solicitantes de CPE - Grupo de Comparação (G2) - de características etárias e socioeducacionais semelhantes. Avaliaram-se a bioquímica do sangue, o IMC e a porcentagem de gordura corporal com diferenças estatísticas significativas entre G1 e G2 (p < 0, 01). O G1 apresentou maior prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade, insatisfação com a aparência geral (p = 0,04) no Body-Self-Relationships Questionnaire, grande preocupação com o IMC (p = 0,04) e grande investimento na aparência (p = 0,04). Em função desses potenciais indicadores de problemas de saúde mental, o monitoramento psicológico e nutricional é essencial para prevenir uma evolução negativa em CPE.
Cirugía Plástica Estética (CPE) creció drásticamente en Brasil y en el mundo. Mujeres se mostraron más insatisfechas con la apariencia que los hombres, siendo éste el principal predictor de búsqueda por CPE. Se ha investigado la imagen corporal (IC) y el estado nutricional (EN) de 40 mujeres adultas solicitantes de CPE - Grupo Clínico (G1, n = 20) - y 20 que no solicitó CPE - Grupo de Comparación (G2) - de características de edad e socioeducativa similares. Se evaluó la bioquímica de la sangre, el IMC y el % de grasa con diferencias significativas entre G1 y G2 (p < 0, 01). G1 mostró mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad, insatisfacción con la apariencia (p = 0.04) en el Body-Self-Relationships Questionnaire, preocupación por el IMC (p = 0.04) y mayor investidura en apariencia (p = 0.04). Debido a estos indicadores potenciales de problemas de salud mental, el monitoreo psicológico y nutricional es esencial para prevenir la mala progresión en CPE.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , EstéticaRESUMO
The present study examined the psychometric properties of a Brazilian Portuguese translation of the Breast Size Rating Scale (BSRS). A total of 194 Brazilian university women completed the BSRS along with measures of body satisfaction, body appreciation, weight discrepancy, and attitudes toward societal appearance ideals. They also had their actual bra size and body mass indices (BMIs) objectively measured. Results indicated evidence of adequate convergent validity insofar as greater breast size dissatisfaction was significantly associated with greater weight discrepancy, higher BMI, lower body appreciation, lower body satisfaction, greater use of information from society about appearance ideals, greater perceived pressure from society about appearance ideals, and greater internalisation of general and athletic appearance ideals, respectively. In our sample, 20.6% of women reported no breast size dissatisfaction, 65.5% desired a larger breast size, and 13.9% desired a smaller breast size. Findings demonstrate that BSRS scores are psychometrically sound and that breast size dissatisfaction is common among Brazilian women.
Assuntos
Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Tamanho Corporal , Mama , Satisfação Pessoal , Psicometria/instrumentação , Estudantes/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Psicometria/normas , Universidades , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Abstract Tucupi is a fermented liquid obtained from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), very much appreciated by the traditional cuisine of Northern Brazil. However, there are no scientific reports on its use in the formulation of products. Thus, the present study aimed to elaborate a powdered condiment with tucupi, as well as to assess the product's sensory acceptability and its hygroscopic behavior. The powdered tucupi used in the formulation of the condiment was obtained by drying in a spray dryer. The product underwent sensory evaluation for its acceptability regarding the attributes of color, aroma, flavor, and overall impression and a purchase intention test was applied by hedonic scale. The acceptability index was 80% for overall impression and the purchase intention test indicated that 94% of the judges would be willing to buy the product. The product's moisture sorption isotherms presented type-II behavior for adsorption and type-III for desorption, at 25 °C. The hygroscopic behavior indicated that the product is more susceptible to spoilage changes when stored in an environment with relative humidity above 60% and the Peleg model showed an excellent performance on predicting the product's moisture sorption isotherms.
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The main objective of this study was to investigate the daily intake of chlorogenic acids (CGAs) and methylxanthines by consumers of maté traditional beverages (MTBs), terere and chimarrão (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hill). In the studied population (450 citizens from Toledo, PR, Brazil), 63% consume the chimarrão and 37% terere, with weighted mean daily intakes estimated at 648-2160 and 244-746 mL, respectively. For every 100 mL of beverage consumed, the average amount of total phenol compounds extracted was 673.6 mg for chimarrão and 1184.9 mg for terere. Regarding CGAs composition, caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) constitute about 38.4% for chimarrão and 55.3% for terere, and dicaffeoylquinic acids (diCQAs) represent 61.6 and 44.7% of the extracted compounds, respectively. The daily intake of phenolic compounds by MTB consumers was estimated for chimarrão (512.5-1708.5 mg/day) and terere (583.0-1779.7 mg/day). These results allow us to conclude that MTBs are important dietary sources of CGAs, mainly CQAs and di-CQAs.
Assuntos
Bebidas/análise , Ácido Clorogênico/metabolismo , Ilex paraguariensis/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Ácido Clorogênico/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Ilex paraguariensis/química , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Xantinas/análise , Xantinas/metabolismo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a interferência do consumo de diferentes bebidas artesanais a base de carboidratos durante o treinamento sobre as concentrações plasmáticas de lactato e glicose e sensação afetiva de atletas da modalidade de Ginástica Rítmica (GR). O estudo foi desenvolvido com 10 atletas (14 a 19 anos) de GR, realizados em três dias consecutivos (1° dia: controle G1; 2° dia: Suplemento 1 G2; 3° dia: Suplemento 2 G3), com ingestão da bebida em três momentos distintos: no início do treino, 1 hora e 2 horas após. Os resultados permitem concluir que os suplementos foram eficientes para manter os níveis glicêmicos, além disso, as bebidas artesanais a base de carboidratos proporcionaram maior sensação de prazer diante do esforço realizado, principalmente o G3.
Abstract This study aimed to verify the influence of the consumption of different handmade drinks containing carbohydrates during training on lactate and glucose concentration and affective feeling of Rhythmic Gymnastics (RG) athletes. The study was conducted with 10 athletes (14-19 years) of RG, performed during three consecutive days (1st day: control G1, 2nd day: Supplement 1 G2, 3rd day: Supplement 2 G3), with intake at three different times: at the beginning of training, 1 hour and 2 hours after. The results showed that the supplements were effective in maintaining glucose; moreover, the handmade drinks containing carbohydrates provided greater sense of pleasure at the efforts, especially in G3.
Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar la influencia del consumo de diferentes bebidas preparadas artesanalmente que contienen hidratos de carbono durante el entrenamiento en la concentración plasmática de lactato y glucosa, y el sentimiento afectivo de atletas de gimnasia rítmica (GR). El estudio se llevó a cabo con 10 atletas (14-19 años) de GR, realizado durante 3 días consecutivos (primer día: control G1; segundo día: suplemento 1 G2, y tercer día: suplemento 2 G3), con la ingesta de la bebida en tres momentos diferentes: al comienzo del entreno, 1 hora y 2 horas después. Los resultados mostraron que los suplementos fueron efectivos en el mantenimiento de los niveles de glucosa; además, las bebidas preparadas artesanalmente que contienen hidratos de carbono proporcionan mayor sensación de placer por los esfuerzos realizados, especialmente en G3.
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Abstract: The Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) assesses parental attitudes, beliefs and practices about child feeding and obesity proneness. This research aimed to translate and to test the reliability of the CFQ and to evaluate this instrument in Brazilian families. The participants were 300 mothers and 300 children, aging from 2 to 11 years old, of both sexes. The translation, synthesis, back-translation, evaluation by an expert committee and pre-test were performed. Besides the application of questionnaire to mothers, data regarding anthropometric measurements in mothers and children was collected. The indexes of content validity index, test-retest reliability and internal consistencies were good. The parental factors Perceived parent weight, Perceived child weight, Concern about child weight, Restriction, Pressure to eat and Monitoring on child feeding were associated with overweight in childhood. In conclusion, these results highlight the validity and utility of the Brazilian version of the CFQ.
Resumo: O Questionário de Alimentação da Criança (QAC) avalia as crenças, atitudes e práticas dos pais em relação a alimentação e a propensão à obesidade dos filhos. Este estudo objetivou traduzir e testar a fidedignidade do QAC e avaliar este instrumento em famílias brasileiras. Os participantes foram 300 mães e 300 crianças, de 2 a 11 anos, de ambos os sexos. Realizou-se a tradução, síntese, retro-tradução, avaliação por comitê de especialistas e pré-teste.Para além da aplicação do questionário às mães, foram também recolhidos dados realtivos à avaliação antropométrica das mães e filhos. Os índices de validade de conteúdo, confiabilidade teste-reteste e consistência interna foram adequados. Os fatores Percepção do peso dos pais, Percepção do peso da criança, Preocupação com o peso da criança, Restrição, Pressão para comer e Monitoramento mostraram-se associados com a obesidade infantil. Em conclusão, esses resultados destacam a validade e a utilidade da versão brasileira do CFQ.
Resumen: El Cuestionario de Alimentación Infantil (acrónimo en inglés CFQ) evalúa las creencias, actitudes y prácticas de los padres con relación al poder y la propensión a la obesidad de los niños. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo traducir y poner a prueba la fiabilidad del CFQy evaluar este instrumento en las familias brasileñas. Los participantes fueron 300 madres y 300 niños, 2-11 años, de ambos géneros. La traducción, síntesis, retro traducción, evaluación por el comité de expertos y pre-test se llevaron a cabo. Además de la aplicación del cuestionario, también fueron recolectados datos relativos a la evaluación antropométrica de las madres y los niños. Los índices de validez de contenido, fiabilidad test-retest y consistencia interna fueron adecuados. Los factores Percepción del peso de los padrea, Percepción del peso del hijo, Preocupación con el peso del niño, Restricción, Presión para comer y Monitoreo estaban asociados con la obesidad infantil. En conclusión, estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la validez y utilidad de la versión brasileña del CFQ.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Comportamento Alimentar , Obesidade Infantil , Inquéritos e Questionários , TraduçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The effects of cafeteria and high fat diets were investigated on animal models of behavior. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were treated with Control (C), Cafeteria (CD) and High Fat (FD) diets and tested in the Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM) and Morris Water Maze (MWM) procedures. Body weight, length, abdominal circumference, retroperitoneal and epididymal adipose tissues were recorded. Physical parameters, weight of tissues, EPM, and MWM data were subjected to ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: There were no differences on weight and length parameters between CD and C rats up to 98 days of age. However, abdominal circumferences were higher in CD as compared to C at 35 and 70 days of age, respectively, the 5th and the 7th weeks. FD presented lower measures of weight and abdominal circumference; nevertheless there was an increase on those parameters at the end of the nutritional treatment. Even without an apparent weight gain of CD and FD these animals presented a greater accumulation of retroperitoneal and epididymal adipose tissues. In addition, CD and FD demonstrated behaviors that can suggest lower anxiety. CD showed a better learning performance and FD showed better recall of previous learned information in the memory retention test. DISCUSSION: According to those data it was concluded that hypercaloric diet ingestion was capable of triggering metabolic alterations and possibly lowering anxiety associated to learning or memory improvement on a spatial task.