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Astrocytes have key regulatory roles in central nervous system (CNS), integrating metabolic, inflammatory and synaptic responses. In this regard, type I interferon (IFN) receptor signaling in astrocytes can regulate synaptic plasticity. Simvastatin is a cholesterol-lowering drug that has shown anti-inflammatory properties, but its effects on astrocytes, a main source of cholesterol for neurons, remain to be elucidated. Herein, we investigated the effects of simvastatin in inflammatory and functional parameters of primary cortical and hypothalamic astrocyte cultures obtained from IFNα/ß receptor knockout (IFNα/ßR-/-) mice. Overall, simvastatin decreased extracellular levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), which were related to a downregulation in gene expression in hypothalamic, but not in cortical astrocytes. Moreover, there was an increase in anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) in both structures. Effects of simvastatin in inflammatory signaling also involved a downregulation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) gene expression as well as an upregulation of nuclear factor κB subunit p65 (NFκB p65). The expression of cytoprotective genes sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and nuclear factor erythroid derived 2 like 2 (Nrf2) was also increased by simvastatin. In addition, simvastatin increased glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels only in cortical astrocytes. Our findings provide evidence that astrocytes from different regions are important cellular targets of simvastatin in the CNS, even in the absence of IFNα/ßR, which was showed by the modulation of cytokine production and release, as well as the expression of cytoprotective genes and functional parameters.
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Astrócitos , Sinvastatina , Camundongos , Animais , Astrócitos/metabolismo , Sinvastatina/farmacologia , Camundongos Knockout , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Interferon-alfa/metabolismo , Interferon-alfa/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Colesterol/metabolismo , Células CultivadasRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The Brazilian Air Force (BAF) personnel must be prepared to perform their professional activities under the worst conditions. This preparation goes beyond habits of practicing physical activity, since it is necessary to perform specific physical tasks, referred to as "combat tasks" (CTs). This study aimed to investigate a combination of specific physical tests (SPTs) for predicting physical performance on simulated tasks (STs) that mimicked the performance of CTs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty infantry cadets from the BAF took part in anthropometric assessments, 11 SPTs, and 3 STs, during 7 testing days. Bivariate Pearson's correlation was used to determine linear relationships between SPT and ST results, and multiple linear regression models were used to identify test batteries that significantly predicted performance on STs. The level of significance was set at 5%. The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the BAF (protocol code 15796819.4.0000.5250, date of approval September 25, 2019). RESULTS: The greatest predictive power was obtained by the test battery that consisted of sprint-drag-carry, leg tucks, and handgrip strength (R2 = 0.56, P < .01). Conversely, the test battery comprised of push-ups, sit-ups, and 12-minute run (which represents the conventional physical test of the BAF), which presented the lowest predictive power (R2 = 0.14, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this study identified a test battery for predicting performance on the following STs: foot march, casualty drag, and move under direct fire. This finding represents the first step to improve the reliability of the BAF physical assessments, focusing on combat readiness levels.
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Militares , Aptidão Física , Humanos , Teste de Esforço/métodos , Força da Mão , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , BrasilRESUMO
In this retrospective study, the clinical and anatomopathological findings of fungal diseases in dogs and cats in Northeastern Brazil are described. During the study period, 6,827 histopathological examinations (4,090 necropsies and 2,737 biopsies) of companion animals were reviewed, and fungal infections were diagnosed in 54 cases. Of these, 32 cases were diagnosed in cats and 22 in dogs. Sporotrichosis was the most prevalent mycosis (19/54), followed by dermatophytosis (9/54), cryptococcosis (8/54), candidiasis (7/54), and phaeohyphomycosis (4/54). Other diseases had two cases each, including aspergillosis, mucormycosis, and histoplasmosis, whereas coccidioidomycosis occurred once. Mycoses were diagnosed through microscopic lesions associated with the histomorphological characteristics of the agent, as evidenced by routine and special histochemical stains. They were occasionally confirmed by immunohistochemistry and microbiological cultivation. This retrospective study showed that despite being uncommon, fungal diseases are important causes of death in dogs and cats in the region, with cats being the most affected species and sporotrichosis being the most prevalent mycosis. Clinical signs were correlated with the portal of entry of the infection associated with localized or disseminated superficial and deep skin lesions or affecting parenchymal organs, especially in systemic infections. Microscopic lesions were mainly characterized by pyogranulomatous inflammation associated with fungal structures. In dogs, mycoses occurred mainly owing to an immunological impairment secondary to canine distemper virus co-infection.
Neste estudo retrospectivo, são descritos os achados clínicos e anatomopatológicos das doenças fúngicas em cães e gatos no Nordeste do Brasil. Durante o período de estudo, foram revisados 6.827 exames histopatológicos (4.090 necropsias e 2.737 biópsias) de animais de companhia e diagnosticados 54 casos de infecções fúngicas. Destes, 32 casos foram diagnosticados em gatos e 22 em cães. A esporotricose foi a micose mais prevalente (19/54), seguida pela dermatofitose (9/54), criptococose (8/54), candidíase (7/54) e feo-hifomicose (4/54). Outras doenças tiveram dois casos cada, incluindo aspergilose, mucormicose e histoplasmose, enquanto a coccidioidomicose ocorreu uma vez. As micoses foram diagnosticadas por meio das lesões microscópicas associadas às características histomorfológicas do agente, evidenciadas pelas colorações de rotina e histoquímicas especiais, e ocasionalmente confirmadas pela imuno-histoquímica e cultivo microbiológico. Esse estudo retrospectivo demonstrou que apesar de incomuns, as doenças fúngicas são importantes causas de morte em cães e gatos da região, sendo os gatos a espécie mais afetada e a esporotricose, a micose mais prevalente. Os sinais clínicos estavam correlacionados com a porta de entrada da infecção, associados a lesões cutâneas localizadas ou disseminadas superficiais e profundas ou afetando órgãos parenquimatosos, especialmente em infecções sistêmicas. As lesões microscópicas eram caracterizadas principalmente por inflamação piogranulomatosa associada a estruturas fúngicas. Nos cães, as micoses ocorreram principalmente devido ao comprometimento imunológico secundária a coinfecção pelo vírus da cinomose canina.
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Animais , Gatos , Cães , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Micoses/patologia , Micoses/veterinária , Micoses/epidemiologia , Aspergilose/veterinária , Esporotricose/veterinária , Tinha/veterinária , Brasil/epidemiologia , Candidíase/veterinária , Gatos/microbiologia , Coccidioidomicose/veterinária , Criptococose/veterinária , Cães/microbiologia , Feoifomicose/veterinária , Histoplasmose/veterinária , Mucormicose/veterináriaRESUMO
Worldwide, forests are susceptible to fire. Forests with fire and selective logging interactions require monitoring and evaluation. This study evaluated the phytosociology and dynamics of tree vegetation in a disturbed forest (DF) and an undisturbed forest (UF) in selective logging areas affected by fire, in the Brazilian East Amazon. All trees with DBH ≥ 5 cm were measured and identified botanically in 93 plots (5 X 50 m) in the DF area and 58 plots (5 X 50 m) in the UF area, in 2010 (before logging), 2011, 2015 and 2017 (two years after the fire). Analysis of species and tree composition, diversity, similarity, mortality and recruitment were carried out. The fire affected the DF and UF areas in a similar proportion in terms of trees loss and basal area, intensifying the mortality rate. In the short term (2 years), the fire did not cause a significant reduction in species diversity, but there was a tendency towards a similarity loss in species composition in the area disturbed by logging. Subsequent assessments are necessary to understand the forest's recovery mechanisms.
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Incêndios , Árvores , Florestas , BrasilRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The World Health Organization has recommended social isolation to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. Thus, feelings of loneliness, sedentary behavior, and predisposition to falls have been reported more often due to the adoption of social isolation, especially for older adults. The objective of this study was to compare older adults' loneliness, sedentary behavior, and occurrence of falls before and during social isolation due to the pandemic as well as to analyze the association of loneliness with sedentary lifestyle and falls in older adults. METHOD: Retrospective analytical study conducted through an online survey with older adults from Brazilian states in social isolation, approved by the Research Ethics Committee (number 32168920.0.0000.0068). RESULTS: There was a significant increase in loneliness and sedentary behavior during social isolation (p-value < 0.05 for both), but no increase was observed for falls (p-value = 0.615). There was no correlation between the outcomes, nor was there a correlation between the outcomes and the number of days in social isolation. CONCLUSION: The results of this research show that adoption of social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic brought an increase in sedentary behavior and loneliness for older adults but had no effect on the number of falls.
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COVID-19 , Solidão , Acidentes por Quedas , Idoso , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Humanos , Pandemias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Comportamento Sedentário , Isolamento SocialRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To investigate whether an exercise intervention using the VIVIFRAIL© protocol has benefits for inflammatory and functional parameters in different frailty status. METHODS/DESIGN: This is a randomized clinical trial in an outpatient geriatrics clinic including older adults ≥60 years. For each frailty state (frail, pre-frail and robust), forty-four volunteers will be randomly allocated to the control group (n = 22) and the intervention group (n = 22) for 12 weeks. In the control group, participants will have meetings of health education while those in the intervention group will be part of a multicomponent exercise program (VIVIFRAIL©) performed five times a week (two times supervised and 3 times of home-based exercises). The primary outcome is a change in the inflammatory profile (a reduction in inflammatory interleukins [IL-6, TNF- α, IL1beta, IL-17, IL-22, CXCL-8, and IL-27] or an increase in anti-inflammatory mediators [IL-10, IL1RA, IL-4]). Secondary outcomes are change in physical performance using the Short Physical Performance Battery, handgrip strength, fatigue, gait speed, dual-task gait speed, depressive symptoms, FRAIL-BR and SARC-F scores, and quality of life at the 12-week period of intervention and after 3 months of follow-up. DISCUSSION: We expect a reduction in inflammatory interleukins or an increase in anti-inflammatory mediators in those who performed the VIVIFRAIL© protocol. The results of the study will imply in a better knowledge about the effect of a low-cost intervention that could be easily replicated in outpatient care for the prevention and treatment of frailty, especially regarding the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways involved in its pathophysiology. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-9n5jbw; 01/24/2020). Registred January 2020. http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-9n5jbw/ .
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Fragilidade , Idoso , Brasil , Terapia por Exercício , Idoso Fragilizado , Fragilidade/diagnóstico , Fragilidade/terapia , Força da Mão , Humanos , Desempenho Físico Funcional , Qualidade de Vida , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate whether frailty could be an explanatory factor of the association between depression and the number of geriatric syndromes. METHODS: Cross-sectional baseline data from a cohort study (MiMiCS-FRAIL) were analyzed in a sample of 315 older adults. Depression was measured according to DSM-5 criteria and a self-report questionnaire (PHQ-9). Frailty was assessed according to the FRAIL questionnaire and a 30-item Frailty Index (FI). We considered six geriatric syndromes. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed and adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Multiple linear regression analyses yielded significant associations between depression and geriatric syndromes. These associations decreased substantially in strength when frailty was added to the models. Findings were consistent for different definitions of depression and frailty. CONCLUSIONS: Among depressed patients, frailty may be hypothesized as a causal pathway toward adverse health outcomes associated with depression. Longitudinal studies should explore the causality of this association. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Frailty should be treated or prevented in order to minimize the impact of other geriatric syndromes among depressed older adults. Screening for frailty would be of utmost importance in mental health care, as frailty is neglected especially in this field. Integrated care models are crucial for clinical practice in mental illness care.
Assuntos
Fragilidade , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/complicações , Depressão/epidemiologia , Idoso Fragilizado , Fragilidade/complicações , Fragilidade/epidemiologia , Avaliação Geriátrica , Humanos , SíndromeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To explore the mutual relationship between multimorbidity, mental illness and frailty, we have set-up the Multimorbidity and Mental health Cohort Study in FRAILty and Aging (MiMiCS-FRAIL) cohort. At the population level, multimorbidity, frailty and late-life depression are associated with similar adverse outcomes (i.e. falls, disability, hospitalization, death), share the same risk factors, and partly overlap in their clinical presentation. Moreover, these three variables may share a common underlying pathophysiological mechanism like immune-metabolic dysregulation. The overall objectives of MiMiCS-FRAIL are 1) to explore (determinants of) the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between multimorbidity, depression, and frailty among non-demented geriatric outpatients; 2) to evaluate molecular levels of senoinflammation as a broad pathophysiological process underlying these conditions; and 3) to examine adverse outcomes of multimorbidity, frailty and depression and their interconnectedness. METHODS: MiMiCS-FRAIL is an ongoing observational cohort study of geriatric outpatients in Brazil, with an extensive baseline assessment and yearly follow-up assessments. Each assessment includes a comprehensive geriatric assessment to identify multimorbidity and geriatric syndromes, a structured psychiatric diagnostic interview and administration of the PHQ-9 to measure depression, and several frailty measures (FRAIL, Physical Phenotype criteria, 36-item Frailty Index). Fasten blood samples are collected at baseline to assess circulating inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, leukocytes' subpopulations, and to perform immune-metabolic-paired miRome analyses. The primary outcome is death and secondary outcomes are the number of falls, hospital admissions, functional ability, well-being, and dementia. Assuming a 5-year mortality rate between 25 and 40% and a hazard rate varying between 1.6 and 2.3 for the primary determinants require a sample size between 136 and 711 patients to detect a statistically significant effect with a power of 80% (beta = 0.2), an alpha of 5% (0.05), and an R2 between the predictor (death) and all covariates of 0.20. Local ethical board approved this study. DISCUSSION: Frailty might be hypothesized as a final common pathway by which many clinical conditions like depression and chronic diseases (multimorbidity) culminate in many adverse effects. The MiMiCS-FRAIL cohort will help us to understand the interrelationship between these variables, from a clinical perspective as well as their underlying molecular signature.
Assuntos
Fragilidade , Idoso , Envelhecimento , Brasil , Estudos de Coortes , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Idoso Fragilizado , Fragilidade/epidemiologia , Avaliação Geriátrica , Humanos , Saúde Mental , MultimorbidadeRESUMO
Fungi of the genus Trichoderma are important microorganisms used in biocontrol processes and the promotion of plant development. However, they remain poorly studied in the context of forestry programs, especially those related to native Amazonian species. Thus, it is the aim of this study to evaluate the effects of different Trichoderma isolates on the germination and development of Handroanthus serratifolius seedlings. During in vitro germination tests, seeds were immersed for 24 h in respective fungal suspensions each prepared using one of five Trichoderma isolates. The suspensions were held in plastic trays and kept at a temperature of 24 ± 2 °C. Metrics related to germination and development assessed under laboratory conditions include: germination speed index (GSI), germination percentage, length of the roots, and hypocotyls, as well as fungal perseverance. In the nursery, Trichoderma were used in two different applications: pre-planting treatment and as a monthly, post-planting treatment. Pre-planting treatments consisted of 10 g of colonized rice grains bearing each isolate being placed into experimental bags five days before seeding. The post-planting treatment involved the application of 10 mL of fungal suspension per experimental bag. Each month, the height, stem diameter, and leaf number were measured for each seedling. At the end of the experiment, the length and mass of roots as well as the total dry mass were recorded. In laboratory conditions, seeds treated with Trichoderma asperellum -TAM03 obtained the greatest fractional germination (76.5%) and GSI. In the nursery experiments, isolates TAM01 and TAM03, when applied as a post-planting treatment, increased the height, stem diameter, and number of leaves of treated plants with respect to the control group by 180 days post-treatment. After 365 days, plants which received TAM01 pre-planting treatments were observed to have increased root and aerial part length, as well as root mass and overall dry mass. These results suggest that T. asperellum -TAM01 positively affects H. serratifolius development.
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Many tropical freshwater ecosystems are impacted by cyanobacteria blooms increasing the risk of cyanotoxins exposure to aquatic organisms while human populations may be exposed by eating fish, drinking water, or dermal swimming. However, few toxicological data are available on the influence of cyanobacteria blooms in particular, cylindrospermopsin (CYN) on Brazilian neotropical fish. A number of studies demonstrated the ability of CYN to bioaccumulate in freshwater organisms and consequently enter the human food chain. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of CYN following single intraperitoneal injection (50 µg/kg) of purified CYN (CYNp) or aqueous extract of CYN-producing cyanobacteria extract (CYNex) after 7 or 14 days. Biomarkers such as histopathology (liver), oxidative stress (liver and brain), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity (muscle and brain) were utilized in order to assess the influence of CYN on Hoplias malabaricus. In terms of AChE activity, administration of CYNex and CYNp both muscle and brains were used as target tissues. In brain an increase of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels was noted suggesting an imbalance in redox cycling. The majority of biomarkers did not present significant alterations in liver, but an elevation in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activities was found. Different profiles of GST activity were observed in both studied groups (CYNex and CYNp) while LPO (CYNex and CYNp) and protein carbonylation (PCO) (CYNp) levels increased after exposure to CYN. The incidence of necrosis, melanomacrophages centers, and free melanomacrophages were detected as evidence of cell death and immune responses. Nonprotein thiols (NPT) levels were not markedly affected in both exposed groups. Data demonstrated that in vivo exposure to CYN produced biochemical and morphological disturbances in liver and brain of H. malabaricus.
Assuntos
Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Toxinas Bacterianas/efeitos adversos , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Caraciformes/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculos/efeitos dos fármacos , Uracila/análogos & derivados , Alcaloides , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Toxinas de Cianobactérias , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Músculos/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Fatores de Tempo , Uracila/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease of women (female-to-male ratio 4:1), and is associated with cardiac and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Herein, the activation of a new estrogen receptor (GPER) by the agonist G1 was evaluated in oophorectomized rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH. Depletion of estrogen was induced by bilateral oophorectomy (OVX) in Wistar rats. Experimental groups included SHAM or OVX rats that received a single intraperitoneal injection of MCT (60 mg/kg) for PH induction. Animals received s.c. injection of either vehicle or G1, a GPER agonist, (400 µg/kg/day) for 14 days after the onset of disease. Rats with PH exhibited exercise intolerance and cardiopulmonary alterations, including reduced pulmonary artery flow, biventricular remodeling, and left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction. The magnitude of these PH-induced changes was significantly greater in OVX versus SHAM rats. G1 treatment reversed both cardiac and skeletal muscle functional aberrations caused by PH in OVX rats. G1 reversed PH-related cardiopulmonary dysfunction and exercise intolerance in female rats, a finding that may have important implications for the ongoing clinical evaluation of new drugs for the treatment of the disease in females after the loss of endogenous estrogens.
Assuntos
Cardiotônicos , Estrogênios , Tolerância ao Exercício/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Disfunção Ventricular/prevenção & controle , Animais , Cardiotônicos/metabolismo , Cardiotônicos/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Estrogênios/metabolismo , Estrogênios/farmacologia , Feminino , Hipertensão Pulmonar/etiologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/metabolismo , Hipertensão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Monocrotalina/farmacologia , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Ovariectomia/métodos , Artéria Pulmonar/metabolismo , Artéria Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Ratos , Disfunção Ventricular/metabolismo , Disfunção Ventricular/fisiopatologia , Remodelação Ventricular/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a cultura de segurança do paciente das equipes de enfermagem no contexto hospitalar. Método: sob o ponto de vista da enfermagem foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, tipo survey, transversal. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre junho e julho de 2013. Foi utilizado o questionário Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, respondido por 437 profissionais da equipe de enfermagem, com taxa de resposta de 100%. Resultados: entre as doze dimensões avaliadas, apenas seis apresentaram taxas de respostas positivas maiores que 50%, sendo frequência de relato de eventos (61,4%), aprendizado organizacional - melhoria contínua (60,5%), respostas não punitivas aos erros (58%), trabalho em equipe dentro da unidade (57,1%), passagem de plantão/turnos e transferências (53,1%) e retorno da informação e comunicação sobre erro (51,8%). Conclusão: para o alcance de cultura de segurança positiva são necessárias ações de melhoria que envolvam a gestão e as chefias no que se refere: percepção geral da segurança; expectativas sobre o supervisor/chefe e ações promotoras da segurança; abertura da comunicação; apoio da gestão hospitalar para a segurança do paciente e trabalho em equipe entre as unidades.
RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la cultura de seguridad del paciente de los equipos de enfermería en el contexto hospitalario. Método: bajo el punto de vista de la enfermería fue realizado un estudio cuantitativo, tipo survey y transversal. La obtención de datos se realizó entre Junio y Julio del 2013. Se usó el cuestionario Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture que respondido por 437 profesionales del equipo de enfermería y con una taza de respuesta del 100%. Resultados: entre las doce dimensiones evaluadas apenas seis presentaron tazas de respuestas positivas mayores al 50%, siendo ellas la frecuencia del relato de eventos (61,4%), aprendizaje organizacional - mejora continua (60,5%), respuestas no punitivas a los errores (58%), trabajo en equipo dentro de la unidad (57,1%), pasaje de guardia/turnos y transferencias (53,1%) y proporcionar la información y comunicación sobre el error (51,8%). Conclusión: para llegar a la cultura de seguridad positiva son necesarias acciones de mejoramiento que incluyan la gestión y las jefaturas en lo que se refiere a la percepción general de la seguridad, expectativas sobre el supervisor/jefe y las acciones promotoras de la seguridad, abertura de la comunicación, apoyo de la gestión hospitalaria para la seguridad del paciente y el trabajo en equipo entre las unidades.
ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the patient safety culture of nursing teams in the hospital context. Method: from a nursing point of view, a cross-sectional quantitative study, of the survey type, was performed. The data collection occurred between June and July 2013. The questionnaire Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture was used, answered by 437 professionals of the nursing team, with a response rate of 100%. Results: among the twelve dimensions evaluated, only six had positive response rates greater than 50%, being the frequency of event reporting (61.4%), organizational learning - continuous improvement (60.5%), non-punitive responses to errors (58%), teamwork within the unit (57.1%), shift/orderly and transfers (53.1%), and feedback of information and communication about error (51.8%). Conclusion: in order to reach a positive safety culture, improvement actions involving management and leadership are required: general perception of safety; expectations about the supervisor/boss and actions that promote safety; the opening of communication; support of hospital management for patient safety and teamwork between units.
Assuntos
Humanos , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Serviços Técnicos Hospitalares , Enfermagem , Segurança do PacienteRESUMO
AIMS: To investigate the perceptions of subjects regarding nonsurgical periodontal treatment over a period of 1 year. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This is a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, in a longitudinal observational design. METHODS: Nineteen subjects (47.24 ± 6.47 years) with moderate to severe periodontitis completed a questionnaire at two different times after a nonsurgical periodontal treatment: 30 (T1) and 390 days (T2). The questionnaire with 40 items was divided into three domains: 1-perception of changes in clinical signs of periodontal disease, 2-psychological aspects of the subject regarding their oral health status, and 3-satisfaction with the treatment. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Each response on the Likert scale initially showed scores ranging from 1 to 5 points. The results for each question were dichotomized into 1 or 0, respectively, showing if the subject was favorable or unfavorable to treatment. A descriptive data analysis was performed, assessing the agreement of the results in T1 and T2 (Kappa). RESULTS: The results generally showed a favorable perception related to the treatment and continued satisfaction over time. The exceptions were in regards to gingival recession, persistent bleeding and bad breath, and difficulty in performing the mechanical control imposed by the professional. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the therapy used was satisfactory to the subjects and that a favorable perception was maintained after 1 year of follow-up.
Assuntos
Satisfação do Paciente , Periodontite/psicologia , Periodontite/terapia , Qualidade de Vida , Autoimagem , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate, in vitro, the tensile bond strength to dentin of Scotchbond Universal (SU), All-Bond Universal (AU) and One Coat 7 Universal (OC7) adhesives applied in self-etch mode, after 24 h of storage and after 500,000 loading cycles, using Clearfil SE Bond (SE) as a control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The adhesives were applied on the dentin of bovine teeth, followed by the application of a composite resin. Thirty specimens were obtained for each adhesive. Half of the specimens were submitted to cyclic loading for 500,000 cycles. All specimens were submitted to a tensile bond strength test in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. RESULTS: According to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=5%), the interaction between the adhesive and cyclic loading factors was significant (p=0.001). The means followed by the same letter represent no significant difference in the bond strength (MPa) after 24 h: OC7=7.86A (±2.90), SU=6.78AB (±2.03), AU=5.61BC (±2.32), and SE=3.53C (±1.89). After cyclic loading, SE, SU and AU maintained bond strength comparable to 24 h period. There was a significant decrease only for OC7. CONCLUSION: SU, AU and OC7 had bond strength to dentin comparable to that of SE. Only OC7 had decreased bond strength to dentin after cyclic loading.
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BACKGROUND: Diastolic dysfunction develops in response to hypertension and estrogen (E2) loss and is a forerunner to heart failure (HF) in women. The cardiac renin-angiotensin system (RAS) contributes to diastolic dysfunction, but its role with respect to E2 and blood pressure remain unclear. METHODS: We compared the effects of ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery on the cardiac RAS, left ventricular (LV) structure/function, and systemic/intracardiac pressures of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs: n = 6 intact and 6 OVX) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY: n = 5 intact and 4 OVX) controls. RESULTS: WKY rats were more sensitive to OVX than SHRs with respect to worsening of diastolic function, as reflected by increases in Doppler-derived filling pressures (E/e') and reductions in myocardial relaxation (e'). This pathobiologic response in WKY rats was directly linked to increases in cardiac gene expression and enzymatic activity of chymase and modest reductions in ACE2 activity. No overt changes in cardiac RAS genes or activities were observed in SHRs, but diastolic function was inversely related to ACE2 activity. CONCLUSION: Endogenous estrogens exert a more significant regulatory role upon biochemical components of the cardiac RAS of WKY versus SHRs, modulating the lusitropic and structural components of its normotensive phenotype.
Assuntos
Cardiotônicos/farmacologia , Quimases/metabolismo , Estrogênios/farmacologia , Miocárdio/enzimologia , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/metabolismo , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2 , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Cálcio/metabolismo , Colágeno/metabolismo , Diástole/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovariectomia , Proto-Oncogene Mas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Ratos Endogâmicos WKY , Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrogênio/genética , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacos , Função Ventricular Esquerda/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This work evaluated the hypothesis that 3,4-methylenedioxybenzoyl-2-thienylhydrazone (LASSBio-294), an agonist of adenosine A2A receptor, could be beneficial for preventing cardiac dysfunction due to hypertension associated with myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly divided into four groups (six animals per group): sham-operation (SHR-Sham), and myocardial infarction rats (SHR-MI) were treated orally either with vehicle or LASSBio-294 (10 and 20 mg.kg-1.d-1) for 4 weeks. Echocardiography and in vivo hemodynamic parameters measured left ventricle (LV) structure and function. Exercise tolerance was evaluated using a treadmill test. Cardiac remodeling was accessed by LV collagen deposition and tumor necrosis factor α expression. RESULTS: Early mitral inflow velocity was significantly reduced in the SHR-MI group, and there was significant recovery in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with LASSBio-294. Exercise intolerance observed in the SHR-MI group was prevented by 10 mg.kg-1.d-1 of LASS-Bio-294, and exercise tolerance exceeded that of the SHR-Sham group at 20 mg.kg-1.d-1. LV end-diastolic pressure increased after MI, and this was prevented by 10 and 20 mg.kg-1.d-1 of LASSBio-294. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase levels were restored in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with LASSBio-294. Fibrosis and inflammatory processes were also counteracted by LASSBio-294, with reductions in LV collagen deposition and tumor necrosis factor α expression. CONCLUSION: In summary, oral administration of LASSBio-294 after MI in a dose-dependent manner prevented the development of cardiac dysfunction, demonstrating this compound's potential as an alternative treatment for heart failure in the setting of ischemic heart disease with superimposed chronic hypertension.
Assuntos
Agonistas do Receptor A2 de Adenosina/uso terapêutico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Insuficiência Cardíaca/prevenção & controle , Hidrazonas/uso terapêutico , Infarto do Miocárdio/complicações , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologia , Tiofenos/uso terapêutico , Agonistas do Receptor A2 de Adenosina/administração & dosagem , Administração Oral , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Hidrazonas/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Infarto do Miocárdio/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Tiofenos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
A six year old bitch had ulcerated, friable, easily bleeding masses similar to cauli flower in submucosa in the dorsum-posterior region of the vagina at the junction with the vestibule. The lesion was submitted to cytopathological examination by imprint and vaginal TVT was diagnosed. After twenty days the animal returned to the Medical Clinic with lesions on the skin and in the eyeball, again the lesions were submitted to cytopathological examination by fine needle aspiration (FNA) and scraping of the conjunctiva by Swab, where the definitive diagnosis was TVT, the microscopic characteristic of the three lesions were similar. The treatment was performed with vincristine sulfate; from the second application there was tumor regression and progressive clinical improvement.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Tumores Venéreos Veterinários/diagnóstico , Mucosa , Neoplasias Vaginais/veterinária , Metástase Neoplásica , Técnicas Citológicas/veterináriaRESUMO
A 13 year old female dog with a history of being bitten by Crotalus snake was attended atthe Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande - Patos PBapproximately 24 hours after being bitten. Hematological, biochemical, electrolytic,hemogasometric and urinary parameters were evaluated in the animal. No significantchanges were observed in hematological analysis, only mild leukocytosis and decreasedplatelets. In the biochemical analysis a severe increase of AST, CK and LDH enzymes wasobserved, indicating severe muscle damage. The electrolytes K+and Na+ were normal,while Ca+and Clincreased.Metabolic acidosis was observed in the hemogasometricanalysis. Most of the parameters evaluated in urinalysis were altered. The ophidianaccident in the case in question had a relevant ability to change the parameters evaluated.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Crotalus , Mordeduras de Serpentes/diagnóstico , Mordeduras de Serpentes/veterinária , Cetose/veterinária , Venenos de SerpentesRESUMO
A 13 year old female dog with a history of being bitten by Crotalus snake was attended atthe Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande - Patos PBapproximately 24 hours after being bitten. Hematological, biochemical, electrolytic,hemogasometric and urinary parameters were evaluated in the animal. No significantchanges were observed in hematological analysis, only mild leukocytosis and decreasedplatelets. In the biochemical analysis a severe increase of AST, CK and LDH enzymes wasobserved, indicating severe muscle damage. The electrolytes K+and Na+ were normal,while Ca+and Clincreased.Metabolic acidosis was observed in the hemogasometricanalysis. Most of the parameters evaluated in urinalysis were altered. The ophidianaccident in the case in question had a relevant ability to change the parameters evaluated.
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Cães , Crotalus , Mordeduras de Serpentes/diagnóstico , Mordeduras de Serpentes/veterinária , Cetose/veterinária , Venenos de SerpentesRESUMO
A six year old bitch had ulcerated, friable, easily bleeding masses similar to cauli flower in submucosa in the dorsum-posterior region of the vagina at the junction with the vestibule. The lesion was submitted to cytopathological examination by imprint and vaginal TVT was diagnosed. After twenty days the animal returned to the Medical Clinic with lesions on the skin and in the eyeball, again the lesions were submitted to cytopathological examination by fine needle aspiration (FNA) and scraping of the conjunctiva by Swab, where the definitive diagnosis was TVT, the microscopic characteristic of the three lesions were similar. The treatment was performed with vincristine sulfate; from the second application there was tumor regression and progressive clinical improvement.