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This study aimed to identify dietary patterns and to evaluate the association between body image perception and these patterns among schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 schoolchildren (both sexes, 10-17 years old) from four public schools in Salvador, Brazil. Two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls were applied, and the dietary pattern was determined by Exploratory Factor Analysis after adjustment of dietary data using the Multiple Source Method. To evaluate body image perception, the Brazilian body shape silhouette was used. The associations between body image perception and dietary patterns using the polytomous logistic regression model adjusted for covariables was assessed. Three dietary patterns were obtained: "Western standard," unhealthy, "healthy pattern" and "typical dishes/ junk food." After adjustment, adolescents who wished for a slimmer silhouette (2.48 [95%CI: 1.04-6.11], 3.49 [95%CI: 1.35-9.05] and 2.87 [95%CI: 1.13-7.26]) were more likely to adhere to the quintiles with the lowest consumption of the Western standard, compared to those satisfied with their body image. No associations were identified in the other two dietary patterns. Adolescents dissatisfied with their bodies tend to adhere less to unhealthy dietary patterns.

Este estudo objetivou identificar padrões alimentares e avaliar a associação entre percepção da imagem corporal e esses padrões em escolares. Um estudo transversal foi conduzido em 385 escolares (ambos os sexos, 10-17 anos de idade) de 4 escolas públicas de Salvador, Brasil. Dois recordatórios alimentares de 24h não consecutivos foram aplicados e o padrão alimentar foi determinado por Análise Fatorial Exploratória, após ajuste dos dados dietéticos pelo Multiple Source Method. Para avaliar percepção da imagem corporal, nós usamos uma escala brasileira de silhuetas. Avaliamos as associações entre percepção da imagem corporal e padrões alimentares usando o modelo de regressão logística politômica ajustado para covariáveis. Três padrões alimentares foram obtidos: "padrão ocidental", "padrão saudável" e "comidas típicas/junk food". Após ajuste, adolescentes que desejavam uma silhueta menor (2,48 [IC95%: 1,04-6,11], 3,49 [IC95%: 1,35-9,05] e 2,87 [IC95%: 1,13-7,26]) tinham mais chances de aderir aos quintis de menor consumo do padrão ocidental, comparados àqueles satisfeitos com sua imagem corporal. Nenhuma associação foi identificada nos outros dois padrões alimentares. Adolescentes insatisfeitos com seus corpos tendem a aderir menos a padrões alimentares não saudáveis.

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Resumo Este estudo objetivou identificar padrões alimentares e avaliar a associação entre percepção da imagem corporal e esses padrões em escolares. Um estudo transversal foi conduzido em 385 escolares (ambos os sexos, 10-17 anos de idade) de 4 escolas públicas de Salvador, Brasil. Dois recordatórios alimentares de 24h não consecutivos foram aplicados e o padrão alimentar foi determinado por Análise Fatorial Exploratória, após ajuste dos dados dietéticos pelo Multiple Source Method. Para avaliar percepção da imagem corporal, nós usamos uma escala brasileira de silhuetas. Avaliamos as associações entre percepção da imagem corporal e padrões alimentares usando o modelo de regressão logística politômica ajustado para covariáveis. Três padrões alimentares foram obtidos: "padrão ocidental", "padrão saudável" e "comidas típicas/junk food". Após ajuste, adolescentes que desejavam uma silhueta menor (2,48 [IC95%: 1,04-6,11], 3,49 [IC95%: 1,35-9,05] e 2,87 [IC95%: 1,13-7,26]) tinham mais chances de aderir aos quintis de menor consumo do padrão ocidental, comparados àqueles satisfeitos com sua imagem corporal. Nenhuma associação foi identificada nos outros dois padrões alimentares. Adolescentes insatisfeitos com seus corpos tendem a aderir menos a padrões alimentares não saudáveis.

Abstract This study aimed to identify dietary patterns and to evaluate the association between body image perception and these patterns among schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 schoolchildren (both sexes, 10-17 years old) from four public schools in Salvador, Brazil. Two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls were applied, and the dietary pattern was determined by Exploratory Factor Analysis after adjustment of dietary data using the Multiple Source Method. To evaluate body image perception, the Brazilian body shape silhouette was used. The associations between body image perception and dietary patterns using the polytomous logistic regression model adjusted for covariables was assessed. Three dietary patterns were obtained: "Western standard," unhealthy, "healthy pattern" and "typical dishes/ junk food." After adjustment, adolescents who wished for a slimmer silhouette (2.48 [95%CI: 1.04-6.11], 3.49 [95%CI: 1.35-9.05] and 2.87 [95%CI: 1.13-7.26]) were more likely to adhere to the quintiles with the lowest consumption of the Western standard, compared to those satisfied with their body image. No associations were identified in the other two dietary patterns. Adolescents dissatisfied with their bodies tend to adhere less to unhealthy dietary patterns.

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CONTEXT: There is growing evidence that insufficient dietary intake is associated with sarcopenia. OBJECTIVE: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the energy and nutrient intakes by people with and without sarcopenia were compared using only the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2010 (EWGSOP1) and 2019 (EWGSOP2) consensus diagnostic criteria. DATA SOURCES: Only observational studies that compared energy and nutrient intake from food alone by individuals with and without sarcopenia were included. Studies were searched in the following databases: Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Ovid, and Scopus. The review followed the PRISMA checklist and submitted the protocol to PROSPERO. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted by 2 authors independently. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. DATA ANALYSIS: A total of 8648 articles were identified and 12 were selected. Among individuals with sarcopenia, lower intakes of energy and some nutrients, mainly with antioxidant properties, were observed compared with those without sarcopenia. Meta-analyses showed that individuals with sarcopenia consume fewer calories/day than individuals without sarcopenia (n = 10 studies; standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.15; 95% confidence interval: -0.29, -0.01) diagnosed by EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2. Individuals with sarcopenia consume less omega-3, folate, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, zinc, and vitamins C, D, and E when compared with those without sarcopenia. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that insufficient intake of energy and nutrients with antioxidant potential may be associated with sarcopenia. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD 42020195698.

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It will be presented the main academic contributions of Professor Ana Marlúcia Oliveira (AMO) (in memoriam), nutritionist, professor at the School of Nutrition at the Federal University of Bahia, Ph.D. in epidemiology and CNPQ Researcher level A, from 1980 to 2021. Professor Ana accumulated, throughout her academic career, scientific articles published in national and international journals; book and book chapters authored by her; papers presented at scientific events, in addition to guiding scientific projects, dissertations and theses. She has coordinated several research projects in the field of food and nutrition in public health, with a focus on nutritional epidemiology. The scope of the subjects addressed in her scientific production expressed the concern that mobilized her around the production of knowledge to face the complex health and nutrition problems in Brazil. Her way of being in the world, welcoming and caring for people who approached her seeking qualification opportunities, her example, words and teachings influenced, and still influence, the trajectory and training of nutritionists, professors and researchers at ENUFBA and other national and international institutions. She was a Brazilian researcher and intellectual committed to the health of the most vulnerable populations and the fight against malnutrition and hunger in our country. Her wide and fruitful work left us a legacy to be remembered and continued. Some of her friends, colleagues and collaborators pay this tribute to her memory, to her example and to the legacy she left for all of us and future generations.

São apresentadas neste artigo as principais contribuições acadêmicas da Profa. Marlúcia Oliveira (AMO) (in memoriam), nutricionista, docente da Escola de Nutrição da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Doutora em Epidemiologia e Pesquisadora A do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ), no período de 1980 a 2021. A Profa. Ana acumulou, ao longo de sua carreira acadêmica, artigos científicos publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais; livro e capítulos de livro de sua autoria; trabalhos apresentados em eventos científicos, além de ter orientado projetos de iniciação científica, dissertações e teses. Coordenou vários projetos de pesquisa no campo da alimentação e nutrição em saúde coletiva, com foco na epidemiologia nutricional. O escopo dos assuntos abordados na sua produção científica expressou a inquietude que a mobilizava em torno da produção de conhecimentos para o enfrentamento dos complexos problemas de saúde e nutrição do Brasil. Sua forma de ser no mundo, acolhendo e cuidando das pessoas que se aproximavam em busca de oportunidades de qualificação, seu exemplo, suas palavras e ensinamentos influenciaram, e ainda influenciam, a trajetória e a formação de nutricionistas e de professores e pesquisadores na Escola de Nutrição da Universidade Federal da Bahia (ENUFBA) e em outras instituições nacionais e internacionais. Trata-se de uma pesquisadora e intelectual brasileira comprometida com a saúde das populações mais vulneráveis e com o combate contra a desnutrição e a fome no nosso país. Sua vasta e fecunda obra nos deixou um legado a ser lembrado e continuado. Alguns dos seus amigos, colegas e colaboradores prestam este tributo à sua memória e ao legado que ela deixou para todos nós e para as próximas gerações.

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This systematic review aimed to identify the influence of occupational stress on the body mass index of hospital workers. After registering the protocol at PROSPERO (CRD42022331846), we started this systematic review following a search in seven databases, gray literature, as well as manual search and contact with specialists. The selection of studies was performed independently by two evaluators following the inclusion criteria: observational studies evaluating adult hospital workers, in which occupational stress was considered exposure and body composition as a result. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal checklist. We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation to grade the certainty of the evidence. Qualitative results were presented and synthesized through a qualitative approach, with simplified information in a narrative form. A total of 12 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. This review comprised 10,885 workers (2312 men; 1582 women; and 6991 workers whose gender was not identified). Ten studies were carried out only with health workers, and two included workers from other sectors besides health workers. This review showed a relationship between occupational stress and changes in body mass index in hospital workers. However, most studies presented a moderate or high risk of bias and low quality of the evidence. These findings can be useful for clinical practice, administrators and leaders and provide insights for future research in the field of worker health in the hospital setting.

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BACKGROUND: Evidence indicates that inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is associated with increased systemic levels of reactive oxygen species. Systemic oxidative stress has been associated with reduced levels of plasma thiols. Less invasive tests capable of reflecting and predicting IBD activity are increasingly sought after. We sought to systematically review the evidence inherent in serum thiol levels as a marker of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis activity (PROSPERO: CRD42021255521). METHODS: The highest quality documents for systematic reviews standards were used as reference. Articles were searched on Medline via PubMed, VHL, LILACS, WOS, EMBASE, SCOPUS, COCHRANE, CINAHL, OVID, CTGOV, WHO/ICTRP, OPENGREY, BDTD and CAPES, between August, 03 and September, 03 on 2021. Descriptors were defined according to the Medical Subject Heading. Of the 11 articles selected for full reading, 8 were included in the review. It was not possible to perform a pooled analysis of the studies, as there were no combinable studies between subjects with active IBD and controls/inactive disease. RESULTS: Findings from the individual studies included in this review suggest an association between disease activity and systemic oxidation, as measured by serum thiol levels, however, there are limitations that preclude weighting the study results in a meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend conducting better-designed and controlled studies, that include individuals of both phenotypes and at different stages of IBD, involving a larger number of participants, using the standardization of the technique for measuring serum thiols, to confirm whether thiols can be a good parameter for monitoring the clinical course of these intestinal diseases and the degree of clinical applicability.

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Working in a hospital environment is known for presenting unhealthy features that affect the workers' health-features which have currently been intensified due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, this longitudinal study aimed to ascertain the level of job stress before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, how this changed, and its association with the dietary patterns of hospital workers. Data on sociodemographic, occupational, lifestyle, health, anthropometric, dietetic, and occupational stress were collected before and during the pandemic from 218 workers at a private hospital in the Recôncavo of Bahia, Brazil. McNemar's chi-square test was used for comparison purposes, Exploratory Factor Analysis to identify dietary patterns, and Generalized Estimating Equations to evaluate the interested associations. During the pandemic, participants reported increased occupational stress, shift work, and weekly workloads, compared with before the pandemic. Additionally, three dietary patterns were identified before and during the pandemic. No association was observed between changes in occupational stress and dietary pattens. However, COVID-19 infection was related to changes in pattern A (0.647, IC95%0.044;1.241, p = 0.036) and the amount of shift work related to changes in pattern B, (0.612, IC95%0.016;1.207, p = 0.044). These findings support calls to strengthen labour policies to ensure adequate working conditions for hospital workers in the pandemic context.

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INTRODUCTION: Micronutrient deficiencies are common in low-income and middle-income countries and are usually related to inadequate food intake, poor diet quality and low bioavailability. Copper, selenium and zinc are essential minerals in several enzymatic reactions and their deficiencies are associated with worse prognosis in pregnancy, compromising maternal health as well as her offspring. Thus, the objective of the present systematic review will be to describe the prevalence of copper, selenium and zinc deficiencies in women of childbearing age. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The search will be performed by independent reviewers. The bases used will be PubMed/MEDLINE, Science direct, Lilacs, Adolec, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, CENTRAL, IMSEAR, PAHOS, WPRIM, IMEMR, AIM for grey literature OpenGrey and OVID. National data will be searched in BDTD. A first search will be performed and a second search will be performed just before submission. Risk of bias assessment will be performed using the Joanna Briggs group prevalence study checklist. Combinable studies will be performed meta-analysis. Heterogeneity will be tested using Cochran's Q test and quantified by the inconsistency test (I²). In the presence of high heterogeneity, meta-analysis will be performed using the random effects model with Stata metaprop. Summary prevalence will be generated for each outcome, presented in Forest plot figures. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This systematic review will be solely based on published and retrievable literature, no ethics approval will be obtained. Our dissemination strategy will involve the presentation in scientific meetings, as well as the publication of article(s), posters and presentations in congresses. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020165352.

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This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and the body composition of hospital workers subjected to occupational stressors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on sociodemographic, occupational, lifestyle, anthropometric, food consumption and occupational stress were collected before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 218 workers from a private hospital in Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil were included in the study. After evaluating the normality of the data, parametric or non-parametric tests were used to characterize the sample. Dietary pattern was defined with Exploratory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the desired association. During the pandemic, work per shift increased by 8.2% (p = 0.004) and working hours > 40 h/week increased by 9.2% (p = 0.006). Despite the higher prevalence of low occupational stress (85.8% vs. 72.1%), high stress increased by 13.7% from 2019 to 2020 (p < 0.001) and 30.3% reported a positive mediating effect on the variables of body composition, body mass index (b = 0.478; p < 0.001), waist circumference (b = 0.395; p = 0.001), fat-free mass (b = 0.440; p = 0.001) and fat mass (b = -0.104; p = 0.292). Therefore, a dietary pattern containing high-calorie foods was associated with changes in the body composition of hospital workers, including occupational stressors as mediators of this relationship.

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Body image is a construct of the multifaceted representation of body identity that involves self-perception, beliefs, attitudes about the body itself, which can be influenced by several factors. This study evaluated the association of body image with anthropometric and lifestyle indicators among adolescents. The sample comprised 465 adolescents aged 10 to 17 years from public schools in the city of Salvador-Bahia. The Silhouettes Scale assessed the body image. The anthropometric data (body mass index and waist circumference), the lifestyle (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and television time), economic and demographic data were evaluated. Polytomous logistic regression assessed associations of interest by STATA, version 16.0. Overweight (OR:9,7; CI95%:5,4-17,5) and abdominal obesity (OR:14,0; CI95%: 5,0-39,3) were positively associated with body dissatisfaction. However, there was no association with lifestyle variables (physical activity: OR: 1,7, CI: 0,9-2,9, and TV time: OR:1,2; CI:0,8-1,9). The conclusion reached is that anthropometric status is an essential indicator of adverse body image outcomes in adolescents.

A imagem corporal é um constructo da representação multifacetada da identidade corporal, envolve autopercepção, crenças e atitudes sobre o próprio corpo, podendo ser influenciada por diversos fatores. Este estudo avaliou a associação da imagem corporal com indicadores antropométricos e do estilo de vida em adolescentes. Constituíram a amostra 465 adolescentes de 10 a 17 anos de escolas públicas da cidade de Salvador, na Bahia. A imagem corporal foi avaliada pela Escala de Silhuetas. Os dados antropométricos (índice de massa corporal e a circunferência da cintura), de estilo de vida (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents e o tempo de televisão), econômicos e demográficos foram avaliados. Regressão logística politômica avaliou as associações de interesse. Os dados foram analisados pelo software STATA, versão 16.0. O sobrepeso/obesidade (OR: 9,7; IC95%: 5,4-17,5) e a obesidade abdominal (OR: 14,0; IC95%: 5,0-39,3) se mostraram positivamente associados à insatisfação corporal, mas não foi observada associação com as variáveis de estilo de vida (atividade física: OR: 1,7; IC95%: 0,9-2,9; e tempo de TV: OR: 1,2; IC95%: 0,8-1,9). Conclui-se que o estado antropométrico é um importante indicador dos desfechos negativos da imagem corporal em adolescentes.

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Resumo A imagem corporal é um constructo da representação multifacetada da identidade corporal, envolve autopercepção, crenças e atitudes sobre o próprio corpo, podendo ser influenciada por diversos fatores. Este estudo avaliou a associação da imagem corporal com indicadores antropométricos e do estilo de vida em adolescentes. Constituíram a amostra 465 adolescentes de 10 a 17 anos de escolas públicas da cidade de Salvador, na Bahia. A imagem corporal foi avaliada pela Escala de Silhuetas. Os dados antropométricos (índice de massa corporal e a circunferência da cintura), de estilo de vida (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents e o tempo de televisão), econômicos e demográficos foram avaliados. Regressão logística politômica avaliou as associações de interesse. Os dados foram analisados pelo software STATA, versão 16.0. O sobrepeso/obesidade (OR: 9,7; IC95%: 5,4-17,5) e a obesidade abdominal (OR: 14,0; IC95%: 5,0-39,3) se mostraram positivamente associados à insatisfação corporal, mas não foi observada associação com as variáveis de estilo de vida (atividade física: OR: 1,7; IC95%: 0,9-2,9; e tempo de TV: OR: 1,2; IC95%: 0,8-1,9). Conclui-se que o estado antropométrico é um importante indicador dos desfechos negativos da imagem corporal em adolescentes.

Abstract Body image is a construct of the multifaceted representation of body identity that involves self-perception, beliefs, attitudes about the body itself, which can be influenced by several factors. This study evaluated the association of body image with anthropometric and lifestyle indicators among adolescents. The sample comprised 465 adolescents aged 10 to 17 years from public schools in the city of Salvador-Bahia. The Silhouettes Scale assessed the body image. The anthropometric data (body mass index and waist circumference), the lifestyle (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and television time), economic and demographic data were evaluated. Polytomous logistic regression assessed associations of interest by STATA, version 16.0. Overweight (OR:9,7; CI95%:5,4-17,5) and abdominal obesity (OR:14,0; CI95%: 5,0-39,3) were positively associated with body dissatisfaction. However, there was no association with lifestyle variables (physical activity: OR: 1,7, CI: 0,9-2,9, and TV time: OR:1,2; CI:0,8-1,9). The conclusion reached is that anthropometric status is an essential indicator of adverse body image outcomes in adolescents.

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The aim of this study was to ascertain the level of occupational stress before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, how it changed and its association with health outcomes of hospital workers in the Recôncavo of Bahia, Brazil. A longitudinal study was conducted with 218 hospital workers over 18 years old. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for collecting sociodemographic, occupational, lifestyle, anthropometric and health data. The main exposures were occupational stress, assessed through Job Content Questionnaire and classified according to the Demand-Control Model and reported shift work. Health outcomes considered were nutritional status assessed by BMI, waist circumference and body fat percentage, health self-perception and cardiovascular risk factors. We used McNemar χ2 or Wilcoxon tests to compare the levels of exposure and outcome variables before and during the pandemic, and OR to evaluate associations between changes in occupational stress and shift work with health outcomes. During the pandemic, participants reported increased occupational stress and shift work and lower self-perceived health and had higher BMI and cardiovascular risk factors, compared with before the pandemic. No association was observed between change in occupational stress and health outcomes. However, increased amount of shift work was related to increased BMI in the overall sample (OR 3·79, 95 % CI (1·40, 10·30)) and in health workers (OR 11·56; 95 % CI (2·57, 52·00)). These findings support calls to strengthen labour policies to ensure adequate working conditions for hospital workers in context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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RESUMO São apresentadas neste artigo as principais contribuições acadêmicas da Profa. Marlúcia Oliveira (AMO) (in memoriam), nutricionista, docente da Escola de Nutrição da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Doutora em Epidemiologia e Pesquisadora A do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ), no período de 1980 a 2021. A Profa. Ana acumulou, ao longo de sua carreira acadêmica, artigos científicos publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais; livro e capítulos de livro de sua autoria; trabalhos apresentados em eventos científicos, além de ter orientado projetos de iniciação científica, dissertações e teses. Coordenou vários projetos de pesquisa no campo da alimentação e nutrição em saúde coletiva, com foco na epidemiologia nutricional. O escopo dos assuntos abordados na sua produção científica expressou a inquietude que a mobilizava em torno da produção de conhecimentos para o enfrentamento dos complexos problemas de saúde e nutrição do Brasil. Sua forma de ser no mundo, acolhendo e cuidando das pessoas que se aproximavam em busca de oportunidades de qualificação, seu exemplo, suas palavras e ensinamentos influenciaram, e ainda influenciam, a trajetória e a formação de nutricionistas e de professores e pesquisadores na Escola de Nutrição da Universidade Federal da Bahia (ENUFBA) e em outras instituições nacionais e internacionais. Trata-se de uma pesquisadora e intelectual brasileira comprometida com a saúde das populações mais vulneráveis e com o combate contra a desnutrição e a fome no nosso país. Sua vasta e fecunda obra nos deixou um legado a ser lembrado e continuado. Alguns dos seus amigos, colegas e colaboradores prestam este tributo à sua memória e ao legado que ela deixou para todos nós e para as próximas gerações.

RESUMO It will be presented the main academic contributions of Professor Ana Marlúcia Oliveira (AMO) (in memoriam), nutritionist, professor at the School of Nutrition at the Federal University of Bahia, Ph.D. in epidemiology and CNPQ Researcher level A, from 1980 to 2021. Professor Ana accumulated, throughout her academic career, scientific articles published in national and international journals; book and book chapters authored by her; papers presented at scientific events, in addition to guiding scientific projects, dissertations and theses. She has coordinated several research projects in the field of food and nutrition in public health, with a focus on nutritional epidemiology. The scope of the subjects addressed in her scientific production expressed the concern that mobilized her around the production of knowledge to face the complex health and nutrition problems in Brazil. Her way of being in the world, welcoming and caring for people who approached her seeking qualification opportunities, her example, words and teachings influenced, and still influence, the trajectory and training of nutritionists, professors and researchers at ENUFBA and other national and international institutions. She was a Brazilian researcher and intellectual committed to the health of the most vulnerable populations and the fight against malnutrition and hunger in our country. Her wide and fruitful work left us a legacy to be remembered and continued. Some of her friends, colleagues and collaborators pay this tribute to her memory, to her example and to the legacy she left for all of us and future generations.

RESUMO

This review aimed to systematically assess the effects of computer-based interventions for the promotion of healthy eating on anthropometric indicators and food consumption of adolescents at school. Relevant scientific articles were searched in MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Lilacs, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library/CENTRAL following the recommendations by PRISMA guide in August 2021. The quality and risk of bias in the studies were assessed by two reviewers independently. The search strategy retained 13 studies for qualitative analysis. In total 9.603 adolescents of both sexes, were recruited in a school environment. According to studies with information for the meta-analysis, a reduction in the average consumption of fats in favor of computer-based intervention was identified (SMD: -0.14; 95% CI -0.24;-0.05). Considering the changes in the consumption of fruits and vegetables (SMD: 0.09; 95% CI -0.08; 0.26) and in the BMI (WMD: -0.02; 95% CI -0.18; 0.14), the analyses did not identify the effect of computer-based interventions on these parameters after follow-up. The results of this review demonstrate that there is evidence of the positive effect of using digital technology (website and CD-ROM) in educational programs with a focus on promoting a healthy lifestyle, with evidence on reducing fat consumption.

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Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a variação temporal da ocorrência do excesso de peso e da obesidade abdominal em adolescentes de escolas públicas de uma capital do nordeste brasileiro. Trata-se de um estudo incluindo informações de três levantamentos transversais realizados nos anos de 2001, 2009 e 2017, com 2.496 escolares de 10 a 18 anos de ambos os sexos, residentes na cidade de Salvador, Bahia. O excesso de peso foi avaliado por meio do Índice de Massa Corpórea para idade (IMC/I) e obesidade abdominal foi avaliada pela circunferência da cintura e razão cintura-estatura. A regressão Pooled OLS (Ordinary Least Squares), de efeito constante foi utilizada para avaliar a variação dos indicadores antropométricos ao longo do período. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a prevalência de excesso de peso cresceu 103% e os indicadores da obesidade abdominal cresceram 153% e 142%, respectivamente no período analisado. Aumento na média do Índice de Massa Corpórea e da Razão cintura estatura foi maior entre as adolescentes e da média do IMC e da circunferência da cintura entre aqueles de 14 a 18 anos de idade. Conclui-se que houve expressivo crescimento nas prevalências do excesso de peso e da obesidade abdominal no período de 2001 a 2017 entre os adolescentes da cidade de Salvador.

Abstract The scope of this study was to analyze the temporal variation in the incidence of overweight and abdominal obesity among adolescents from public schools in a capital in northeastern Brazil. It is a study including information from three cross-sectional surveys carried out in 2001, 2009 and 2017, with 2,496 students aged 10 to 18 years of both sexes living in the city of Salvador, Bahia. Overweight was assessed using the Body Mass Index for Age (BMI/A) and abdominal obesity was assessed using waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio. Pooled OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) regression, with constant effect, was used to assess the variation of anthropometric indicators over the period. The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of overweight increased by 103% and the indicators of abdominal obesity increased by 153% and 142%, respectively, in the period under analysis. The increase in the mean body mass index and waist-to-height ratio was greater among adolescents and in the mean BMI and waist circumference among those aged 14 to 18 years old. The conclusion reached was that there was a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity in the period 2001 to 2017 among adolescents in the city of Salvador.

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The scope of this study was to analyze the temporal variation in the incidence of overweight and abdominal obesity among adolescents from public schools in a capital in northeastern Brazil. It is a study including information from three cross-sectional surveys carried out in 2001, 2009 and 2017, with 2,496 students aged 10 to 18 years of both sexes living in the city of Salvador, Bahia. Overweight was assessed using the Body Mass Index for Age (BMI/A) and abdominal obesity was assessed using waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio. Pooled OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) regression, with constant effect, was used to assess the variation of anthropometric indicators over the period. The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of overweight increased by 103% and the indicators of abdominal obesity increased by 153% and 142%, respectively, in the period under analysis. The increase in the mean body mass index and waist-to-height ratio was greater among adolescents and in the mean BMI and waist circumference among those aged 14 to 18 years old. The conclusion reached was that there was a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity in the period 2001 to 2017 among adolescents in the city of Salvador.

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a variação temporal da ocorrência do excesso de peso e da obesidade abdominal em adolescentes de escolas públicas de uma capital do nordeste brasileiro. Trata-se de um estudo incluindo informações de três levantamentos transversais realizados nos anos de 2001, 2009 e 2017, com 2.496 escolares de 10 a 18 anos de ambos os sexos, residentes na cidade de Salvador, Bahia. O excesso de peso foi avaliado por meio do Índice de Massa Corpórea para idade (IMC/I) e obesidade abdominal foi avaliada pela circunferência da cintura e razão cintura-estatura. A regressão Pooled OLS (Ordinary Least Squares), de efeito constante foi utilizada para avaliar a variação dos indicadores antropométricos ao longo do período. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a prevalência de excesso de peso cresceu 103% e os indicadores da obesidade abdominal cresceram 153% e 142%, respectivamente no período analisado. Aumento na média do Índice de Massa Corpórea e da Razão cintura estatura foi maior entre as adolescentes e da média do IMC e da circunferência da cintura entre aqueles de 14 a 18 anos de idade. Conclui-se que houve expressivo crescimento nas prevalências do excesso de peso e da obesidade abdominal no período de 2001 a 2017 entre os adolescentes da cidade de Salvador.

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Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increase in the occurrence of cardiometabolic events, but the evidence of this relationship in adolescence is still limited. Thus, we analyzed the association between vitamin D deficiency and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. Observational studies were searching in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Lilacs, and Google Scholar database. Random effects models were used to summarize standardized mean differences for as a summary measure. The certainty of the evidence was verified using the Cochrane recommendations. A total of 7537 studies were identified, of which 32 were included in the systematic review and 24 in the meta-analysis.Vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased systolic pressure (SMD = 0.22; 95%CI = 0.10; 0.34), diastolic pressure (SMD = 0.23; 95%CI = 0.10; 0.35), glycemia (SMD = 0.13; 95%CI = 0.05; 0.12), and insulin (SMD = 0.50; 95%CI = 0.15; 0.84), an increase in the HOMA index (SMD = 0.48; 95%CI = 0.36; 0.60), high triglyceride values (SMD = 0.30; 95%CI = 0.11; 0.49), and reduced HDL concentrations (SMD= -0.25; 95%CI = -0.46; -0.04). No statistically significant association was observed for glycated hemoglobin, LDL cholesterol, and total cholesterol. Most of the studies presented low and moderate risks of bias, respectively. The certainty of the evidence was very low for all the outcomes analyzed. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased exposure to the factors linked to the occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases in adolescents. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO (record number 42,018,086,298).

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the degree of food processing, overweight, and abdominal obesity in adolescents. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, with 576 adolescents aged 10 to 17 years, of both sexes. Food consumption was collected using the Food Frequency Questionnaire and foods classified as in natura or minimally processed, processed foods associated with culinary ingredients, and ultraprocessed foods. Sociodemographic data, body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio were collected. The analysis was evaluated by the Mann-Whitney test and prevalence ratio with 95% confidence interval, considering p<0.05. RESULTS: An intake above the third quartile of processed foods associated with culinary ingredients (prevalence ratio of 1.64; 95%CI: 1.12-2.42) and ultraprocessed (prevalence ratio of 1.58; 95%CI: 1.07-2.34) was associated with a higher prevalence of overweight. Consumption above the third quartile of ultraprocessed foods was associated with a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity, assessed by waist circumference (prevalence ratio of 2.48; 95%CI: 1.41-4.36), and waist-height ratio (prevalence ratio of 2.09; 95%CI: 1.11-3.92). CONCLUSION: A higher consumption of processed foods associated with culinary ingredients was related to being overweight, and ultraprocessed foods with overweight and abdominal obesity.

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BACKGROUND: Supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotics has shown positive effects on clinical markers and risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of supplementation with probiotic, prebiotic or symbiotic on intestinal microbiota in NAFLD patients. METHODS: Two investigators conducted independently search for articles in the Medline databases, via PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Lilacs, Central Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials.gov and on the Ovid platform for the gray literature search. RESULTS: A total of 3,423 papers were identified by searching the electronic databases; 1,560 of them were duplicate and they were excluded; 1,825 articles were excluded after reading the title and abstract. A total of 39 articles were select to reading, however only four articles met the eligibility criteria to include in this systematic review. Three of the included studies that used prebiotic or symbiotic supplementation showed that after the intervention there were changes in the intestinal microbiota pattern. Only in one study such changes were not observed. A high risk of bias was observed in most assessments. CONCLUSION: Although there is a possible change in the gut microbiota of individuals with NAFLD after supplementation with symbiotics or prebiotics, a clinical indication as part of NAFLD treatment is not yet possible.

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ABSTRACT Background Supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotics has shown positive effects on clinical markers and risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Objective To evaluate the effect of supplementation with probiotic, prebiotic or symbiotic on intestinal microbiota in NAFLD patients. Methods Two investigators conducted independently search for articles in the Medline databases, via PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Lilacs, Central Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials.gov and on the Ovid platform for the gray literature search. Results A total of 3,423 papers were identified by searching the electronic databases; 1,560 of them were duplicate and they were excluded; 1,825 articles were excluded after reading the title and abstract. A total of 39 articles were select to reading, however only four articles met the eligibility criteria to include in this systematic review. Three of the included studies that used prebiotic or symbiotic supplementation showed that after the intervention there were changes in the intestinal microbiota pattern. Only in one study such changes were not observed. A high risk of bias was observed in most assessments. Conclusion Although there is a possible change in the gut microbiota of individuals with NAFLD after supplementation with symbiotics or prebiotics, a clinical indication as part of NAFLD treatment is not yet possible.

RESUMO Contexto A suplementação com probióticos, prebióticos e simbióticos mostrou efeitos positivos sobre marcadores clínicos e fatores de risco para doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA). Objetivo Avaliar o efeito da suplementação com probióticos, prebióticos ou simbióticos na microbiota intestinal em pacientes com DHGNA. Métodos Dois pesquisadores realizaram buscas independentes de artigos nas bases de dados Medline, via PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Lilacs, Biblioteca Central Cochrane, Clinical Trials.gov e na plataforma Ovid para busca de literatura cinza. Os títulos e resumos foram lidos para excluir artigos irrelevantes. Em seguida, os artigos selecionados foram lidos na íntegra e avaliados de acordo com os critérios de elegibilidade. O risco de viés foi avaliado de acordo com a Cochrane. Resultados Um total de 3.423 artigos foram identificado por meio de busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas; 1.560 deles eram duplicados e foram excluídos; 1.825 artigos foram excluídos após a leitura do título e do resumo. Um total de 39 artigos foram selecionado para leitura, porém apenas quatro artigos atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade para inclusão nesta revisão sistemática. Três dos estudos incluídos que utilizaram suplementação de prebióticos ou simbióticos mostraram que após a intervenção ocorreram mudanças no padrão da microbiota intestinal. Apenas em um estudo tais mudanças não foram observadas. Um elevado risco de viés foi observado na maioria das avaliações. Conclusão Embora haja uma possível alteração na microbiota intestinal de indivíduos com DHGNA após a suplementação com simbióticos ou prebióticos, uma indicação clínica como parte do tratamento da DHGNA ainda não é possível.