RESUMO
Aims: To compare the performance of children with mild and moderate-to-severe cerebral palsy (CP) on the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), and on center-of-pressure variables; to establish the discriminant ability of these tools to predict severity of motor impairment in CP; and to investigate the criterion validity of the TIS. Methods: Children with mild (n = 18, 11 males, 7 females, mean age = 9.5 ± 2.9 years, Gross Motor Function Classification System I-II) and moderate-to-severe (n = 18, 11 males, 7 females, mean age = 9.2 ± 229, Gross Motor Function Classification System III-IV) CP were tested using the TIS and the GMFM, and during static sitting on force-plate. Results: Children with mild CP showed better trunk (median; 95% confidence interval = 22.5; 21.29-22.59 vs. 13; 11.97-14.8; p < 0.001) and gross motor (60; 57.73-59.3 vs. 40; 38.96-46.25; p < 0.001) scores, and better postural control (lower center of pressure (CoP) displacement [anterior-posterior: (0.42; 0.32-1.11 vs. 0.89; 0.70-1.65; p = 0.022); medial-lateral: (0.42; 0.31-1.08 vs. 0.91; 0.65-1.17; p = 0.044)], and lower area of sway, (0.05; -0.15-0.97 vs. 0.44; 0.23-0.90; p = 0.008) than the moderate-to-severe group. Trunk control and gross motor function explained 81.5% of the variance in the severity of motor condition. Correlations between the TIS and the GMFM were excellent (ρ = 0.944, p < 0.001); correlations between the TIS and CoP variables were low (anterior-posterior displacement: ρ = -0.411, p < 0.05; medial-lateral displacement: ρ = -0.327, p < 0.05); area of sway: ρ = -0.430, p < 0.05; velocity of sway: ρ = -0.308, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The TIS is able to differentiate levels of trunk control across various levels of motor impairments in CP. It is a valid tool to assess trunk control, showing very high concurrent validity with the GMFM sitting dimension. Implications for Rehabilitation Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) can be used by rehabilitation professionals to differentiate levels of trunk control across levels of motor impairment. TIS showed concurrent validity with Gross Motor Function Measure and should be used to assess trunk control in children with cerebral palsy (CP) in clinical settings. The use of TIS allows a reliable assessment of postural control in children with CP in clinical settings.
Assuntos
Paralisia Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Avaliação da Deficiência , Equilíbrio Postural/fisiologia , Tronco/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
AIM: To investigate the effects of manipulating visual information and the compliance of the support surface on the area of sway and dynamical trajectories of center-of-pressure (CoP) in children with CP and children with typical development during static sitting. METHODS: 32 typical children, 14 children with mild CP and 12 with moderate-to-severe CP were tested for CoP sway during static sitting under four sensory conditions: (1) eyes open on a rigid surface; (2) eyes closed on a rigid surface; (3) eyes open on foam; (4) eyes closed on foam. RESULTS: Children with moderate-to-severe CP showed greater regularity and local stability of dynamical CoP trajectories and lower complexity in their motor patterns than typical children and children with mild CP. Moreover, removing vision and sitting on a compliant surface reduced the regularity of CoP trajectories. CONCLUSION: Children with CP were able to adjust the structure and complexity of their postural control responses to sensory challenges, although the structure of their postural responses was poorer than in typical children.
Assuntos
Paralisia Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Equilíbrio Postural/fisiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Avaliação da Deficiência , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estimulação Luminosa/métodos , Pressão , Rotação , Postura Sentada , Percepção Visual/fisiologiaRESUMO
AIM: To investigate suit-orthosis effects on postural sway during anticipatory and compensatory postural adjustments (APA and CPA, respectively) in a seated reaching task performed by children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: Twenty-nine children were divided according to Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) I and II-III. Participants were instructed to reach forward toward an object both in a no-suit condition and in a suit-orthosis condition. RESULTS: Using the suit-orthosis, children at MACS II-III decreased velocity of center-of-pressure (CoP) sway during APA, whereas children at MACS I increased the anterior-posterior CoP displacement during CPA. CONCLUSION: Suit-orthosis improved postural stability in children at MACS II-III during APA. The suit may assist with arm function control during postural sway when preparing to reach for objects. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Suit-orthoses in therapy should be individually prescribed considering the intended activity and person's motor impairment.
Assuntos
Paralisia Cerebral/reabilitação , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Aparelhos Ortopédicos/normas , Equilíbrio Postural/fisiologia , Postura/fisiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
This study identified the level of trunk control of healthy term infants aged from six to nine months. This cross-sectional study included fifty-five infants aged from six to nine months. The levels of trunk control was investigated by using the Segmental Assessment Trunk Control (SATCo). The infants remained seated on a wooden bench and a neutral pelvic position was maintained. The SATCo score was considered as dependent variable. The results showed that infants aged six and seven months presented levels of trunk control in the thoracic region while infants aged from eight to nine months presented full trunk control. These results demonstrate that younger infants present less levels of trunk control while older infants present full trunk control, confirming that trunk control development takes place in a segmental way and in a cephalocaudal direction. These results also might be used as a reference to distinguish infants that show a delay in trunk control from those who have suitable motor development and, thus intervene at an early stage to minimize later delays in these infants global motor development.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Postura/fisiologia , Tronco/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: External support has been viewed as an important biomechanical constraint for children with deficits in postural control. Nonlinear analysis of head stability may be helpful to confirm benefits of interaction between external trunk support and level of trunk control. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of biomechanical constraints (trunk support) on neural control of head stability during development of trunk control. DESIGN: This was a quasi-experimental repeated-measures study. METHODS: Data from 15 children (4-16 years of age) with moderate (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] IV; n=8 [4 boys, 4 girls]) or severe (GMFCS V; n=7 [4 boys, 3 girls]) cerebral palsy (CP) were compared with previous longitudinal data from infants with typical development (TD) (3-9 months of age). Kinematic data were used to document head sway with external support at 4 levels (axillae, midrib, waist, and hip). Complexity, predictability, and active degrees of freedom for both anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions were assessed. RESULTS: Irrespective of level of support, CP groups had lower complexity, increased predictability, and greater degrees of freedom. The effect of support differed based on the child's segmental level of control. The GMFCS V and youngest TD groups demonstrated better head control, with increased complexity and decreased predictability, with higher levels of support. The GMFCS IV group had the opposite effect, showing decreased predictability and increased complexity and degrees of freedom with lower levels of support. LIMITATIONS: Infants with typical development and children with CP were compared based on similar segmental levels of trunk control; however, it is acknowledged that the groups differed for age, cognitive level, and motor experience. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of external support varied depending on the child's level of control and diagnostic status. Children with GMFCS V and young infants with TD had better outcomes with external support, but external support was not enough to completely correct for the influence of CP. Children with GMFCS IV performed worse, with increased predictability and decreased complexity, when support was at the axillae or midribs, suggesting that too much support can interfere with postural sway quality.
RESUMO
In a child's daily routine, sit-to-stand (STS) is a prerequisite activity for many functional tasks. The relationship between gait and other abilities has been pointed out by many authors, but there is no study investigating the changes in STS during gait acquisition in children. The purpose of this study was to analyse, in healthy children, changes that occur in STS performance during gait acquisition. Five healthy children were initially assessed with an average age of 13.6 months. The kinematics in STS movement performance of the children was evaluated longitudinally during different periods of walking experience: children who have not acquired independent walking, 8.2 (±8.4) days of independent walking experience, and 86.2 (±8.7) days of independent walking experience. At the gait acquisition period we found a significant decrease in the final trunk flexion angle and an increase in amplitude of the trunk flexion. The walking experience may have changed the execution of the STS movement...
Na rotina diária infantil, a transição da posição sentada para em pé (SDP) é um pré-requisito para muitas tarefas funcionais. A relação entre a marcha e outras habilidades tem sido apontada por muitos autores, mas não foram encontrados estudos investigando as alterações de SDP durante a aquisição da marcha em crianças. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as mudanças que ocorrem no desempenho do SDP no período de aquisição da marcha em crianças saudáveis . Cinco crianças saudáveis foram inicialmente avaliadas com idade média de 13,6 meses. A cinemática do movimento SDP das crianças foi avaliada longitudinalmente durante diferentes períodos de experiência de marcha: quando as crianças não tinham adquirido a marcha independente ainda, 8,2 (± 8,4) dias de experiência de marcha independente, e 86,2 (± 8,7) dias de experiência de marcha independente. No período de aquisição da marcha observamos uma diminuição significativa no ângulo final da flexão de tronco e aumento da amplitude de flexão do tronco. A experiência do andar pode mudar a execução da atividade SDP...
En la rutina diaria infantil, la transición de sentado a de pie (SDP) es un requisito previo para muchas tareas funcionales. La relación entre la marcha y otras habilidades ha sido apuntada por muchos autores, pero no se encontraron ningún estudio que investigue alteraciones en SDP durante adquisición de la marcha en niños. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las alteraciones en SDP durante adquisición de la marcha en niños saludables. Fueron evaluados cinco niños saludables, con edad inicial media de 13,6 meses. La cinemática de la actividad SDP de los niños fue evaluado longitudinalmente, durante diferentes períodos de experiencia de andar: los niños no habían adquirido lo andar independiente, 8,2 (± 8,4) días de experiencia de andar independiente y 86,2 (± 8,7) días a partir de la experiencia de andar independiente. En el período de adquisición de la marcha, se verificó una disminución significativa en el ángulo da flexión final del torso y el aumento de la amplitud de la misma flexión. Con la experiencia en caminar se puede alterar el rendimiento de la actividad SDP...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Atividades Cotidianas , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Marcha/fisiologiaRESUMO
Variability has been perceived to be beneficial to movement organization and execution, being essential to selection of movement patterns during motor development, to obtain flexible patterns and adaptability to different task demands. Human movement variability can be measured by linear and nonlinear tools. Recently, nonlinear techniques have been used successfully to give insight into motor skills control in children, and be able to discriminate pathologic and non-pathologic children. For that, this paper is the first to review systematically studies that used nonlinear measures in children. We intend to describe which mathematical tools are utilized to analyze quality and structure of variability, the factors that influence this variability and methodological procedures which are considered for its analysis, and how they are interpreted in child motor development field. A search was performed by one reviewer in relevant databases and the quality appraisal was conducted independently by two reviewers. In all, 27 articles were identified and 20 were selected for the present review. It was detected a large variation in sample characteristics and methodological issues among studies. In fact, the main importance of this review was due to the attempt to define some parameters and standardize some values for typical children and children with disabilities. It is noted that the results from nonlinear techniques depend on the task being analyzed, the age and the type of mathematical technique chosen. The presence of disability is associated to decreases in complexity and nonlinear tools were considered sensible to investigate the effectiveness of practice and intervention in typical children and children with cerebral palsy. Furthermore, future studies should be more careful in standardizing selection, recruitment and explaining missing data. Future reports also should present details of their results and limitations to favor comparisons and helping in formulating new research questions.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Avaliação da Deficiência , Transtornos das Habilidades Motoras/diagnóstico , Transtornos das Habilidades Motoras/fisiopatologia , Destreza Motora/fisiologia , Postura/fisiologia , Paralisia Cerebral/diagnóstico , Paralisia Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Criança , HumanosRESUMO
During infant development, objects and their functions are learned by means of active exploration. Factors that may influence exploration include reaching and grasping ability, object properties and the presence of developmental disorders. We assessed the development of exploratory actions in 16 typically-developing (TD) infants and 9 infants with Down syndrome (DS) after reaching onset. Infants with DS reached for and explored objects less frequently than TD infants, especially small objects. Over time, the amount of reaches increased in both groups, with no changes in the amount of exploration in the DS group. Pre-grasping actions were different across objects, but less efficient in generating action-relevant information in the DS group. These infants also performed fewer behaviors requiring complex motor skills. The results suggest that perceptual-motor abilities determine different exploratory behaviors in TD and DS infants. The reduced amount and complexity of exploratory actions may impact developmental outcome in DS.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Down/fisiopatologia , Comportamento Exploratório/fisiologia , Destreza Motora/fisiologia , Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/fisiopatologia , Síndrome de Down/psicologia , Feminino , Força da Mão/fisiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Comportamento do Lactente/fisiologia , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a functional strength training. CASE REPORT: A nine-year-old child with Cerebral Palsy (CP) classified as level IV according to Gross Motor Function Classification System participated in the study. Assessments were at baseline, five weeks and 10 weeks post-intervention. Lower-extremity muscles strength was evaluated with an isokinetic dynamometer. Also, Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) and Timed up & Go (TUG) tests were assessed. A functional strength training protocol, four sessions a week, for 10 weeks was applied. RESULTS: Following functional strength training, it improvements were found in hip, knee and ankle muscles strength, as well as increase in GMFM-88 score and decrease in time for TUG test performance. Positives outcomes from functional strength training were obtained beyond improvements in strength, since improvements in functional motor performance were also achieved. CONCLUSION: Therefore, individualized, specific and functional strength training seems to be an alternative to rehabilitation of children with CP with high level of functional disability.
Assuntos
Paralisia Cerebral/reabilitação , Força Muscular , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Treinamento Resistido , Tornozelo/fisiopatologia , Paralisia Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Criança , Feminino , Quadril/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Joelho/fisiopatologia , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Postura , Medicina de Precisão/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the immediate effects of Kinesio Taping® (KT) on sit-to-stand (STS) movement, balance and dynamic postural control in children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: Four children diagnosed with left hemiplegic CP level I by the Gross Motor Function Classification System were evaluated under conditions without taping as control condition (CC); and with KT as kinesio condition. A motion analysis system was used to measure total duration of STS movement and angular movements of each joint. Clinical instruments such as Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) and Timed up and Go (TUG) were also applied. RESULTS: Compared to CC, decreased total duration of STS, lower peak ankle flexion, higher knee extension at the end of STS, and decreased total time in TUG; but no differences were obtained on PBS score in KT. CONCLUSION: Neuromuscular taping seems to be beneficial on dynamic activities, but not have the same performance in predominantly static activities studied.
Assuntos
Paralisia Cerebral/reabilitação , Destreza Motora/fisiologia , Movimento/fisiologia , Equilíbrio Postural/fisiologia , Fenômenos Biomecânicos/fisiologia , Paralisia Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Criança , Avaliação da Deficiência , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , Postura/fisiologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A síndrome de Angelman (SA) é caracterizada por alterações neuromotoras como marcha atáxica e atraso na aquisição de habilidades motoras, porém são escassos os estudos investigando o efeito de intervenções aplicadas a essa população. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o efeito de um treino de equilíbrio em uma criança com SA. Participou do estudo uma criança de nove anos de idade com diagnóstico de SA, sexo feminino. Foi aplicado um protocolo para treino de equilíbrio por oito semanas, com frequência de duas vezes por semana. O treino consistiu em atividades envolvendo equilíbrio estático sob diversas condições de dificuldade. Após o treino, a análise de biofotogrametria computadorizada do equilíbrio estático revelou redução do grau de oscilação, que passou de 38° para 13,78°. A pontuação na escala de Berg passou de 27 pontos, na avaliação, para 37 pontos na reavaliação. No teste Timed Up & Go, a criança realizou a tarefa em 15 segundos, na avaliação, e, na reavaliação, em 12 segundos. Em conjunto, os resultados sugerem que o treino favoreceu melhora no equilíbrio estático e dinâmico, bem como na mobilidade funcional.
The Angelman syndrome is characterized by neuromotor difficulties, such as ataxic gait and delayed acquisition of motor skills. However, there are few studies investigating the effect of interventions directed to this population. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a balance training in a child with Angelman syndrome. The participant was a nine-year-old girl. The training protocol was implemented during an eight-week period, twice a week, and consisted of activities involving static balance under various difficulty levels. After the training, the postural sway measured by biophotogrammetry changed from 38° to 13.78°. The scores in the Berg scale changed from 27 points to 37 points. In the Timed Up & Go test, the child's time to complete the task changed from 15 to 12 seconds. Taken together, the results suggest that the training led to improved static and dynamic balance, as well as functional mobility.
El síndrome de Angelman (SA) es caracterizado por alteraciones neuromotoras como marcha atáxica y atraso en la adquisición de habilidades motoras, pero son escasos los estudios investigando el efecto de intervenciones aplicadas a esta población. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar el efecto de un entrenamiento del equilibrio en un niño con SA. Participó del estudio un niño de 9 años de edad con diagnóstico de SA, sexo femenino. Fue aplicado un protocolo de entrenamiento para el equilibrio por 8 semanas, con frecuencia de 2 veces por semana. El entrenamiento consistió en actividades involucrando el equilibrio estático sobre diversas condiciones de dificultad. Después del entrenamiento el análisis de biofotogrametría computarizada del equilibrio estático reveló reducción de los grados de oscilación, que pasó de 38° para 13,78°. La puntuación en la escala de Berg pasó de 27 puntos en la evaluación para 37 puntos en la reevaluación. En el test Timed up and go la niña realizó la tarea en 15 segundos en la evaluación y 12 segundos en la reevaluación. En conjunto, los resultados sugieren que el entrenamiento favoreció la mejora en el equilibrio estático y dinámico, así como de la movilidad funcional.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Criança , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Equilíbrio Postural , Síndrome de Angelman/reabilitaçãoRESUMO
The scope of this study was to evaluate the quality of life and work ability of industrial workers by means of self-perception questionnaires. 100 industrial production line workers on the night shift participated in this study. Authorized Brazilian translations of the Work Ability Index (WAI) and the Abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-Bref) Assessment Instrument were applied. The results show an association between work ability and the whole set of domains of quality of life, presenting a closer association with the physical domain (r =0.61). Furthermore, young men obtained higher ability to work results, while women aged between 30 and 39 had the lowest quality of life indices (p =0.027), especially in the Social Relationships and Environment domains. This shows that preventive guidelines for the improvement of aspects linked to the Physical domain are necessary both in the workplace and outside the workplace, since this interaction exacerbates the effects on the physical aspect in both spheres.
Assuntos
Indústrias , Saúde Ocupacional , Qualidade de Vida , Avaliação da Capacidade de Trabalho , Adulto , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, comparativamente, a qualidade de vida e a capacidade de trabalho de trabalhadores industriais, por meio dos índices de capacidade para o trabalho e de qualidade de vida. Participaram do estudo 100 trabalhadores de um setor noturno de linha de produção. Foram aplicadas traduções autorizadas do Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho e o Instrumento Abreviado de Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Os resultados evidenciam associação entre a capacidade para o trabalho e todo o conjunto dos domínios de qualidade de vida, apresentando melhor associação com o domínio Físico (r =0,61). Além disso, os homens jovens obtiveram valores maiores para Capacidade de Trabalho (p =0,016), enquanto que as mulheres com idade entre 30-39 anos apresentaram os piores índices de qualidade de vida (p =0,027), especialmente para os domínios Relações Sociais e Ambiente. Reforça-se, assim, a necessidade de diretrizes preventivas específicas para o aprimoramento dos aspectos ligados ao domínio Físico tanto no ambiente de trabalho como fora dele, uma vez que essa interação potencializa os efeitos no aspecto físico em ambas as esferas.
The scope of this study was to evaluate the quality of life and work ability of industrial workers by means of self-perception questionnaires. 100 industrial production line workers on the night shift participated in this study. Authorized Brazilian translations of the Work Ability Index (WAI) and the Abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-Bref) Assessment Instrument were applied. The results show an association between work ability and the whole set of domains of quality of life, presenting a closer association with the physical domain (r =0.61). Furthermore, young men obtained higher ability to work results, while women aged between 30 and 39 had the lowest quality of life indices (p =0.027), especially in the Social Relationships and Environment domains. This shows that preventive guidelines for the improvement of aspects linked to the Physical domain are necessary both in the workplace and outside the workplace, since this interaction exacerbates the effects on the physical aspect in both spheres.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Indústrias , Saúde Ocupacional , Qualidade de Vida , Avaliação da Capacidade de Trabalho , Brasil , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Exposure to continuous or impulse noise may lead to High Sound Pressure Induced Hearing Loss (HSPIHL) or to acoustic trauma in soldiers. Auditory evaluation by means of evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAE) has been demonstrating its importance in the detection of subtle changes in cochlear function still unidentified in threshold tone audiometry in subjects exposed to noise. OBJECTIVE: Studying Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) before and after exposure to impulse noise in soldiers of the Brazilian Army. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is an analytical, observational, longitudinal and prospective study. Auditory evaluation was performed by means of DPOAEs in 60 soldiers before and after exposure to impulse noise, of whom 30 were reevaluated immediately after exposure and 30 were reevaluated 24 hours after exposure. RESULTS: The statistical analysis revealed that both groups reevaluated after exposure to impulse noise showed a decrease in amplitudes in comparison with the tests before exposure. As for the signal/noise ratio, there was a significant difference at the frequencies of 6 and 8KHz and there was a significant association between a tinnitus complaint and the group reevaluated immediately after exposure to noise. CONCLUSION: The DPOAE test proved sensitive to detect subtle shifts after exposure to impulse noise, both with regard to the amplitude criterion and with regard to the signal/noise ratio even 24 hours after exposure. This demonstrated the applicability of the DPOAE test in monitoring the hearing of soldiers exposed to impulse noise.
Assuntos
Audiometria/métodos , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/diagnóstico , Militares , Ruído Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Emissões Otoacústicas Espontâneas/fisiologia , Zumbido/diagnóstico , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cóclea/lesões , Cóclea/fisiopatologia , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/epidemiologia , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Medicina Militar/métodos , Militares/estatística & dados numéricos , Ruído Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Razão Sinal-Ruído , Inquéritos e Questionários , Zumbido/epidemiologia , Zumbido/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
The influence of determining factors on sit-to-stand (STS) movement in adults has been extensively described in the literature; however, there is a lack of information about such factors on children. Therefore, the purposes of the present study are to analyze the scientific publications about intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing STS movement in children and to describe methodological procedures used in the studies under review. A bibliographical review was obtained from relevant database (1988-2009) using keywords, such as rising, chair, sit-to-stand, and children. In all, 109 articles were identified and 11 were selected. The literature indicates there is a lack of articles investigating disabilities other than cerebral palsy as well as extrinsic factors such as chair-type characteristics in typical and atypical children.
Assuntos
Paralisia Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Crianças com Deficiência , Destreza Motora/fisiologia , Movimento/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Adaptação Fisiológica , Adolescente , Articulação do Tornozelo , Criança , Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Pré-Escolar , Articulação do Quadril , Humanos , Articulação do Joelho , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , PosturaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of additional weight load on reaching movement characteristics in 4-6-month-old infants over age. The task-load provided adaptedness on infant reaching movements, especially influencing to optimal interlimb coupling in bimanual reaches.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Comportamento do Lactente/fisiologia , Movimento/fisiologia , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Suporte de Carga/fisiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Mãos/fisiologia , Humanos , Lactente , MasculinoRESUMO
O objetivo deste artigo é analisar, de maneira sistemática, o quanto e o que os demógrafos brasileiros têm produzido e refletido sobre o envelhecimento populacional brasileiro, tendo como base os artigos da REBEP (Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População). Essa idéia se baseou no trabalho de Watkins30 (1993), que discutiu a maneira como as mulheres são cotejadas nos artigos publicados pela Demography. Nosso foco tratará o envelhecimento populacional como um processo demográfico, enfatizando os aspectos decorrentes desse processo na vida social. Para a realização deste trabalho, foram analisados todos os artigos publicados pela revista entre os anos de 1984 a 2003. A metodologia escolhida foi a análise de conteúdo. Apesar da subjetividade do método, podemos afirmar que a REBEP publicou poucos artigos cuja temática principal fosse o envelhecimento populacional e suas conseqüências. Durante os 20 anos de existência da REBEP, apenas oito trabalhos, entre artigos, resenhas e notas de pesquisa sobre envelhecimento, foram publicados sobre o tema