RESUMO
The hyline tribe Lophyohylini includes 87 species of treefrogs, of which cytogenetics aspects have been studied in less than 20% of them. In order to evaluate the evolution of some of its chromosome characters (NOR position, C-bands, and DAPI/CMA3 bands), we studied the karyotypes of 21 lophyohylines, 16 of them for the first time, and analyzed them in a phylogenetic context. Most species showed similar karyotypes regarding chromosome number (2n = 24) and morphology (FN = 48), excepting Phyllodytes edelmoi and Osteocephalus buckleyi with 2n = 22 (FN = 44) and 2n = 28 (FN = 50), respectively. The NOR location was variable among species and provided valuable phylogenetic information. This marker was located in pair 11 in all species of Trachycephalus, Itapotihyla langsdorffii, and Nyctimantis arapapa, representing the plesiomorphic condition of Lophyohylini. Besides, other apomorphic states were recovered for the clades comprising N. rugiceps and N. siemersi (NOR in pair 5), and Dryaderces pearsoni, Osteocephalus, and Osteopilus (NOR in pair 9). Phyllodytes presented variation for NORs position; they were in pair 2 in P. edelmoi, pair 7 in P. melanomystax, and pair 8 in P. gyrinaethes and P. praeceptor. Polymorphisms in size, number, and activity of this marker were observed for N. siemersi, Osteocephalus fuscifacies, and some species of Trachycephalus. Remarkably, in N. siemersi NORs were detected on a single chromosome in the two specimens studied by this technique, raising the question of how this complex polymorphism is maintained. Interstitial telomeric sequences were found in P. edelmoi, P. melanomystax, and Osteocephalus buckleyi, and their presence seems to be not related to the chromosome reorganization events. Finally, some species showed spontaneous rearrangements, possibly as a consequence of an uncommon phenomenon in anuran cytogenetics: the presence of fragile sites or secondary constrictions not associated with NORs. We propose that this rare feature would have played an important role in the evolution of this group of frogs. From the evidence obtained in this and previous studies, we conclude that Lophyohylini presents a complex chromosome evolution.
Assuntos
Anuros/genética , Cromossomos/genética , Animais , Anuros/classificação , Bandeamento Cromossômico , Sítios Frágeis do Cromossomo/genética , Cromossomos/ultraestrutura , Análise Citogenética , Evolução Molecular , Feminino , Cariótipo , Masculino , Região Organizadora do Nucléolo/genética , Região Organizadora do Nucléolo/ultraestrutura , Filogenia , Polimorfismo Genético , América do Sul , Especificidade da Espécie , Telômero/genéticaRESUMO
Introdução: A asma é uma doença complexa, resultante da interação entre fatores genéticos e ambientais. A expressão aumentada de genes relacionados à inflamação define as alterações celulares e estruturais do aparelho respiratório, enquanto o meio ambiente modula os diferentes fenótipos asmáticos. Os produtos dessas células envolvidos na inflamação incluem citocinas, como a interleucina13 (IL-13), que está relacionada com a síntese direta de IgE, imunoglobulina essencial na patogênese da asma. Há divergências entre a prevalência da asma e o grupo étnico estudado, desta forma, o uso de Marcadores Informativos de Ancestralidade (AIM Ancestry Informative Markers) possibilita a caracterização da ancestralidade genômica de diferentes populações. Objetivos: Verificar a associação entre polimorfismos do gene IL-13R com a ancestralidade genômica e a asma em uma população no sul da Bahia. Métodos: Foram genotipadas 320 amostras, sendo 114 casos, e 206 controles, utilizando o método de PCR e PCR/RFLP em sete AIMs (Sb19.3, APO, AT3, RB2300, LPL, CKMM e PV92) que apresentam elevado diferencial de frequência alélica entre africanos, ameríndios e europeu, e um polimorfismo no receptor de IL-13 (IL-13RA1). Resultados: Os resultados desse estudo mostraram que a maior contribuição foi ameríndia, tanto para os casos (37,42%), como para os controles (50,52%), demonstrando que há diferenças nas contribuições étnicas das amostras da região estudada. O polimorfismo no receptor de IL-13 (IL- 13RA1) apresentou associação significativa com rinite e história familiar. Conclusões: A heterogeneidade da composição étnica das amostras pode ter influenciado na não associação das duas variáveis: níveis de IgE sérico e histórico familiar, e a presença do polimorfismo no receptor da IL-13RA1, e aponta a necessidade de realização do controle genômico.
Introduction: Asthma is a complex disease resulting from the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Increased expression of inflammatory genes defines cellular and structural changes in the respiratory tract, while the environment modulates the different asthmatic phenotypes. Cell products involved in inflammation include cytokines, such as interleukin-13 (IL-13), which is related to the direct synthesis of IgE, an immunoglobulin that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Because there is divergence of asthma prevalence between different ethnic groups, the use of ancestry informative markers (AIMs) allows for the characterization of genomic ancestry in different populations. Objectives: To examine the association of IL-13R gene polymorphisms with genomic ancestry and asthma in a population from the south of Bahia. Methods: A total of 320 samples, 114 cases and 206 controls, were genotyped using PCR and PCR/RFLP methods for 7 AIMs (Sb19.3, APO, AT3, RB2300, LPL, CKMM, and PV92) that showed a high allele frequency differential between Africans, Amerindians, and Europeans and 1 polymorphism in the IL-13 receptor (IL-13RA1). Results: Amerindian ancestry provided the greatest contribution in both cases (37.42%) and controls (50.52%), indicating that there are differences in the ethnic contribution of the samples from the study region. The IL-13 receptor (IL-13RA1) polymorphism was significantly associated with rhinitis and family history. Conclusions: Heterogeneity in the ethnic composition of the samples may have influenced the non-association of serum IgE levels and family history with the presence of IL-13RA1 receptor polymorphism, and the results point to the need for genomic control.
Assuntos
Humanos , Asma , Imunoglobulina E , Interleucina-13 , Genômica , Receptores de Interleucina-13 , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo Genético , Sistema Respiratório , Etnicidade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prevalência , Indígena Americano ou Nativo do Alasca , MétodosRESUMO
The foetida species complex comprises 13 Neotropical species in the ant genus Neoponera. Neoponera villosa Fabricius (1804) , Neoponera inversa Smith (1858), Neoponera bactronica Fernandes, Oliveira & Delabie (2013), and Neoponera curvinodis (Forel, 1899) have had an ambiguous taxonomic status for more than two decades. In southern Bahia, Brazil, these four species are frequently found in sympatry. Here we used Bayesian Inference and maximum likelihood analyses of COI and 16S mtDNA sequence data and conventional cytogenetic data together with observations on morphology to characterize sympatric populations of N. villosa, N. inversa, N. bactronica, and N. curvinodis. Our results showed marked differences in the karyotype of these ants. Both N. curvinodis and N. inversa have chromosome number of 2n = 30. Their chromosome composition, however, is distinct, which indicates that N. curvinodis is more closely related to N. bactronica. These four species clustered into three distinct groups. The close relationship between N. bactronica and N. curvinodis deserves further investigation since it has not been fully resolved here. Our results confirm that N. inversa, N. villosa, N. bactronica + N. curvinodis indeed represent four distinct taxa within the foetida species complex.
Assuntos
Formigas/classificação , Cromossomos de Insetos , Cariótipo , Animais , Formigas/anatomia & histologia , Formigas/genética , Brasil , DNA Mitocondrial/análise , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/análise , RNA Ribossômico 16S/análise , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) of the pancreas is rare, its diagnosis has increased severalfold in the past decades. We present our experience in the management of SPT, including a patient who experienced tumor rupture during laparoscopy pancreatic resection. METHODS: Data on all patients with SPT who were subjected to surgical treatment were retrospectively obtained. RESULTS: Of 20 patients evaluated, 17 (85%) were females. The mean age was 31 years. Tumor size varied from 2.7 × 1.5 to 13.5 × 10.0 cm, with a mean of 6.4 × 7.6 cm. The most common location was the tail and/or body of the pancreas (14 patients [70%]). Pancreatic tumor resection was performed in 19 patients (50%). The type of resection depended on tumor location and size: distal pancreatectomy (n = 13), pancreatoduodenectomy (n = 5), and central pancreatectomy (n = 1) Pancreatic resection was performed via laparoscopy in 7 patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy. Tumor resection was not performed in only 1 patient (5%), due to invasion of mesenteric vessels and presence of liver metastases. One patient had tumor rupture during laparoscopic resection, with no apparent macroscopic dissemination of the tumor. All 19 patients who underwent SPT resection had no tumor recurrence, including a patient with capsule invasion and another patient with tumor rupture during surgical dissection. The mean follow-up time was 38 months (range, 6-72 months). CONCLUSION: Complete SPT resection is possible in most patients, with a low recurrence rate. Because of its large size, laparoscopic resection of SPT's should be performed only by experienced surgeons to avoid tumor rupture.
Assuntos
Laparoscopia , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/cirurgia , Pancreatectomia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Pancreaticoduodenectomia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/patologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Phylogeographic studies have sought to explain the genetic imprints of historical climatic changes and geographic barriers within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (AF) biota, and consequently two processes of diversification (refugia and barriers) have been proposed. Additionally, there is evidence that eustatic changes influenced the biogeographic history of the AF. Here we evaluate these contrasting diversification processes using two AF social wasp species - the mid-montane Synoeca cyanea and the lowland Synoeca aff. septentrionalis. We analyzed several sources of data including multilocus DNA sequence, climatic niche models and chromosomal features. We find support for idiosyncratic phylogeographic patterns between these wasps, involving different levels of population structure and genetic diversity, contrary suitable climatic conditions during the last glaciation, and contrasting historical movements along the AF. Our data indicate that neotectonics and refugia played distinct roles in shaping the genetic structure of these wasps. However, we argue that eustatic changes influenced the demographic expansion but not population structure in AF biota. Notably, these wasps exhibited chromosomal clines, involving chromosome number and decreasing of GC content, latitudinally oriented along the AF. Together, these results reinforce the need to consider individual organismal histories and indicate that barriers and refugia are significant factors in understanding AF evolution.
Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Cromossomos de Insetos , Florestas , Refúgio de Vida Selvagem , Vespas , Animais , Teorema de Bayes , Brasil , Genes de Insetos , Variação Genética , Geografia , Filogenia , Filogeografia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Vespas/classificação , Vespas/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There are few clinical studies on the pathophysiological mechanisms of very late stent thrombosis (VLST). We report optical coherence tomography findings in patients with VLST and compare the findings between bare-metal stents (BMS) and drug-eluting stents (DES). METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a registry of stent thrombosis at 4 North American centers with optical coherence tomography imaging programs SAFE registry (The Study of Late Stent Failure Evaluated by OCT). Images were acquired in 61 patients (42 DES and 19 BMS) presenting with definite VLST. The median duration from implantation to VLST presentation was 51.4 months in the DES and 69.9 months in the BMS group (P=0.011). Uncovered and malapposed struts were observed in 70.5% (43/61) and 62.3% (38/61) of patients, respectively, whereas neoatherosclerosis was revealed in 49.2% (30/61). Stent underexpansion was observed in 42.4% of patients. Malapposed struts and stent underexpansion were more frequently demonstrated in DES than in BMS patients, whereas neoatherosclerosis was frequently observed in BMS (40.5% in DES and 68.4% in BMS; P=0.056). The percentage of frames with neoatherosclerosis was lower in DES than in BMS (15.56% [12.24-28.57] versus, 56.41% [40.74-70.00], respectively; P<0.001). Maximum consecutive lipid neointima length was shorter in DES than in BMS (2.4 [1.2-3.6] and 5.3 [3.0-7.0] mm; P=0.011). CONCLUSIONS: Optical coherence tomography imaging demonstrated that VLST in DES and BMS had a wide variety of abnormal findings, such as neoatherosclerosis, uncovered strut, and malapposed strut. Neoatherosclerosis and lipid neointima were more frequently observed and had more longitudinal extension in BMS compared with DES.
Assuntos
Trombose Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Stents Farmacológicos , Metais , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/instrumentação , Placa Aterosclerótica , Stents , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Idoso , Trombose Coronária/etiologia , Trombose Coronária/patologia , Vasos Coronários/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , América do Norte , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Desenho de Prótese , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Falha de TratamentoRESUMO
Umbilical hernia occurs in 20% of the patients with liver cirrhosis complicated with ascites. Due to the enormous intraabdominal pressure secondary to the ascites, umbilical hernia in these patients has a tendency to enlarge rapidly and to complicate. The treatment of umbilical hernia in these patients is a surgical challenge. Ascites control is the mainstay to reduce hernia recurrence and postoperative complications, such as wound infection, evisceration, ascites drainage, and peritonitis. Intermittent paracentesis, temporary peritoneal dialysis catheter or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt may be necessary to control ascites. Hernia repair is indicated in patients in whom medical treatment is effective in controlling ascites. Patients who have a good perspective to be transplanted within 3-6 mo, herniorrhaphy should be performed during transplantation. Hernia repair with mesh is associated with lower recurrence rate, but with higher surgical site infection when compared to hernia correction with conventional fascial suture. There is no consensus on the best abdominal wall layer in which the mesh should be placed: Onlay, sublay, or underlay. Many studies have demonstrated several advantages of the laparoscopic umbilical herniorrhaphy in cirrhotic patients compared with open surgical treatment.
RESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Limonium brasiliense (Boiss.) Kuntze, Plumbaginaceae, popularly known as baicuru, has been used in folk medicine to treat menstrual cramps and to regulate menstrual periods. However, little is known about its safety. This study evaluated the safety through in vivo tests of the acute, long-term, and liver toxicity, and the mutagenicity of the crude extract (CE) from rhizomes of L. brasiliense. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The acute toxicity was assessed in Swiss mice, and the chronic toxicity in Wistar rats. Male and female mice received the CE orally in single doses of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, or 5.0 g/kg. Clinical changes and mortality rate were used as parameters to assess the acute toxicity. In the long-term evaluation, male and female Wistar rats were treated orally with daily doses of the CE (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) for 90 days. Assessments of weight, behavior and food intake, urinalysis, biochemical and hematological analyses, as well as macro- and microscopic observations of several organs were performed. The redox state of the liver was evaluated as a means of investigating the liver toxicity, and the micronucleus test to assess mutagenicity was also performed. RESULTS: Evaluation of acute toxicity indicated no apparent clinical change in the animals; the LD50 was 4.8 g/kg. Evaluation after 90 days administration showed that the CE, even in higher doses than are considered therapeutic, appeared to be safe. The micronucleus test demonstrated a low mutagenic potential for the CE. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that treatment with the CE from L. brasiliense caused low or no toxicity, as assessed using these doses and evaluation methods.
Assuntos
Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Plumbaginaceae , Rizoma/toxicidade , Testes de Toxicidade Aguda/métodos , Testes de Toxicidade Crônica/métodos , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Feminino , Masculino , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: While the current methodology for determining fibrous cap (FC) thickness of lipid plaques is based on manual measurements of arbitrary points, which could lead to high variability and decreased accuracy, it ignores the three-dimensional (3-D) morphology of coronary artery disease. OBJECTIVE: To compare, utilizing optical coherence tomography (OCT) assessments, volumetric quantification of FC, and macrophage detection using both visual assessment and automated image processing algorithms in non-culprit lesions of STEMI and stable angina pectoris (SAP) patients. METHODS: Lipid plaques were selected from 67 consecutive patients (1 artery/patient). FC was manually delineated by a computer-aided method and automatically classified into three thickness categories: FC < 65 µm (i.e., thin-cap fibroatheroma [TCFA]), 65-150 µm, and >150 µm. Minimum thickness, absolute categorical surface area, and fractional luminal area of FC were analyzed. Automated detection and quantification of macrophage was performed within the segmented FC. RESULTS: A total of 5,503 cross-sections were analyzed. STEMI patients when compared with SAP patients had more absolute categorical surface area for TCFA (0.43 ± 0.45 mm(2) vs. 0.15 ± 0.25 mm(2) ; P = 0.011), thinner minimum FC thickness (31.63 ± 17.09 µm vs. 47.27 ± 26.56 µm, P = 0.012), greater fractional luminal area for TCFA (1.65 ± 1.56% vs. 0.74 ± 1.2%, P = 0.046), and greater macrophage index (0.0217 ± 0.0081% vs. 0.0153 ± 0.0045%, respectively, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The novel OCT-based 3-D quantification of the FC and macrophage demonstrated thinner FC thickness and larger areas of TCFA coupled with more inflammation in non-culprit sites of STEMI compared with SAP.
Assuntos
Angina Estável/diagnóstico , Vasos Coronários/patologia , Inflamação/diagnóstico , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Idoso , Algoritmos , Angina Estável/metabolismo , Angina Estável/patologia , Automação , Vasos Coronários/química , Feminino , Fibrose , Humanos , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imageamento Tridimensional , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/patologia , Lipídeos/análise , Macrófagos/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/metabolismo , Infarto do Miocárdio/patologia , Placa Aterosclerótica , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: After the introduction of noninvasive imaging exams, congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava (IVC) have become more commonly recognized. We report the first successful orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) performed in an asymptomatic adult with complex IVC anomaly: duplication of the infrarenal IVC, azygos continuation of the IVC, agenesia of the hepatic portion of the IVC and presence of several anomalous veins communicating the common iliac vein and the IVC of one side with the contralateral side. METHODS: This complex anomaly was diagnosed with a venous abdominal angio CT. RESULTS: At liver transplantation, the short suprahepatic portion of the IVC was identified and clamped. The right, middle, and left hepatic veins were sectioned and joined in a single, wide cuff, using venoplasty. This single orifice was anastomosed to the suprahepatic IVC of the new liver. No venovenous bypass was employed. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course. A post transplantation venous abdominal angio CT showed normal blood flow at the anastomosis of the hepatic veins of the receptor and the IVC of the new liver. CONCLUSIONS: This report is important to alert liver transplant teams of the possibility of complex IVC in asymptomatic adult individuals. Identification of these anatomical anomalies is vital to reduce the risk of serious hemorrhage and other operative complications during OLT.
RESUMO
Stingless bees are important pollinators that are severely threatened by anthropic interference, resulting in a strong population decline. Scaptotrigona xanthotricha has a wide distribution in the Atlantic Rainforest, ranging from the northeastern state of Bahia to Santa Catarina in southern Brazil. To understand the genetic structure of S. xanthotricha, 12 species-specific microsatellite loci were analyzed in 42 colonies sampled throughout the species range. The results indicated 5 distinct clusters throughout the sampled area with high rates of genetic diversity, and the greatest diversity was found in southern Bahia. Greater differentiation was observed between samples from the extremes of the distribution, with an F ST value of 0.189 between cluster 1 and 5. The genetic differentiation analysis for all loci had an F ST value of 0.113, a result that is consistent with the analysis of molecular variance, which revealed 7.72% of the variation occurring between groups. The Mantel correlation between a genetic differentiation matrix and a geographic distance matrix (r = 0.184, P = 0.043) indicated a tendency toward increased differentiation with increased distance. This study revealed the profile of differentiation and distribution of genetic diversity in this species and indicates parameters that should be considered in future taxonomic revisions and activities for its management and conservation.
Assuntos
Abelhas/genética , Deriva Genética , Variação Genética , Genética Populacional , Animais , Teorema de Bayes , Brasil , Análise por Conglomerados , Repetições de Microssatélites , Floresta ÚmidaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Although intravascular ultrasound minimal luminal area (IVUS-MLA) is one of many anatomic determinants of lesion severity, it has been proposed as an alternative to fractional flow reserve (FFR) to assess severity of coronary artery disease. OBJECTIVE: Pool the diagnostic performance of IVUS-MLA and determine its overall accuracy to predict the functional significance of coronary disease using FFR (0.75 or 0.80) as the gold standard. METHODS: Studies comparing IVUS and FFR to establish the best MLA cutoff value that correlates with significant coronary stenosis were reviewed from a Medline search using the terms "fractional flow reserve" and "ultrasound." DerSimonian Laird method was applied to obtain pooled accuracy. RESULTS: Eleven clinical trials, including two left main (LM) trials (total N = 1,759 patients, 1,953 lesions) were included. The weighted overall mean MLA cutoff was 2.61 mm(2) in non-LM trials and 5.35 mm(2) in LM trials. For non-LM lesions, the pooled sensitivity of MLA was 0.79 (95% CI = 0.76-0.83) and specificity was 0.65 (95% CI = 0.62-0.67). Positive likelihood ratio (LR) was 2.26 (95% CI = 1.98-2.57) and LR- was 0.32 (95% CI = 0.24-0.44). Area under the summary receiver operator curve for all trials was 0.848. Pooled LM trials had better accuracy: sensitivity = 0.90, specificity = 0.90, LR+ = 8.79, and LR- = 0.120. CONCLUSION: Given its limited pooled accuracy, IVUS-MLA's impact on clinical decision in this scenario is low and may lead to misclassification in up to 20% of the lesions. Pooled analysis points toward lower MLA cutoffs than the ones used in current practice.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/fisiopatologia , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Reserva Fracionada de Fluxo Miocárdico , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/métodos , Vasos Coronários/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Prognóstico , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
First generation drug-eluting stents (DES) are associated with reduced in-stent restenosis but significant increased risk of very late stent thrombosis (VLST). The absence of polymer in DES systems may reduce the occurrence of VLST. Optic coherence tomography (OCT) has been used for stent analysis as a surrogate safety endpoint. This study aimed to assess the long-term follow up of strut apposition and tissue coverage of BioMatrix DES by OCT. 20 patients undergoing BioMatrix DES (n = 15) or S-Stent BMS (n = 5) implantation were followed for at least 5 years and evaluated by quantitative coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound, and OCT. The difference between the stent types was evaluated by nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test while categorical variables were evaluated by Fisher exact test. Rates of in-stent late loss were similar between groups [0.40 (0.21;0.77) vs. 0.68 (0.66; 0.82) mm, p = 0.205, for BioMatrix and S-Stent, respectively]. The vessel, stent and lumen volumes did not differ between groups. Patients treated with BioMatrix had significantly less stent obstruction [5.6 (4.4;9.7) vs. 28.6 (24.7;29.0) %, p = 0.001]. OCT analysis of 12 stents (Biomatrix = 9 and S-Stent = 3) demonstrated 126 (8.7 %) uncovered struts in the BioMatrix group compared to 23 (4.0 %) in the S-Stent group (p = 0.297), being the majority of them well apposed (117/126 and 21/23, respectively, p = 0.292). Only 9 (0.6 %) struts in the DES and 2 (0.4 %) struts in the BMS groups were simultaneously uncovered and malapposed (p = 0.924). BioMatrix DES was associated with lower rates of in-stent obstruction, and similar percentage of neointimal coverage on struts and of complete strut apposition.
Assuntos
Fármacos Cardiovasculares/administração & dosagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Reestenose Coronária/diagnóstico , Vasos Coronários/patologia , Stents Farmacológicos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/instrumentação , Sirolimo/análogos & derivados , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Idoso , Angiografia Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico , Reestenose Coronária/etiologia , Reestenose Coronária/patologia , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neointima , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Desenho de Prótese , Sirolimo/administração & dosagem , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Ultrassonografia de IntervençãoRESUMO
associated with reduced in-stent restenosis but significant
increased risk of very late stent thrombosis (VLST).
The absence of polymer in DES systems may reduce the
occurrence of VLST. Optic coherence tomography (OCT)
has been used for stent analysis as a surrogate safety
endpoint. This study aimed to assess the long-term follow
up of strut apposition and tissue coverage of BioMatrixTM
DES by OCT. 20 patients undergoing BioMatrixTM DES
(n = 15) or S-StentTM BMS (n = 5) implantation were
followed for at least 5 years and evaluated by quantitative
coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound, and OCT.
The difference between the stent types was evaluated by
variables were evaluated by Fisher exact test. Rates of
BioMatrixTM and S-StentTM, respectively]. The vessel,
stent and lumen volumes did not differ between groups.
Patients treated with BioMatrixTM had significantly less
p = 0.001]. OCT analysis of 12 stents (BiomatrixTM = 9
struts in the BioMatrixTM group compared to 23 (4.0 %)
in the S-StentTM group (p = 0.297), being the majority of
them well apposed (117/126 and 21/23, respectively,
p = 0.292). Only 9 (0.6 %) struts in the DES and 2 (0.4 %)
struts in the BMS groups were simultaneously uncovered
associated with lower rates of in-stent obstruction, and
similar percentage of neointimal coverage on struts and of
Assuntos
Angiografia Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Stents Farmacológicos , Tomografia Óptica , Ultrassonografia de IntervençãoRESUMO
Introdução: A reestenose coronária é um fenômeno pouco compreendidoe que permanece como um desafio mesmo na era dos stents farmacológicos. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar genes envolvidos na síntese de proteínas estruturais e funcionais de células musculares lisas com expressão aumentada em placas ateromatosas de humanos associadosa hiperplasia neointimal após o implante de stents não-farmacológicos. Métodos: Placas ateromatosas foram obtidasmediante aterectomia direcionada, previamente ao implante do stent. A análise da expressão dos genes foi realizada utilizando-se o sistema Affymetrix GeneChip. Os pacientes foramsubmetidos a ultrassom intracoronário 6 meses após o procedimento para análise volumétrica intrastent. Foi avaliada a correlação entre a expressão gênica de placas ateromatosas e o porcentual de hiperplasia intimal intrastent. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino (85,7%), com60,2 ± 11,4 anos de idade, 35,7% eram diabéticos e o porcentual de hiperplasia intimal intrastent foi de 29,9 ± 18,7%.Não houve variação do porcentual de hiperplasia intimal intrastent entre os pacientes com ou sem diabetes (29,5% vs. 30,7%; P = 0,89). Não houve correlação entre a extensão do stent e o porcentual de hiperplasia intimal intrastent (r = -0,26; P = 0,26) ou entre o diâmetro do stent e o porcentual dehiperplasia intimal intrastent (r = 0,14; P = 0,56). Oito genes envolvidos na síntese de proteínas estruturais e funcionais de células musculares lisas apresentaram correlação positiva como porcentual de hiperplasia intimal intrastent. Conclusões: As lesões coronárias de novo apresentam expressão aumentada de genes relacionados com a síntese de proteínas estruturais e funcionais de células musculares lisas associados a futurahiperplasia neointimal intrastent significativa, surgindo como novos alvos terapêuticos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aterectomia Coronária/métodos , Aterectomia Coronária , Expressão Gênica , Reestenose Coronária/complicações , Stents Farmacológicos , Stents , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
This repot reviews the angiographic and intravascular (IVUS) assessment of coronary bifurcation lesions. Overall, bifurcation lesion anatomy and morphology is critical for technical decision making, and a key factor for successful bifurcation PCI. Optimal viewing is essential for proper angiographic assessment, especially for evaluation of the degree of SB involvement. Current classifications based on the presence or absence of significant angiographic stenosis within the three segments of the bifurcation anatomy may not provide sufficient anatomic and morphologic information to guide technical decision making. Dedicated 2D bifurcation quantitative coronary angiography with segmental analysis of the bifurcation provides greater accuracy for quantification of the degree of stenosis in the PV and especially the SB ostium. IVUS assessment at preprocedure provides valuable information regarding vessel size, and plaque morphology and distribution (particularly in relation to the SB ostium) that may help select treatment strategy. At postprocedure, IVUS imaging evaluates stent apposition within the stented segment(s) and the appropriateness of stent expansion particularly at the SB ostium, what may impact long-term outcomes.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/efeitos adversos , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/instrumentação , Angiografia Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Humanos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Stents , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Nests of Synoeca septentrionalis were collected in two Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest localities (Itabuna and Santa Terezinha, in the state of Bahia and Alfredo Chaves in the state of Espírito Santo). Synoeca septentrionalis was previously recorded only from Central America and northwestern South America. This findingextends its geographical distribution to Northeast and Southeast regions of Brazil, and represents the first record for Synoeca septentrionalis in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain forest, raising to three the number of Synoeca species known from Bahia State.
RESUMO
This repot reviews the angiographic andintravascular (IVUS) assessment of coronary bifurcation lesions. Overall, bifurcation lesion anatomy andmorphology is critical for technical decision making, and a key factor for successful bifurcation PCI. Optimal viewing is essential for proper angiographic assessment, especially for evaluation of the degree of SB involvement. Current classifications based on the presence or absence of significant angiographic stenosiswithin the three segments of the bifurcation anatomy may not provide sufficient anatomic and morphologic information to guide technical decisionmaking. Dedicated 2D bifurcation quantitative coronary angiography with segmental analysis of the bifurcation provides greater accuracy for quantification of the degree of stenosis in the PV and especially the SB ostium. IVUS assessment at preprocedureprovides valuable information regarding vessel size, and plaque morphology and distribution (particularly in relation to the SB ostium) that may help selecttreatment strategy. At postprocedure, IVUS imaging evaluates stent apposition within the stented segment( s) and the appropriateness of stent expansionparticularly at the SB ostium, what may impact longterm outcomes.
Assuntos
Angiografia , Ultrassonografia de IntervençãoRESUMO
An occupied nest of Epipona media Cooper was discovered and collected in a cabruca (cocoa plantation with native tree cover). This is the first record of E. media from Bahia State. We described the nest structure and compared the adults with the closely related species Epipona tatua Cuvier.
Assuntos
Animais , Vespas , Migração Animal , Brasil , Comportamento de Nidação , ÁrvoresRESUMO
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel imaging technology based on low-coherence interferometry that uses scattering of near-infrared light as a signal source to provide vascular cross-sectional imaging with definition far superior to any other available modality. With spatial resolution of up to 10 microm, OCT provides 20-fold higher resolution than intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), currently the most used modality for intra-coronary imaging. OCT has the capacity to provide invaluable insight into the various phases of atherosclerotic disease and vascular response to therapeutics. Studies have shown the ability of OCT to detect arterial structures and assist in the determination of different histological constituents. Its capacity to distinguish different grades of atherosclerotic changes and the various types of plaques, as compared to histology, has recently been demonstrated with acceptable intra-observer and inter-observer correlations for these findings. OCT provides unrivaled real-time in vivo endovascular resolution, which has been exploited to assess the vascular structures and response to device deployment. While depth remains a limitation for OCT plaque characterization beyond 2-mm, near-histological resolution can be achieved within the first millimeter of the vessel wall allowing unique assessment of fibrous cap characteristics and thickness. In addition, assessment of neointimal coverage, para-strut tissue patterns and stent apposition can now be scrutinized for individual struts on the micron scale, the so-called strut-level analysis. OCT has propelled intravascular imaging into micron-level in vivo vascular analysis and is expected to soon become a valuable and indispensable tool for the cardiologists on both clinical and research applications.