RESUMO
Salmonella enterica is a major food-borne pathogen that affects cattle-rearing systems worldwide. Little information is available on the epidemiology and pathology of salmonellosis and the virulence genes (VGs) carried by Salmonella in spontaneous outbreaks in cattle. We describe epidemiological findings in 15 fatal outbreaks of salmonellosis in Uruguayan dairy farms and the age, clinical signs, and pathology in 20 affected calves. We also describe the serotypes and frequencies of 17 VGs in the causative Salmonella strains and explore their associations with epidemiological, clinical, and pathological findings. Salmonella Typhimurium and Dublin were identified in 11/15 and 4/15 outbreaks, respectively. The most frequent reason for consultation was digestive disease (8 outbreaks caused by S. Typhimurium), followed by sudden death (4 outbreaks, 3 caused by S. Dublin). Morbidity, mortality, and lethality ranged 4.8-100%, 3.8-78.9%, and 10-100%, without significant differences between serotypes. Diarrhea, the most common clinical sign (14 cases), was associated with the Typhimurium serotype (OR = 26.95), especially in ≤ 30-day-old calves with fibrinous enteritis as the main autopsy finding. The Dublin serotype affected ≥ 50-day-old calves and was associated with fibrinosuppurative splenitis (p = 0.01) and tubulointerstitial nephritis (OR = 48.95). The chances of the Dublin serotype increased significantly with age. There was low variability of VG across serotypes. The pefA gene was associated with the Typhimurium serotype (OR = 21.95), macroscopic enteritis (p = 0.03), and microscopic fibrinosuppurative splenitis (p = 0.04). Understanding the epidemiology, pathology, and virulence of S. enterica at the farm level is key to delineating prevention and control strategies to mitigate its impact on animal and human health.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Intoxicação Alimentar por Salmonella , Salmonelose Animal , Salmonella enterica , Humanos , Animais , Bovinos , Salmonella typhimurium , Virulência , Salmonelose Animal/microbiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Surtos de DoençasRESUMO
Oral tolerance blocks the development of specific immune responses to proteins ingested by the oral route. One of the first registries of oral tolerance showed that guinea pigs fed corn became refractory to hypersensitivity to corn proteins. Mice fed with chow containing corn are tolerant to zein, and parenteral injection of zein plus adjuvant blocks immunization to unrelated proteins injected concomitantly and reduces unspecific inflammation. Extensive and prolonged inflammatory infiltrate in the wound bed is one of the causes of pathological wound healing. Previous research shows that intraperitoneal injection of zein concomitant with skin injuries reduces the inflammatory infiltrate in the wound bed and improves wound healing. Herein, we tested if one subcutaneous injection of zein before skin injury improves wound healing. We also investigated how long the effects triggered by zein could improve skin wound healing. Mice fed zein received two excisional wounds on the interscapular skin under anesthesia. Zein plus Al(OH)3 was injected at the tail base at 10 min, or 3, 5, or 7 days before skin injuries. Wound healing was analyzed at days 7 and 40 after injury. Our results showed that a zein injection up to 5 days before skin injury reduced the inflammatory infiltrate, increased the number of T-cells in the wound bed, and improved the pattern of collagen deposition in the neodermis. These findings could promote the development of new strategies for the treatment and prevention of pathological healing using proteins normally found in the common diet.
Assuntos
Pele , Cicatrização , Animais , Colágeno , Cobaias , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Injeções Subcutâneas , CamundongosRESUMO
Oral tolerance blocks the development of specific immune responses to proteins ingested by the oral route. One of the first registries of oral tolerance showed that guinea pigs fed corn became refractory to hypersensitivity to corn proteins. Mice fed with chow containing corn are tolerant to zein, and parenteral injection of zein plus adjuvant blocks immunization to unrelated proteins injected concomitantly and reduces unspecific inflammation. Extensive and prolonged inflammatory infiltrate in the wound bed is one of the causes of pathological wound healing. Previous research shows that intraperitoneal injection of zein concomitant with skin injuries reduces the inflammatory infiltrate in the wound bed and improves wound healing. Herein, we tested if one subcutaneous injection of zein before skin injury improves wound healing. We also investigated how long the effects triggered by zein could improve skin wound healing. Mice fed zein received two excisional wounds on the interscapular skin under anesthesia. Zein plus Al(OH)3 was injected at the tail base at 10 min, or 3, 5, or 7 days before skin injuries. Wound healing was analyzed at days 7 and 40 after injury. Our results showed that a zein injection up to 5 days before skin injury reduced the inflammatory infiltrate, increased the number of T-cells in the wound bed, and improved the pattern of collagen deposition in the neodermis. These findings could promote the development of new strategies for the treatment and prevention of pathological healing using proteins normally found in the common diet.
RESUMO
Calcinose enzoótica, causada por Nierembergia rivularis, no Uruguai, e Nierembergia veitchii, no Brasil, é uma doença caracterizada por mineralização de tecidos moles, hiperplasia das células parafoliculares da tireoide e elevação nos níveis de cálcio e fósforo. Descreve-se um caso de hiperplasia e carcinoma de células parafoliculares bilateral em um ovino de quatro anos, com calcinose enzoótica associada à intoxicação por Nierembergia rivularis. O diagnóstico histológico de hiperplasia e carcinoma de células parafoliculares é suportado pelas marcações imuno-histoquímicas positivas para calcitonina, peptídeo relacionado ao gene da calcitonina e enolase neurônio específica. Como a hiperplasia de células parafoliculares é uma lesão pré-neoplásica induzida por hipercalcemia, sugere-se que a hipercalcemia crônica causada pela intoxicação por N. rivularis pode ter induzido hiperplasia de células parafoliculares seguida de transformação em carcinoma, neste caso. Os efeitos carcinogênicos das plantas calcinogênicas no sistema endócrino devem ser melhor explorados.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Intoxicação por Plantas/veterinária , Calcinose/veterinária , Ovinos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/veterinária , Células Epiteliais da Tireoide/patologia , Plantas TóxicasRESUMO
Calcinose enzoótica, causada por Nierembergia rivularis, no Uruguai, e Nierembergia veitchii, no Brasil, é uma doença caracterizada por mineralização de tecidos moles, hiperplasia das células parafoliculares da tireoide e elevação nos níveis de cálcio e fósforo. Descreve-se um caso de hiperplasia e carcinoma de células parafoliculares bilateral em um ovino de quatro anos, com calcinose enzoótica associada à intoxicação por Nierembergia rivularis. O diagnóstico histológico de hiperplasia e carcinoma de células parafoliculares é suportado pelas marcações imuno-histoquímicas positivas para calcitonina, peptídeo relacionado ao gene da calcitonina e enolase neurônio específica. Como a hiperplasia de células parafoliculares é uma lesão pré-neoplásica induzida por hipercalcemia, sugere-se que a hipercalcemia crônica causada pela intoxicação por N. rivularis pode ter induzido hiperplasia de células parafoliculares seguida de transformação em carcinoma, neste caso. Os efeitos carcinogênicos das plantas calcinogênicas no sistema endócrino devem ser melhor explorados.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Intoxicação por Plantas/veterinária , Calcinose/veterinária , Ovinos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/veterinária , Células Epiteliais da Tireoide/patologia , Plantas TóxicasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pelvic floor muscles (PFM) and rectus abdominis muscles (RAM) of pregnant diabetic rats exhibit atrophy, co-localization of fast and slow fibers and an increased collagen type I/III ratio. However, the role of similar PFM or RAM hyperglycemic-related myopathy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains poorly investigated. This study aims to assess the frequency of pelvic floor muscle disorders and pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence (PS-UI) 12 months after the Cesarean (C) section in women with GDM. Specifically, differences in PFM/RAM hyperglycemic myopathy will be evaluated. METHODS: The Diamater is an ongoing cohort study of four groups of 59 pregnant women each from the Perinatal Diabetes Research Centre (PDRC), Botucatu Medical School (FMB)-UNESP (São Paulo State University), Brazil. Diagnosis of GDM and PS-UI will be made at 24-26 weeks, with a follow-up at 34-38 weeks of gestation. Inclusion in the study will occur at the time of C-section, and patients will be followed at 24-48 h, 6 weeks and 6 and 12 months postpartum. Study groups will be classified as (1) GDM plus PS-UI; (2) GDM without PS-UI; (3) Non-GDM plus PS-UI; and (4) Non-GDM without PS-UI. We will analyze relationships between GDM, PS-UI and hyperglycemic myopathy at 12 months after C-section. The mediator variables to be evaluated include digital palpation, vaginal squeeze pressure, 3D pelvic floor ultrasound, and 3D RAM ultrasound. RAM samples obtained during C-section will be analyzed for ex-vivo contractility, morphological, molecular and OMICS profiles to further characterize the hyperglycemic myopathy. Additional variables to be evaluated include maternal age, socioeconomic status, educational level, ethnicity, body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy, quality of glycemic control and insulin therapy. DISCUSSION: To our knowledge, this will be the first study to provide data on the prevalence of PS-UI and RAM and PFM physical and biomolecular muscle profiles after C-section in mothers with GDM. The longitudinal design allows for the assessment of cause-effect relationships between GDM, PS-UI, and PFMs and RAMs myopathy. The findings may reveal previously undetermined consequences of GDM.
Assuntos
Diabetes Gestacional/fisiopatologia , Doenças Musculares/fisiopatologia , Incontinência Urinária/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Brasil , Cesárea , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Ganho de Peso na Gestação , Humanos , Idade Materna , Contração Muscular/fisiologia , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Palpação , Diafragma da Pelve/fisiopatologia , Período Pós-Parto , Gravidez , Reto do Abdome/fisiopatologia , VaginaRESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: As doenças cardiovasculares estão entre as principais causas de mortalidade global e, dentre elas, destaca-se a doença arterial coronariana (DAC), cujo diagnóstico precoce e prevenção ainda continuam sendo a melhor forma de tratamento. O conhecimento do perfil clínico e angiográfico dos pacientes portadores de DAC é extremamente importante para a avaliação de risco, a partir da quantificação da extensão e gravidade da doença, assim como para o planejamento terapêutico e sucesso do tratamento. O nosso objetivo foi avaliar o perfil clínico e angiográfico dos pacientes submetidos a exame diagnóstico de cineangiocoronariografia em centro clínico de alto volume. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo e descritivo do perfil clínico-angiográfico dos pacientes >18 anos submetidos à cineangiocoronariografia diagnóstica no Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia de janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2018, excluindo os pacientes com cirurgia de revascularização prévia e doença valvar associada. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de um banco de dados institucional. RESULTADOS: Um total de 25649 pacientes foram incluídos, sendo 59,4% do sexo masculino, com média das idades de 66,1 anos. Os fatores de risco cardiovasculares mais frequentemente encontrados foram: hipertensão arterial sistêmica (80,5%), dislipidemia (60,5%), diabetes mellitus (32,3%), tabagismo (40,9%), e doença renal crônica (21,5%). O quadro clínico era de angina estável em 32,5%, síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) sem supra de ST em 20,4% incluindo SCA com supra de ST em 6,1%, e isquemia silenciosa/assintomáticos em 37,5%. Em relação ao perfil angiográfico, a doença arterial coronariana obstrutiva significativa (>50%) foi uni-, bi- ou tri arterial em, respectivamente, 25,7%, 17,5% e 12,22%, além do tronco da coronária esquerda em 1,4%. A partir do exame diagnóstico, a intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) foi realizada em 14,7% dos pacientes, predominantemente naqueles com apresentação clínica de SCA. Os vasos coronários tratados mais frequentes foram descendente anterior em 40,9%, coronária direita em 29,5% e circunflexa em 23,2%. O sucesso angiográfico foi evidenciado em 99,2% dos casos. Em relação aos desfechos clínicos na fase intra-hospitalar, foi reportado a ocorrência de óbito em 0,3% dos pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: A população estudada apresentou elevada prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovasculares e de doença coronária obstrutiva significativa. Já os pacientes submetidos a ICP subsequente, apresentaram elevada taxa de sucesso no procedimento. (AU)
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Humanos , Cineangiografia , DiagnósticoRESUMO
Salmonellosis is an enteric or multisystemic disease of global distribution that affects numerous animal species. Although Salmonella enterica has been associated with urinary tract lesions in man, information on urocystitis/ureteritis in cattle caused by salmonellae is lacking. This communication describes lesions of the inferior urinary tract in four Holstein calves with septicaemia caused by S. enterica subsp. enterica serotype Dublin. Examination of the urinary bladder revealed either diffuse irregular thickening (three cases) or petechiation (one case) of the mucosa. On histopathological examination, urocystitis with submucosal histiocytic, lymphocytic and plasmacytic infiltration and neutrophil transmigration through the urothelium was noted in all cases. In one case, a fibrinosuppurative ureteritis was detected. Salmonella Dublin was identified by culture, 16S rDNA sequencing and serotyping and Salmonella antigen was detected intralesionally by immunohistochemistry. Other lesions, indicative of septicaemia included hepatitis, enteritis, pericarditis, splenitis, lymphadenitis and pneumonia. We conclude that S. Dublin can be uropathogenic in cattle with septicaemia.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Salmonelose Animal/patologia , Sepse/veterinária , Infecções Urinárias/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Salmonella entericaRESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: Recentemente, o conceito dos chamados balões farmacológicos tem sido testado no tratamento da reestenose intra stent, como uma alternativa de tratamento sem implante adicional de outra camada de metal no sítio previamente tratado. Ainda que os balões farmacológicos com paclitaxel tenham se mostrado eficazes para esta finalidade, esta tecnologia ainda apresenta alguns desafios: o paclitaxel é sabidamente menos efetivo e mais tóxico que outros fármacos anti-proliferativos, em especial quando comparado ao sirolimus e seus análogos/derivados. No presente estudo avaliamos um novo balão-farmacológico (Magic Touch), que utiliza sirolimus na dose de 1,27µg/mm2 , depositado em solução excipiente (nano partícula), na concentração de 1:1. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, multicêntrico, de braço único, incluindo pacientes com reestenose tanto de stents nãofarmacológicos como farmacológicos, tratados com balão Magic Touch. Não foram incluídas reestenoses do tipo oclusiva. Os pacientes foram submetidos a avaliação angiográfica e com ultrassom (USIC) aos seis meses. O desfecho primário foi a avaliação do grau de supressão neointinamal aos seis meses pela angiografia (perda luminal) e USIC (% de obstrução luminal). RESULTADO: Um total de 17 pacientes foram incluídos, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (59%), com média de idade de 58 anos e com 60% de diabéticos. Metade da população tratada apresentava reestenose de stents farmacológicos e em 62% dos casos a reestenose era do tipo difusa/proliferativa. Sucesso angiográfico foi obtido em 100% dos casos. Aos 6 meses, a mediana da perda luminal tardia intra stent foi de 0,21mm [0,07; 0,51] ao passo que ao USIC, o% de obstrução luminal foi de 20% [18; 24]. Do ponto de vista clínico, ocorreu apenas um óbito, de causa não cardíaca. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo inicial em humanos, o balão farmacológico com sirolimus e nano partículas mostrou-se eficaz em reduzir a proliferação neointimal em pacientes com reestenose prévia de stents não-farmacológicos e/ou farmacológicos. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Reestenose Coronária , Nanocompostos , Stents FarmacológicosRESUMO
We describe the phenomenon of localization in the epidemic susceptible-infective-susceptible model on highly heterogeneous networks in which strongly connected nodes (hubs) play the role of centers of localization. We find that in this model the localized states below the epidemic threshold are metastable. The longevity and scale of the metastable outbreaks do not show a sharp localization transition; instead there is a smooth crossover from localized to delocalized states as we approach the epidemic threshold from below. Analyzing these long-lasting local outbreaks for a random regular graph with a hub, we show how this localization can be detected from the shape of the distribution of the number of infective nodes.
Assuntos
Epidemias/estatística & dados numéricos , Modelos Estatísticos , Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has become the treatment of choice in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) throughout the last years. A significant number of studies have demonstrated a morbidity and mortality benefit over thrombolysis, which has been attributed to better coronary perfusion in patients undergoing primary PCI. Even though it usually achieves normal flow in the affected epicardial vessel, myocardial reperfusion is not fully restored in a significant percentage of patients. This is commonly the result of distal thrombus embolization with subsequent impairment of myocardial microcirculation. Recognition of this has led to the development of a number of devices with different mechanisms, including thrombus aspiration catheters, in order to reduce distal embolization and therefore improve myocardial perfusion. Recent studies indeed demonstrate that the use of such devices offer additional clinical advantage in patients undergoing primary PCI in comparison to the standard PCI, whether in other trials it could not be proved. This paper focuses on general mechanisms of thrombus formation and discusses favorable and unfavorable studies towards thrombus aspiration in STEMI and its main aspects and it comes up with specific subjects that could benefit or not from the procedure of thrombus aspiration.
Assuntos
Catéteres , Infarto do Miocárdio , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , TromboseRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is associated with profound changes in the maternal cardiovascular system. The new concept of early and late preeclampsia established the hypothesis that these two entities may be associated with different models of vascular adaptation. Studies of central hemodynamics are limited. The applanation tonometry is able to evaluate, noninvasively, several vascular features and can be used to study the pathophyology of different forms of preeclampsia. OBJECTIVES: To compare vascular parameters of pulse wave analysis in pregnant women with early and late preeclampsia, determined by applanation tonometry. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving pregnant women with 34 early-onset PE (<34 weeks) and 51 late-onset (⩾34 weeks) PE. Central blood pressure, peripheral and central pulse pressure, augmentation index, the augmentation pressure, subendocardial viability ratio and the ejection duration were assessed noninvasively using applanation tonometry (SphygmoCor ®). Data were expressed as means±SD or as median and percentage. The mean was used for parameters with normal distribution and median for parameters that were not normally distribution. Comparisons between groups were performed using t-test, Mann-Whitney test or chi-square(c(2)) for numerical and categorical data, respectively. It was considered a significance level of 5%. Statistical analysis were done using SPSS 10.5. RESULTS: Compared to late-onset PE group, women that developed early-onset PE had higher augmentation index (24.2±13.1 vs 18.8±12.5; p=0.03). Any other paremeters presented significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSION: We found that early-onset PE is characterized by increased maternal arterial stiffness when compared late-onset PE, using applanation tonometry.
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INTRODUCTION: Hyperuricemia is a common finding in preeclamptic pregnancies and proteinuria, as well as hypertension are markers of preeclampsia. Production of anti-angiogenic proteins seems to be involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension and proteinuria in preeclampsia. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether there is an association between renal function and changes in serum levels of angiogenic factors in preeclamptic patients. METHODS: Serum was obtained from 83 preeclamptic patients in the last trimester of pregnancy for determination of uric acid. Placental growth factor (PlGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and soluble form of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (sVEGFR-1) were evaluated in serum by an enzyme immunoassay. Proteinuria was determined in a 24-h urine collection. The concentration of angiogenic factors was compared with serum uric acid levels (<6mg/dL vs ⩾6mg/dL) and with proteinuria levels (<2g vs ⩾2g). Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests with significance level set at 5%. RESULTS: In 40% of women with preeclampsia serum uric acid levels were ⩾6mg/dL, and proteinuria concentration ⩾2g was detected in 41% of patients. Positive correlation was observed between uric acid and proteinuria levels (r=0.7274; p<0.0001). Serum levels of PIGF were significantly lower in preeclamptic women with serum uric acid level ⩾6mg/dL compared with women with serum uric acid <6mg/dL (median 48.46 vs 117.32pg/mL). Significant difference between proteinuria ⩾2g and <2g was detected in relation to serum levels of PIGF (median 47.58 vs 114.24pg/mL), VEGF (median 25.35 vs 33.74pg/mL) and sVEGFR-1 (median 5386 vs 4605pg/mL). CONCLUSION: Elevation in circulating uric acid as well as proteinuria in preeclamptic women is associated with an altered angiogenic balance, suggesting that angiogenic factors may be involved in kidney dysfunction.
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Mitochondria contain their own genome, a small circular molecule of around 16.5 kbases. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes for only 13 polypeptides, but its integrity is essential for mitochondrial function, as all 13 proteins are regulatory subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes. Nonetheless, the mtDNA is physically associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane, where the majority of the cellular reactive oxygen species are generated. In fact, the mitochondrial DNA accumulates high levels of oxidized lesions, which have been associated with several pathological and degenerative processes. The cellular responses to nuclear DNA damage have been extensively studied, but so far little is known about the functional outcome and cellular responses to mtDNA damage. In this review we will discuss the mechanisms that lead to damage accumulation and the in vitro models we are establishing to dissect the cellular responses to oxidative damage in the mtDNA and to sort out the differential cellular consequences of accumulation of damage in each cellular genome, the nuclear and the mitochondrial genome.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Modelos Genéticos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/toxicidade , Animais , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
PURPOSE: To create a retinal neovascularization experimental model using intravitreal injection of microspheres loaded with latex-derived angiogenic fraction. METHODS: Thirty-two albino New Zealand rabbits, divided in 4 groups of 8 animals, were enrolled in this study. Rabbits in groups I, II, and III received one intravitreal injection of PLGA (L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres with 10, 30, and 50 microg of latex-derived angiogenic fraction into their right eyes, respectively, and group IV received 0.1 ml of microspheres without the angiogenic fraction. Weekly follow-up with ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography was performed; the rabbits were sacrificed in the 4th week and their eyes processed for light microscopy. RESULTS: All eyes from group I demonstrated increased retinal vascular tortuosity, observed from 14 days after injection and maintained for 28 days, otherwise without new vessels detection. All group II eyes showed vascular changes similar to group I. Fifty percent of the eyes from group II rabbits developed retinal neovascularization 21 days after injection. All eyes from group III demonstrated significant vascular tortuosity and retinal new vessels 2 weeks after injection, progressing to fibrovascular proliferation and tractional retinal detachment. No vascular changes or retinal new vessels were observed in group IV eyes. Light microscopy confirmed the existence of new vessels previously seen on fluorescein angiography, in retinal sections adjacent to the optic disc, not observed in sections at the same area in the control group. CONCLUSION: Thirty- and 50-microg microspheres containing latex-derived angiogenic fraction injected into the vitreous cavity induced retinal neovascularization in rabbits.
Assuntos
Indutores da Angiogênese/toxicidade , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Látex/toxicidade , Neovascularização Retiniana/induzido quimicamente , Vasos Retinianos/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Portadores de Fármacos , Feminino , Angiofluoresceinografia , Ácido Láctico , Microesferas , Oftalmoscopia , Ácido Poliglicólico , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico e Ácido Poliglicólico , Coelhos , Neovascularização Retiniana/diagnóstico , Vasos Retinianos/patologiaRESUMO
Round holes in the ears of MRL mice tend to close with characteristics of regeneration believed to be absent in other mouse strains (e.g., C57BL/6). We evaluated the kinetics and the histopathology of ear wound closure in young (8 weeks old) C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. We also used middle-aged (40 weeks old) C57BL/6 mice to evaluate the influence of aging on this process. A circular through-and-through hole was made in the ear, photographs were taken at different times after injury and wound area was measured with digital analysis software. The percentages of closed area measured on day 100 were: 23.57 ± 8.66 percent for young BALB/c mice, 56.47 ± 7.39 percent for young C57BL/6 mice, and 75.31 ± 23.65 percent for middle-aged C57BL/6 mice. Mice were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 5, 25, 44, and 100 for histological evaluation with hematoxylin and eosin, Gomoris trichrome, periodic acid-Schiff, or picrosirius red staining. In young mice of both strains, healing included re-epithelialization, chondrogenesis, myogenesis, and collagen deposition. Young C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice differed in the organization of collagen fibers visualized using picrosirius-polarization. Sebaceous glands and hair follicles regenerated and chondrogenesis was greater in young C57BL/6 mice. In middle-aged C57BL/6 mice all aspects of regeneration were depressed. The characteristics of regeneration were present during ear wound healing in both young BALB/c and young C57BL/6 mice although they differed in intensity and pattern. Greater ear wound closure in middle-aged C57BL/6 mice was not correlated with regeneration.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Cartilagem da Orelha/lesões , Regeneração/fisiologia , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Fatores Etários , Cartilagem da Orelha/fisiologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Round holes in the ears of MRL mice tend to close with characteristics of regeneration believed to be absent in other mouse strains (e.g., C57BL/6). We evaluated the kinetics and the histopathology of ear wound closure in young (8 weeks old) C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. We also used middle-aged (40 weeks old) C57BL/6 mice to evaluate the influence of aging on this process. A circular through-and-through hole was made in the ear, photographs were taken at different times after injury and wound area was measured with digital analysis software. The percentages of closed area measured on day 100 were: 23.57 +/- 8.66% for young BALB/c mice, 56.47 +/- 7.39% for young C57BL/6 mice, and 75.31 +/- 23.65% for middle-aged C57BL/6 mice. Mice were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 5, 25, 44, and 100 for histological evaluation with hematoxylin and eosin, Gomori's trichrome, periodic acid-Schiff, or picrosirius red staining. In young mice of both strains, healing included re-epithelialization, chondrogenesis, myogenesis, and collagen deposition. Young C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice differed in the organization of collagen fibers visualized using picrosirius-polarization. Sebaceous glands and hair follicles regenerated and chondrogenesis was greater in young C57BL/6 mice. In middle-aged C57BL/6 mice all aspects of regeneration were depressed. The characteristics of regeneration were present during ear wound healing in both young BALB/c and young C57BL/6 mice although they differed in intensity and pattern. Greater ear wound closure in middle-aged C57BL/6 mice was not correlated with regeneration.
Assuntos
Cartilagem da Orelha/lesões , Regeneração/fisiologia , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Fatores Etários , Animais , Cartilagem da Orelha/fisiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
AIMS: To compare the amount of intraoperative intraocular bleeding in patients with diabetes with macula-involving tractional retinal detachment (TRD) undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with and without preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection. METHODS: An institutional study was carried out with consecutive patients with diabetic retinopathy and macula-involving TRD of recent (3 months) onset who were randomly assigned to PPV only (PPV group) or PPV combined with one IVB (1.5 mg/0.06 ml) injection 2 weeks prior to surgery (bevacizumab (BEV)/PPV group). All patients underwent 23-gauge PPV 3 weeks after baseline. The main outcome measure was erythrocyte count in the fluid retrieved from the vitrectomy cassette using a Neubauer counting chamber. RESULTS: The study included 20 patients. The mean erythrocyte count was 14,865x10(3) (SD 19,332x10(3); median 4,500x10(3)) cells in the BEV/PPV group, and 176,240x10(3) (SD 108,375x10(3); median 166,600x10(3)) cells in the PPV group. The mean erythrocyte count was significantly lower in the BEV/PPV group than in the PPV group (p<0.0001). No major adverse events were identified. CONCLUSION: Preoperative IVB injection was associated with reduced intraocular bleeding during 23-gauge PPV for diabetic macula-involving TRD. Further studies are needed to confirm our preliminary findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT00690768.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Retinopatia Diabética/cirurgia , Descolamento Retiniano/cirurgia , Vitrectomia/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Bevacizumab , Contagem de Eritrócitos , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medicação Pré-Anestésica , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Corpo VítreoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This in vivo study assessed and compared the effectiveness of an aqueous indocyanine green (ICG) formulation (R-ICG) and a lipid ICG formulation (L-ICG) in occluding the rabbit choriocapillaris, and determined the singlet oxygen quantum yields and aggregation properties of both formulations in vitro. METHODS: Singlet oxygen production and aggregation were compared. The eye fundus of 30 albino rabbits was irradiated 0-15 min after dye injection using an 810 nm diode laser. Fluorescein angiography and light microscopy were used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of R-ICG and L-ICG. RESULTS: L-ICG decreased the dimerisation constant and the tendency of ICG to form aggregates, and increased the efficiency of ICG in generating singlet oxygen (R-ICG, PhiDelta = 0.120 and L-ICG, PhiDelta = 0.210). Using a 10 mg/kg dose, choriocapillaris occlusion was achieved at a light dose of 35.8 J/cm(2) with L-ICG and 71.6 J/cm(2) with R-ICG with minimal damage to the neurosensory retina. CONCLUSION: Restrictions to the use of ICG in aqueous solution, low singlet oxygen quantum yields and high aggregation tendency, were overcome with L-ICG. The lower laser irradiance required to obtain choriocapillaris occlusion may suggest that L-ICG is a more potent and selective photosensitiser than R-ICG.
Assuntos
Corioide/irrigação sanguínea , Verde de Indocianina/uso terapêutico , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Animais , Capilares/efeitos dos fármacos , Capilares/efeitos da radiação , Química Farmacêutica , Lasers , Óptica e Fotônica , Oxigênio/química , Fotoquímica , CoelhosRESUMO
PURPOSE: The objective of this paper is to describe the optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics of patients with full-thickness traumatic macular hole (TMH) and to correlate them with biomicroscopy findings. METHODS: Twelve eyes of ten consecutive patients with full-thickness TMH participated in this observational retrospective multicentre study. Patients underwent biomicroscopic fundus examination, colour fundus photography, and OCT. RESULTS: Traumatic macular hole was documented with OCT in five women and five men. Mean (range) time between trauma and macular hole (MH) diagnosis was 8.1 (1-24) months. The shape of TMHs was round in 11 (91.7%) eyes. The posterior vitreous was completely detached in six (50%) eyes, and with an operculum in one (8.3%) eye. The common findings seen on OCT were: (1) full-thickness loss of retinal tissue through the hole with sharp edges, perpendicular to the retinal pigment epithelium in five (41.7%) eyes; (2) TMH with an operculum totally detached from the hole's edge in two (16.7%) eyes; (3) presence of epiretinal membrane around of the hole in three (25%) eyes; and (4) presence of abnormalities of the surrounding retina in all (100%) eyes. The OCT characteristics correlated well with biomicroscopic findings, and these characteristics may be predictive for final visual acuity (VA) in TMHs. Only one of the TMHs closed spontaneously in our series. CONCLUSION: Optical coherence tomography complements biomicroscopy in the evaluation of full-thickness TMHs.