RESUMO

The bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix (Linneus 1766) is captured by industrial, artisanal, and recreational fisheries throughout its distribution range. The reproductive biology of P. saltatrix in the southwestern Atlantic was studied using 1,102 specimens captured by the Brazilian commercial fleet between March 2014 and December 2015. The recruitment period was identified from records of juveniles in experimental beach seine hauls carried out on sandy beaches in the external sector of Guanabara Bay for four years (2012-2015). Based on the reproductive indices and on the macro- and microscopic analyses of the gonads, spawning peaks were identified in autumn and spring. The size at first maturity was estimated at 35.5, 38.3, and 37.4 cm for females, males, and general, respectively. Ovary analyses and measurements of the oocyte diameters indicated that bluefish are multiple spawners with asynchronous oocyte development. The batch fecundity estimate was 202,752.5 eggs and ranged from 9,800.9 to 426,787.0 eggs. The species reproduces throughout the entire study area, but it is more active in the south of Arraial do Cabo. The young-of-the-year were recorded on shallow water in all seasons, with modal peaks in the summer months. The parameters estimated in this study expand and update information on this species, providing important data for the evaluation and fisheries management of the stock of P. saltatrix in the southwestern Atlantic.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix (Linneus 1766) is captured by industrial, artisanal, and recreational fisheries throughout its distribution range. The reproductive biology of P. saltatrix in the southwestern Atlantic was studied using 1,102 specimens captured by the Brazilian commercial fleet between March 2014 and December 2015. The recruitment period was identified from records of juveniles in experimental beach seine hauls carried out on sandy beaches in the external sector of Guanabara Bay for four years (2012-2015). Based on the reproductive indices and on the macro- and microscopic analyses of the gonads, spawning peaks were identified in autumn and spring. The size at first maturity was estimated at 35.5, 38.3, and 37.4 cm for females, males, and general, respectively. Ovary analyses and measurements of the oocyte diameters indicated that bluefish are multiple spawners with asynchronous oocyte development. The batch fecundity estimate was 202,752.5 eggs and ranged from 9,800.9 to 426,787.0 eggs. The species reproduces throughout the entire study area, but it is more active in the south of Arraial do Cabo. The young-of-the-year were recorded on shallow water in all seasons, with modal peaks in the summer months. The parameters estimated in this study expand and update information on this species, providing important data for the evaluation and fisheries management of the stock of P. saltatrix in the southwestern Atlantic.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT The bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix (Linneus 1766) is captured by industrial, artisanal, and recreational fisheries throughout its distribution range. The reproductive biology of P. saltatrix in the southwestern Atlantic was studied using 1,102 specimens captured by the Brazilian commercial fleet between March 2014 and December 2015. The recruitment period was identified from records of juveniles in experimental beach seine hauls carried out on sandy beaches in the external sector of Guanabara Bay for four years (2012-2015). Based on the reproductive indices and on the macro- and microscopic analyses of the gonads, spawning peaks were identified in autumn and spring. The size at first maturity was estimated at 35.5, 38.3, and 37.4 cm for females, males, and general, respectively. Ovary analyses and measurements of the oocyte diameters indicated that bluefish are multiple spawners with asynchronous oocyte development. The batch fecundity estimate was 202,752.5 eggs and ranged from 9,800.9 to 426,787.0 eggs. The species reproduces throughout the entire study area, but it is more active in the south of Arraial do Cabo. The young-of-the-year were recorded on shallow water in all seasons, with modal peaks in the summer months. The parameters estimated in this study expand and update information on this species, providing important data for the evaluation and fisheries management of the stock of P. saltatrix in the southwestern Atlantic.

RESUMO

Small-scale fisheries in Brazil contribute to a significant share of total fish production, accessing a large variety of species. Life history parameters from these resources are important for their management and conservation, based on primary data. The objective of this article is to generate growth parameters and mortality rates of ten fish populations from a coastal zone in Southeastern Brazil. Monthly samples were taken between January 2011 and November 2014 from landings of the beach-seine fishery in an area adjacent to the entrance of the Guanabara Bay. All fishes were measured (total length) and weighed. The length-weight relationships (LWR) were estimated by linear regression analysis on log-transformed data of the equation: W = aL b . The Von Bertalanffy Growth Function (VBGF) was fitted to size-at-age data to obtain growth parameters (K, L ∞ ). The length-converted catch curve was used for estimating the instantaneous total mortality (Z). Taylors equations provided an independent estimate of the natural mortality (M) and longevity. The difference between Z and M derived Fishing mortality (F). A total of 2,938 individuals from ten fish species were used to determine the length-weight relationships. Harengula clupeola (Cuvier, 1829) has a new maximum length record for the FishBase LWR database. Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879) presented the smallest and largest size recorded for LWR observed in the literature and FishBase database. Upeneus parvus showed the greatest total length, while Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758, Orthopristis ruber (Cuvier, 1830) and Dactylopterus volitans (Linnaeus, 1758) presented the smallest sizes for LWR in FishBase. The other species showed parameters within the expected values for each group. The performance index combining information from Kand L ∞ presented values between 2.32 and 3.76 and were considered appropriate for the populations evaluated.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Small-scale fisheries in Brazil contribute to a significant share of total fish production, accessing a large variety of species. Life history parameters from these resources are important for their management and conservation, based on primary data. The objective of this article is to generate growth parameters and mortality rates of ten fish populations from a coastal zone in Southeastern Brazil. Monthly samples were taken between January 2011 and November 2014 from landings of the beach-seine fishery in an area adjacent to the entrance of the Guanabara Bay. All fishes were measured (total length) and weighed. The length-weight relationships (LWR) were estimated by linear regression analysis on log-transformed data of the equation: W = aL b . The Von Bertalanffy Growth Function (VBGF) was fitted to size-at-age data to obtain growth parameters (K, L ∞ ). The length-converted catch curve was used for estimating the instantaneous total mortality (Z). Taylor’s equations provided an independent estimate of the natural mortality (M) and longevity. The difference between Z and M derived Fishing mortality (F). A total of 2,938 individuals from ten fish species were used to determine the length-weight relationships. Harengula clupeola (Cuvier, 1829) has a new maximum length record for the FishBase LWR database. Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879) presented the smallest and largest size recorded for LWR observed in the literature and FishBase database. Upeneus parvus showed the greatest total length, while Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758, Orthopristis ruber (Cuvier, 1830) and Dactylopterus volitans (Linnaeus, 1758) presented the smallest sizes for LWR in FishBase. The other species showed parameters within the expected values for each group. The performance index combining information from Kand L ∞ presented values between 2.32 and 3.76 and were considered appropriate for the populations evaluated.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The physical habitat simulation sub-routine of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) uses hydraulic modeling and suitability indices of target fish species to predict how differences in-stream flows affect the microhabitat occupation by fish species. This habitat modelling approach was adopted to assess the ecological effects of running flows on three neotropical fish species of different orders (Bryconamericus ornaticeps , Ancistrus multispinis and Geophagus brasiliensis ).The study encompassed two reaches of an Atlantic Forest stream in Southeastern Brazil where topographic and hydraulic (depth, velocity and type of substrate) characteristics were measured to implement one-dimensional hydraulic simulation. Sub aquatic observation of fish was performed to collect data on microhabitat use and these data were used to develop habitat suitability curves that were used in the habitat simulation to obtain the habitat suitability index (HSI) and weighted usable area (WUA) versus flow curves. Upon these curves minimum and optimum environmental flows for the target fish species were proposed. Bryconamericus ornaticeps and A. multispinis selected microhabitats around 0.6 m depth, whereas G. brasiliensis showed a wider suitable range (0.35-0.9 m). All the three species were mainly observed in microhabitat with low flow velocity (0.1 m/s). Bryconamericus ornaticeps selected more frequently coarse substrate (e.g. boulders) but it appeared also over sandy substrate, whereas A. multispinis and G. brasiliensis selected preferably boulders. The range of 0.65-0.85 m3/s was found as the optimum to meet the needs of the three fish species. Our results agree with the necessary objective information to perform grounded management actions in the frame of a management program aiming at ecosystem conservation. Thereby it can be considered a successful pilot study in environmental flow assessment in an Atlantic Forest stream of Brazil.(AU)

A sub-rotina simulação de habitat físico da metodologia incremental - IFIM usa variáveis hidráulicas e os índices de aptidão das espécies alvo para predizer como diferentes vazões afetam a ocupação de microhabitat por espécies de peixes. Esta abordagem de simulação de hábitat foi adotada para avaliar os efeitos ecológicos sobre três espécies de peixes tropicais de diferentes ordens (Bryconamericus ornaticeps , Ancistrus multispinis e Geophagus brasiliensis ) em dois trechos de um riacho de Mata Atlântica do sudeste do Brasil, durante a estação chuvosa de 2013 e a estação seca de 2014. Características topográficas e hidráulicas (profundidade, velocidade e tipo de substrato) foram mensuradas para implementação da simulação de habitat em uma dimensão; observações subaquáticas dos peixes foram realizadas para avaliação do uso do microhabitat. As curvas de aptidão de habitat de cada variável hidráulica foram utilizadas na simulação de habitat para obtenção das curvas de aptidão composta (HSI) e a área útil ponderada (WUA) versus fluxo, e propor vazões ambientais mínimas e ideais para as espécies de peixes-alvo. A amplitude de vazão de 0,65-0,85 m3/s foi registrada como o ótimo para satisfazer as necessidades das três espécies de peixes. Esta é uma informação objetiva para os gestores de recursos hídricos e que pode ser aplicada no planejamento de programas de gestão visando a conservação dos ecossistemas. Desse modo, pode ser considerado um estudo piloto bem sucedido na avaliação do fluxo ambiental em um riacho da Mata Atlântica do Brasil.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The physical habitat simulation sub-routine of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) uses hydraulic modeling and suitability indices of target fish species to predict how differences in-stream flows affect the microhabitat occupation by fish species. This habitat modelling approach was adopted to assess the ecological effects of running flows on three neotropical fish species of different orders (Bryconamericus ornaticeps , Ancistrus multispinis and Geophagus brasiliensis ).The study encompassed two reaches of an Atlantic Forest stream in Southeastern Brazil where topographic and hydraulic (depth, velocity and type of substrate) characteristics were measured to implement one-dimensional hydraulic simulation. Sub aquatic observation of fish was performed to collect data on microhabitat use and these data were used to develop habitat suitability curves that were used in the habitat simulation to obtain the habitat suitability index (HSI) and weighted usable area (WUA) versus flow curves. Upon these curves minimum and optimum environmental flows for the target fish species were proposed. Bryconamericus ornaticeps and A. multispinis selected microhabitats around 0.6 m depth, whereas G. brasiliensis showed a wider suitable range (0.35-0.9 m). All the three species were mainly observed in microhabitat with low flow velocity (0.1 m/s). Bryconamericus ornaticeps selected more frequently coarse substrate (e.g. boulders) but it appeared also over sandy substrate, whereas A. multispinis and G. brasiliensis selected preferably boulders. The range of 0.65-0.85 m3/s was found as the optimum to meet the needs of the three fish species. Our results agree with the necessary objective information to perform grounded management actions in the frame of a management program aiming at ecosystem conservation. Thereby it can be considered a successful pilot study in environmental flow assessment in an Atlantic Forest stream of Brazil.

A sub-rotina simulação de habitat físico da metodologia incremental - IFIM usa variáveis hidráulicas e os índices de aptidão das espécies alvo para predizer como diferentes vazões afetam a ocupação de microhabitat por espécies de peixes. Esta abordagem de simulação de hábitat foi adotada para avaliar os efeitos ecológicos sobre três espécies de peixes tropicais de diferentes ordens (Bryconamericus ornaticeps , Ancistrus multispinis e Geophagus brasiliensis ) em dois trechos de um riacho de Mata Atlântica do sudeste do Brasil, durante a estação chuvosa de 2013 e a estação seca de 2014. Características topográficas e hidráulicas (profundidade, velocidade e tipo de substrato) foram mensuradas para implementação da simulação de habitat em uma dimensão; observações subaquáticas dos peixes foram realizadas para avaliação do uso do microhabitat. As curvas de aptidão de habitat de cada variável hidráulica foram utilizadas na simulação de habitat para obtenção das curvas de aptidão composta (HSI) e a área útil ponderada (WUA) versus fluxo, e propor vazões ambientais mínimas e ideais para as espécies de peixes-alvo. A amplitude de vazão de 0,65-0,85 m3/s foi registrada como o ótimo para satisfazer as necessidades das três espécies de peixes. Esta é uma informação objetiva para os gestores de recursos hídricos e que pode ser aplicada no planejamento de programas de gestão visando a conservação dos ecossistemas. Desse modo, pode ser considerado um estudo piloto bem sucedido na avaliação do fluxo ambiental em um riacho da Mata Atlântica do Brasil.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Micropogonias furnieri is one of the most important fishery resources in Southeastern Brazil. However, the Brazilian law for exploitation of this resource is incipient. Our main aim was to assess whether reproductive tactics developed by Ubatuba populations are consistent with the available information and to evaluate their suitability to support measures of protection. A total of 359 individuals were examined, with unbalanced sex ration (1 female:1.56 male). Negative alometry (b 3) was found for both sexes. Spawning occurs during most of the year. Size at first maturation (L50 = 341 mm; 329 mm TL; for females and males, respectively), was higher than previous information for the region, and higher than the minimum size of allowed capture established by the law (TL = 25 cm). We recommend consider this new size at first maturity as the minimum allowed capture size as a measure to help protect this fishery resource in Southeastern Brazil.

A corvina Micropogonias furnieri é um dos recursos pesqueiros mais importantes das pescarias artesanais costeiras do Sudeste do Brasil. Entretanto, a legislação pesqueira é incipiente no que diz respeito à regulamentação da pesca desta espécie. Objetivou-se investigar se as táticas reprodutivas da população de corvinas de Ubatuba-SP são consistentes com as informações disponíveis na literatura e adequadas para suportar medidas de proteção da espécie. Foram examinados 359 indivíduos, com proporção sexual desbalanceada (1 fêmea:1,56 macho). Ambos os sexos apresentaram alometria negativa (b 3). Observou-se longo período reprodutivo. Os comprimentos de primeira maturação gonadal (C50 = 341 mm; 329 mm para fêmeas e machos, respectivamente), foram superiores aos reportados para a região Sudeste e ao tamanho mínimo de captura estabelecido por lei (Ct = 250 mm). Recomenda-se revisar a legislação considerando os valores de C50 do presente estudo como medida de proteção a este recurso na região Sudeste do Brasil.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Micropogonias furnieri is one of the most important fishery resources in Southeastern Brazil. However, the Brazilian law for exploitation of this resource is incipient. Our main aim was to assess whether reproductive tactics developed by Ubatuba populations are consistent with the available information and to evaluate their suitability to support measures of protection. A total of 359 individuals were examined, with unbalanced sex ration (1 female:1.56 male). Negative alometry (b 3) was found for both sexes. Spawning occurs during most of the year. Size at first maturation (L50 = 341 mm; 329 mm TL; for females and males, respectively), was higher than previous information for the region, and higher than the minimum size of allowed capture established by the law (TL = 25 cm). We recommend consider this new size at first maturity as the minimum allowed capture size as a measure to help protect this fishery resource in Southeastern Brazil.(AU)

A corvina Micropogonias furnieri é um dos recursos pesqueiros mais importantes das pescarias artesanais costeiras do Sudeste do Brasil. Entretanto, a legislação pesqueira é incipiente no que diz respeito à regulamentação da pesca desta espécie. Objetivou-se investigar se as táticas reprodutivas da população de corvinas de Ubatuba-SP são consistentes com as informações disponíveis na literatura e adequadas para suportar medidas de proteção da espécie. Foram examinados 359 indivíduos, com proporção sexual desbalanceada (1 fêmea:1,56 macho). Ambos os sexos apresentaram alometria negativa (b 3). Observou-se longo período reprodutivo. Os comprimentos de primeira maturação gonadal (C50 = 341 mm; 329 mm para fêmeas e machos, respectivamente), foram superiores aos reportados para a região Sudeste e ao tamanho mínimo de captura estabelecido por lei (Ct = 250 mm). Recomenda-se revisar a legislação considerando os valores de C50 do presente estudo como medida de proteção a este recurso na região Sudeste do Brasil.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The analysis and understanding of fish growth are important for the knowledge of their population dynamics. In this context growth parameters were calculated for Eucinostomus argenteus (carapicu), one of the most abundant species in Sepetiba Bay (RJ), Brazil. Growth parameters were estimated based on length frequency distribution data according to ELEFAN I and Bhattacharya methods, using the FISAT software. The estimated growth parameters were: asymptotic length L = 28.31 cm; growth rate coefficient k = 0.61 year-1; natural mortality coefficient M = 1.53 year-1. Longevity estimates, defined as the time (years) for a fish to reach 95% of the asymptotic length was 4.34 years. Three cohorts were indicated by the Bhattacharya method in more than half of monthly samples, corroborating with the ELEFAN I method, which is based on modal displacement of temporal sequences of length samples. This last method evidenced the presence of 5 cohorts according to the best fit of Rn (goodness of fit index) and 2 of this cohort clearly correspond to the observed data in the study area. Therefore the growth parameters and mortality estimated to Sepetiba bay E. argenteus populations contribute to knowledge of the species biology and represent progress toward an appropriate and necessary management for biodiversity conservation.

A análise e compreensão dos parâmetros de crescimento de peixes são fatores preponderantes para o entendimento da dinâmica de suas populações. Neste contexto, foram calculados alguns parâmetros de crescimento para Eucinostomus argenteus (carapicú), uma das espécies mais abundantes da Baia de Sepetib (RJ). Tais parâmetros foram estimados por meio dos métodos ELEFAN I e Bhattacharya, inseridos no pacote computacional FISAT. Os parâmetros estimados foram: L (comprimento máximo assintótico) = 28,31 cm; k (coeficiente de taxa de crescimento) = 0,61 ano-1; M (coeficiente de mortalidade natural) = 1,53 ano-1. A longevidade, definida como o tempo que o indivíduo leva para alcançar 95% do comprimento assintótico, foi estimada em 4,34 anos. O método de Bhattacharya indicou a presença de três coortes em mais da metade dos meses amostrados, corroborando com o método ELEFAN I, que se baseia no deslocamento modal de sequências temporais de amostras de comprimento. Este último método evidenciou a presença de cinco coortes, em função dos melhores ajustes de Rn (goodness of fit index), sendo que duas destas coortes correspondem nitidamente aos dados observados na área de estudo. Portanto, os parâmetros de crescimento e mortalidade estimados para população de E. argenteus na baia de Sepetiba contribuem para compreensão da biologia da espécie e representam avanços em direção a um manejo adequado e necessário para a preservação da biodiversidade.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The analysis and understanding of fish growth are important for the knowledge of their population dynamics. In this context growth parameters were calculated for Eucinostomus argenteus (carapicu), one of the most abundant species in Sepetiba Bay (RJ), Brazil. Growth parameters were estimated based on length frequency distribution data according to ELEFAN I and Bhattacharya methods, using the FISAT software. The estimated growth parameters were: asymptotic length L = 28.31 cm; growth rate coefficient k = 0.61 year-1; natural mortality coefficient M = 1.53 year-1. Longevity estimates, defined as the time (years) for a fish to reach 95% of the asymptotic length was 4.34 years. Three cohorts were indicated by the Bhattacharya method in more than half of monthly samples, corroborating with the ELEFAN I method, which is based on modal displacement of temporal sequences of length samples. This last method evidenced the presence of 5 cohorts according to the best fit of Rn (goodness of fit index) and 2 of this cohort clearly correspond to the observed data in the study area. Therefore the growth parameters and mortality estimated to Sepetiba bay E. argenteus populations contribute to knowledge of the species biology and represent progress toward an appropriate and necessary management for biodiversity conservation.(AU)

A análise e compreensão dos parâmetros de crescimento de peixes são fatores preponderantes para o entendimento da dinâmica de suas populações. Neste contexto, foram calculados alguns parâmetros de crescimento para Eucinostomus argenteus (carapicú), uma das espécies mais abundantes da Baia de Sepetib (RJ). Tais parâmetros foram estimados por meio dos métodos ELEFAN I e Bhattacharya, inseridos no pacote computacional FISAT. Os parâmetros estimados foram: L (comprimento máximo assintótico) = 28,31 cm; k (coeficiente de taxa de crescimento) = 0,61 ano-1; M (coeficiente de mortalidade natural) = 1,53 ano-1. A longevidade, definida como o tempo que o indivíduo leva para alcançar 95% do comprimento assintótico, foi estimada em 4,34 anos. O método de Bhattacharya indicou a presença de três coortes em mais da metade dos meses amostrados, corroborando com o método ELEFAN I, que se baseia no deslocamento modal de sequências temporais de amostras de comprimento. Este último método evidenciou a presença de cinco coortes, em função dos melhores ajustes de Rn (goodness of fit index), sendo que duas destas coortes correspondem nitidamente aos dados observados na área de estudo. Portanto, os parâmetros de crescimento e mortalidade estimados para população de E. argenteus na baia de Sepetiba contribuem para compreensão da biologia da espécie e representam avanços em direção a um manejo adequado e necessário para a preservação da biodiversidade.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

We determined in this study the habitat preferences of seven native fish species in a regulated river in Southeastern Brazil. We tested the hypothesis that fishes differ in habitat preference and that they use stretches of the river differing in hydraulic characteristics and substrate type. We surveyed fishes in four 1-km long river stretches encompassing different habitat traits, where we also measured water depth, velocity, and substrate type. We investigated preference patterns of four Siluriformes (Loricariichthys castaneus, Hoplosternum littorale, Pimelodus maculatus, and Trachelyopterus striatulus) and three Characiformes (Astyanax aff. bimaculatus, Oligosarcus hepsetus, and Hoplias malabaricus), representing approximately 70% of the total number of fishes and 64% of the total biomass. We classified fishes into four habitat guilds: (1) a slow-flowing water guild that occupied mud-sand substrate, composed of two Siluriformes in either shallow (< 4 m, i.e., H. littorale) or deep (> 8 m, L. castaneus) waters; (2) a run-dwelling guild that occurs in deep backwaters with clay-mud substrate, composed of the Characiformes A. aff. bimaculatus and O. hepsetus; (3) a run-dwelling guild that occurs in sandy and shallow substrate, composed of T. striatulus; and (4) a fast-flowing guild that occurs primarily along shorelines with shallow mud bottoms, composed of H. malabaricus and P. maculatus. Our hypothesis was confirmed, as different habitat preferences by fishes appear to occur in this regulated river.(AU)

Determinamos neste estudo a preferência de habitat de sete espécies de peixes abundantes em um rio regulado do Sudeste do Brasil. Testamos a hipótese de que peixes diferem na preferência de habitat e usam trechos do rio com diferentes características hidráulicas e tipos de substratos. Realizamos amostragens de peixes, utilizando redes de espera e tarrafas em quatro trechos do rio de 1 km de extensão, compreendendo diferentes características do habitat, onde também obtivemos medidas de profundidade, velocidade da água e tipo de substrato. Quatro Siluriformes (Loricariichthys castaneus, Hoplosternum littorale, Pimelodus maculatus e Trachelyopterus striatulus) e três Characiformes (Astyanax aff. bimaculatus, Oligosarcus hepsetus e Hoplias malabaricus) que juntos compreenderam aproximadamente 70% do número total e 64% do peso total de peixes foram estudados. Classificamos os peixes em quatro guildas: (1) peixes que ocorrem em trechos com baixa velocidade de fluxo e substrato constituído predominantemente de lama e areia, compreendendo dois Siluriformes, um de áreas rasas (< 4 m, i.e., H. littorale) e outro de áreas profundas (> 8 m, i.e., L. castaneus); (2) peixes que utilizam rápidos de áreas laterais mais profundas com substrato lamoso, representados pelos pequenos Characiformes, A. aff. bimaculatus e O. hepsetus; (3) peixes que utilizam rápidos que ocorrem em áreas rasas e substrato arenoso, representado por T. striatulus; e (4) peixes de corredeiras que utilizam as margens rasas com fundo lamoso, representados por H. malabaricus e P. maculatus. As espécies estudadas apresentam diferenciação na preferência por variáveis do hábitat, corroborando a hipótese investigada.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

We determined in this study the habitat preferences of seven native fish species in a regulated river in Southeastern Brazil. We tested the hypothesis that fishes differ in habitat preference and that they use stretches of the river differing in hydraulic characteristics and substrate type. We surveyed fishes in four 1-km long river stretches encompassing different habitat traits, where we also measured water depth, velocity, and substrate type. We investigated preference patterns of four Siluriformes (Loricariichthys castaneus, Hoplosternum littorale, Pimelodus maculatus, and Trachelyopterus striatulus) and three Characiformes (Astyanax aff. bimaculatus, Oligosarcus hepsetus, and Hoplias malabaricus), representing approximately 70% of the total number of fishes and 64% of the total biomass. We classified fishes into four habitat guilds: (1) a slow-flowing water guild that occupied mud-sand substrate, composed of two Siluriformes in either shallow (< 4 m, i.e., H. littorale) or deep (> 8 m, L. castaneus) waters; (2) a run-dwelling guild that occurs in deep backwaters with clay-mud substrate, composed of the Characiformes A. aff. bimaculatus and O. hepsetus; (3) a run-dwelling guild that occurs in sandy and shallow substrate, composed of T. striatulus; and (4) a fast-flowing guild that occurs primarily along shorelines with shallow mud bottoms, composed of H. malabaricus and P. maculatus. Our hypothesis was confirmed, as different habitat preferences by fishes appear to occur in this regulated river.

Determinamos neste estudo a preferência de habitat de sete espécies de peixes abundantes em um rio regulado do Sudeste do Brasil. Testamos a hipótese de que peixes diferem na preferência de habitat e usam trechos do rio com diferentes características hidráulicas e tipos de substratos. Realizamos amostragens de peixes, utilizando redes de espera e tarrafas em quatro trechos do rio de 1 km de extensão, compreendendo diferentes características do habitat, onde também obtivemos medidas de profundidade, velocidade da água e tipo de substrato. Quatro Siluriformes (Loricariichthys castaneus, Hoplosternum littorale, Pimelodus maculatus e Trachelyopterus striatulus) e três Characiformes (Astyanax aff. bimaculatus, Oligosarcus hepsetus e Hoplias malabaricus) que juntos compreenderam aproximadamente 70% do número total e 64% do peso total de peixes foram estudados. Classificamos os peixes em quatro guildas: (1) peixes que ocorrem em trechos com baixa velocidade de fluxo e substrato constituído predominantemente de lama e areia, compreendendo dois Siluriformes, um de áreas rasas (< 4 m, i.e., H. littorale) e outro de áreas profundas (> 8 m, i.e., L. castaneus); (2) peixes que utilizam rápidos de áreas laterais mais profundas com substrato lamoso, representados pelos pequenos Characiformes, A. aff. bimaculatus e O. hepsetus; (3) peixes que utilizam rápidos que ocorrem em áreas rasas e substrato arenoso, representado por T. striatulus; e (4) peixes de corredeiras que utilizam as margens rasas com fundo lamoso, representados por H. malabaricus e P. maculatus. As espécies estudadas apresentam diferenciação na preferência por variáveis do hábitat, corroborando a hipótese investigada.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Distribution of Micropogonias furnieri in the Sepetiba Bay, an ecosystem highly important as rearing ground for this species that represents 5.8 of the numerical catches by otter trawling, was analyzed based in monthly and bi-monthly samplings from two programmes (beach seines = continental margin; and otter trawl = inside of the Bay), over three annual cycles, between 1993 and 1997. Spatial comparisons were assessed by dividing the Bay in two zones for the beach seines (inner and outer Bay) and three zones for the otter trawl (inner, central and outer Bay), following depth, salinity and transparency gradient, as well as for the influence of the sea. Beach seines (30 m extension, a 10 m length x 2.5 m of height x 7 mm mesh) and otter trawls were used. Trawls covered 1.5 km and the boat (net mouth 8 m, mesh size 12 mm between opposites knots in the cod). Temperature (degree C) and salinity (p.s.u.) were taken in each sampling; depth (m) and transparency (m) were measured during the trawl. Fish from beach seine were basically young-of-the-year; in the trawl they were individuals of larger size with total length varying from 70 mm to 300 mm. Spatially, highest CPUEs were found for the continental margin in the inner Bay, and for the inside Bay, in the inner and central zones. Highly significant correlations were detected among M. furnieri abundance and low salinity, transparency and depth in the inner Bay, with no defined pattern for the continental margin. Temporally, differences in fish abundance were shown only for the second annual cycle (1996) for the continental margin, with peaks in September/October.

Assuntos