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Cost-effective strategies for the treatment of chronic wounds must be developed. The green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) it is possible to guarantee a lower toxicity in biological tissues and greater safety of applicability, in addition to adding the effects of nanoparticles (NPs) to those of extracts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatment with biosynthesized GNPs in a chronic wound model. Wistar rats were distributed into 7 groups: Acute Wound (AW); Chronic wound (CW); CW + GNPs-Açaí; CW + GNPs-DB; CW + AV-GNPs; CW + SafGel®; CW + 660 nm laser. The chronic injury model was induced with topically applied Resiquimod for 6 days. Treatments were then initated on the fourteenth day after the last application of Resiquimod and carried out daily for ten days. The proposed therapies with GNPs were able to significantly reduce the inflammatory score and increase the rate of wound contraction. In histology, there was a reduction in the inflammatory infiltrate and increased gene expression of fibronectin and type III collagen, mainly in the CW + AV-GNPs group. The therapies were able to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines, increase anti-inflammatory cytokines, and reduce oxidative stress. The results demonstrated that the effects of GNPs appear to complement those of the extracts, thereby enhancing the tissue repair process.

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The growing production of urban solid waste is a structural problem faced by most cities around the world. The proliferation of mini-open dumps (MOD; small spontaneous open-air waste dumps formed in urban and peri-urban areas) on the banks of the Paraná River is particularly evident. During the historical drought (June-December 2021), we carried out sampling campaigns identifying MODs of the Santa Fe River, a secondary channel of the Paraná River. MOD were geolocated, measured, described and classified by origin. The distance to the river and other sensitive places was considered (houses-schools-health facilities). Our results suggested a serious environmental issue associated with poor waste management. MOD were extremely abundant in the study area, being mostly composed of domestic litter. Plastics clearly dominated the MOD composition. Burning was frequently observed as a method to reduce the volume of MOD. We concluded that the proliferation of MOD is a multi-causal problem associated with a failure of public policies and a lack of environmental education.

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Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (IPD) remain a challenge for medicine due to several interconnected reasons, such as antimicrobial resistance (AMR). American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is an overlooked IPD causing persistent skin ulcers that are challenging to heal, resulting in disfiguring scars. Moreover, it has the potential to extend from the skin to the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, and throat in both humans and various animals. Given the limited effectiveness and AMR of current drugs, the exploration of new substances has emerged as a promising alternative for ATL treatment. Arrabidaea brachypoda (DC). Bureau is a native Brazilian plant rich in dimeric flavonoids, including Brachydin (BRA), which displays antimicrobial activity, but still little has been explored regarding the development of therapeutic formulations. In this work, we present the design of a low-cost liquid formulation based on the use of Pluronic F127 for encapsulation of high BRA concentration (LF-B500). The characterization techniques revealed that BRA-loaded F127 micelles are well-stabilized in an unusual worm-like form. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that LF-B500 was non-toxic to macrophages but efficient in the inactivation of forms of Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes with IC50 of 16.06 µg/mL. The results demonstrated that LF-B500 opened a new perspective on the use of liquid formulation-based natural products for ATL treatment.

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Chronic hyperglycemia caused by diabetes mellitus (DM) slows down the healing process due to prolonged inflammation which impedes the regeneration progression. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is considered a non-pharmacological intervention and has anti-inflammatory and biostimulatory effects that accelerate the healing process. Currently found IL-1ß inhibitors are difficult to implement due to their cytotoxic potential, excessive amounts, and invasive administration, and therefore, the application of this peptide in diabetic wounds represents a promising intervention to help resolve the inflammatory response. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an IL-1ß inhibitor molecule associated with PBM irradiation in a model of epithelial injury in diabetic mice. After the induction of the DM model with streptozotocin (STZ), the skin lesion model was implemented through surgical excision. Sixty C57BL/6 mice divided into five experimental groups (n = 12) were used: excisional wound (EW), DM + EW, DM + EW + DAP 1-2 (inhibitor peptide), DM + EW + PBM, and DM + EW + PBM + DAP 1-2. Treatment started 12 h after wound induction and was performed daily for 5 days. Twenty-four hours after the last application, the animals were euthanized and the outer edge of the wound was removed. The results obtained demonstrate that the DM + EW + PBM + DAP 1-2 group caused a reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines, and an increase in TGF-ß and maintenance of the cellular redox state with a consequent reduction in levels of inflammatory infiltrate and concomitant stimulation of type III collagen gene expression, as well as a decrease in the size of the wound in square centimeter 6 days after the injury. Only the combination of therapies was able to favor the process of tissue regeneration due to the development of an approach capable of acting at different stages of the regenerative process, through the mechanisms of action of interventions on the inflammatory process by avoiding its stagnation and stimulating progression of regeneration.

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There is limited knowledge regarding the blockade of cysteinyl leukotriene receptors (CysLTRs) and their effects in teleost fish. The present study investigated the effects of Zafirlukast, antagonist of CysLTR1 receptor, on the foreign body inflammatory reaction in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Zafirlukast-treated tilapia demonstrated a decrease in the formation of multinucleated foreign body giant cells and Langhans cells on the round glass coverslips implanted in the subcutaneous tissue, along with a significant reduction in white blood cell counts and decreased production of reactive oxygen species. There was an increase in serum levels of α2-macroglobulins, as well as a decrease in ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin. Zafirlukast treatment led to a significant decrease in the area of splenic melanomacrophage centers and a reduction in the presence of lipofuscin. These findings highlight the potential anti-inflammatory effects of zafirlukast treatment in tilapia and indicate its action on CysLTR1 receptor, modulating the innate immune response of tilapia during the foreign body reaction. The comprehension of chronic inflammation mechanisms in fish has become increasingly relevant, especially concerning the utilization of biomaterials for vaccine and drug delivery.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunopharmacological activity of doxycycline, administered orally in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), during experimental infection by Aeromonas hydrophila, through the correlation between therapeutic efficacy and fish immune response. 160 Nile tilapia (±100 g) from the same spawning were distributed in 16 tanks (100 L, n = 10), constituting four treatments: control (infected and untreated); Infected and Treated with 20, 40 and 80 mg of doxycycline/Kg of b.w. Control fish and treated with the lowest dose of doxycycline (20 mg) exhibited typical signs of aeromonosis, including exophthalmos, fin erosion, hemorrhagic septicemia, corneal opacity and ascites. No clinical signs were observed in animals treated with 40 and 80 mg of doxycycline. There was a dose-response effect to the treatment with this tetracycline with relative percentage of survival (RPS) of 60, 73.3 and 93.3% for the treatments with 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg of b.w. when compared to control animals, as well as increased in the production of antibodies anti-A. hydrophila. Doxycycline treatment decreased monocytosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production observed in tilapia during A. hydrophila infection. Therefore, doxycycline administered orally to O. niloticus revealed the potential of this antimicrobial for use in tilapia farming, providing convincing results of the therapeutic efficacy against A. hydrophila. These results confirm the hypothesis that the antimicrobial action of doxycycline favored the defense mechanisms of tilapia treated mainly at a dose of 80 mg/kg. Although the exact mechanism of increased antibody response remains to be elucidated, the present observations demonstrate important practical significance for the sanitary management of tilapia farming.

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With the advancement of technology in Neurosurgery, imaging guidance for surgical planning and intraoperative assessment has become relevant. Currently, two major methods of imaging guidance are generally explored in the literature, namely based on imaging and fluorescence. These techniques, however, are not without limitations. Thermal imaging has potentially broad applications in clinical practice, especially for intracranial diseases. Infrared thermography (IT) has been an underestimated tool with few reports on its usefulness during intracranial surgeries. In this article, we aim to provide a brief discussion on the limitations of current intraoperative imaging techniques for intracranial surgeries and to provide an in-depth state-of-the-art review on intraoperative IT (IIT) for intracranial lesions. High-resolution IIT is a non-invasive alternative imaging method that provides real-time estimation of regional cerebral blood flow. For brain tumors, the studies were mostly directed to diagnostic purposes and occasionally for lesion-localization. The use of IIT to address the extent of resection is a potential new application. Clinical data in this issue suggests that IIT might detect residual tumors, occasionally not assessed by other imaging technologies. Thermographic measurements during vascular and epilepsy surgeries comprise an interesting field for future research with potential clinical implications. Further experimental and clinical studies should be addressed to provide technical refinements and verify the usefulness of this noninvasive technology in neurosurgery.

Com o avanço da tecnologia em neurocirurgia, a orientação do planejamento cirúrgico e da avaliação intraoperatória por métodos de imagem se tornaram extremamente relevantes. Atualmente, dois métodos principais de cirurgia guiada por imagem são geralmente explorados na literatura, ou seja, baseados em imagens e em fluorescência. Essas técnicas, no entanto, apresentam limitações. A termografia infravermelha (TI) tem aplicações potencialmente amplas na prática clínica, especialmente para doenças intracranianas. A TI tem sido uma ferramenta subestimada, com poucos relatos sobre a sua utilidade durante cirurgias intracranianas. Neste artigo, pretendemos fornecer uma breve discussão sobre as limitações das atuais técnicas de imagem intraoperatória para cirurgias intracranianas e fornecer uma revisão aprofundada do estado da arte sobre a TI intraoperatória (TII) para lesões intracranianas. A TII de alta resolução é um método de imagem alternativo não invasivo que fornece estimativa em tempo real do fluxo sanguíneo cerebral regional. Para tumores cerebrais, os estudos foram direcionados principalmente para fins diagnósticos e, ocasionalmente, para localização das lesões. O uso da TII para avaliar a extensão da ressecção é uma nova aplicação em potencial. Os dados clínicos sugerem que a TII pode detectar tumores residuais, ocasionalmente não avaliados por outras tecnologias de imagem. Medidas termográficas durante cirurgias vasculares e de epilepsia constituem um campo interessante para pesquisas futuras com potenciais implicações clínicas. Novos estudos experimentais e clínicos devem ser realizados para fornecer refinamentos técnicos e verificar a utilidade dessa tecnologia não invasiva em neurocirurgia.

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Resumo Objetivo Comparar os desfechos maternos e neonatais de mulheres que usaram e não usaram analgesia neuroaxial durante o trabalho de parto. Métodos Estudo transversal comparativo, documental, com coleta retrospectiva de dados, realizado em uma maternidade terciária de referência no Ceará. O tamanho da amostra foi calculado pela diferença entre duas proporções: partos vaginais com e sem analgesia, sendo 130 mulheres para cada grupo, totalizando 260 prontuários. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre julho de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020. Foram usados os testes t de Student, U de Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado de Pearson, exato de Fisher e o programa IBM SPSS. Resultados O grupo com analgesia apresentou maior média de consultas pré-natal (8,24; p<0,001), maior exposição à indução (74; 56,9%; p<0,001), com uso de ocitocina (57; 43,8%; p<0,001), maior duração do trabalho de parto ativo (média: 392 min; p<0,001) e do período expulsivo (média: 85,3 min; p<0,001), maior frequência de episiotomia (7; 7,9%; p=0,03), de parto cesárea (41; 31,5%; p<0,001), e pariram bebês mais pesados (média: 3,28 kg; p=0,007). Conclusão O uso de analgesia está associado à maior frequência de intervenções obstétricas, bem como ao aumento na duração do trabalho de parto. Quanto aos desfechos neonatais, o grupo com analgesia pariu recém-nascidos mais pesados; além disso, não foi observada associação com o escore de Apgar, nem encaminhamentos para unidades de risco.

Resumen Objetivo Comparar los desenlaces maternos y neonatales de mujeres que recibieron anestesia neuroaxial durante el trabajo de parto y las que no recibieron. Métodos Estudio transversal comparativo, documental, con recopilación retrospectiva de datos, realizado en una maternidad de tercer nivel de referencia en el estado de Ceará. El tamaño de la muestra se calculó mediante la diferencia entre dos proporciones: partos vaginales con y sin anestesia, con 130 mujeres en cada grupo, 260 historias clínicas en total. La recopilación de datos se realizó entre julio de 2019 y febrero de 2020. Se utilizaron las pruebas t de Student, U de Mann-Whitney, ji cuadrado de Pearson, exacto de Fisher y el programa IBM SPSS. Resultados El grupo con anestesia presentó un mayor promedio de consultas prenatales (8,24; p<0,001), una mayor exposición a la inducción (74; 56,9 %; p<0,001), con uso de oxitocina (57; 43,8 %; p<0,001), una duración mayor del trabajo de parto activo (promedio: 392 min; p<0,001) y del período expulsivo (promedio: 85,3 min; p<0,001), una mayor frecuencia de episiotomía (7; 7,9 %; p=0,03), de parto por cesárea (41; 31,5 %; p<0,001), y parieron bebés más pesados (promedio: 3,28 kg; p=0,007). Conclusión El uso de anestesia está asociado a una mayor frecuencia de intervenciones obstétricas, así como también al aumento de la duración del trabajo de parto. Respecto a los desenlaces neonatales, el grupo con anestesia parió recién nacidos más pesados. Además, no se observó relación con el puntaje de Apgar, ni derivaciones a unidades de riesgo.

Abstract Objective To compare maternal and neonatal outcomes of women who used and did not use neuraxial analgesia during labor. Methods A cross-sectional, comparative, documentary study, with retrospective data collection, carried out at a tertiary reference maternity hospital in Ceará. Sample size was calculated by the difference between two proportions: vaginal births with and without analgesia, with 130 women for each group, totaling 260 medical records. Data collection took place between July 2019 and February 2020. Student's t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and the IBM SPSS program were used. Results The group with analgesia had a higher mean number of prenatal consultations (8.24; p<0.001), greater exposure to induction (74; 56.9%; p<0.001), with use of oxytocin (57; 43.8%; p<0.001), longer duration of active labor (mean: 392 min; p<0.001) and expulsive period (mean: 85.3 min; p<0.001), higher frequency of episiotomy (7; 7.9%; p=0.03), by cesarean section (41; 31.5%; p<0.001), and heavier babies were born (mean: 3.28 kg; p=0.007). Conclusion The use of analgesia is associated with a greater frequency of obstetric interventions as well as an increase in the duration of labor. Regarding neonatal outcomes, the group with analgesia gave birth to heavier newborns; Furthermore, no association was observed with the Apgar score, nor referrals to high-risk units.

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ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational manual on the support provided by companions during the labor process in an obstetric center. Method: a Randomized Clinical Trial conducted with 248 participants, comprising 124 companions and 124 puerperal women. The study took place between November 2018 and October 2019 at an obstetric center in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. The Companion Characterization Form, the Support Evaluation Form, and the Postpartum Woman's Labor Experience and Satisfaction Evaluation Form were used. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences statistical program. Chi-square and Fisher tests were employed, as well as the Mann-Whitney test. The Relative Risk (RR) and the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were calculated for the main dependent variables. Results: it was evident that the companions from the Intervention Group were more likely to engage in physical, emotional, informational and advocacy/intermediation support actions, with a statistically significant difference observed in all support dimensions when comparing both groups. The companions from the Intervention Group performed more support actions (20 vs 6; p:0.001) and rated the experience of accompanying the birth more favorably (100.0 vs 74.2; p:0.001). It was identified that the puerperal women accompanied by participants from the Intervention Group were more likely to express satisfaction with how the labor process took place. Conclusion: the intervention applied in the maternity unit using an educational manual aimed at parturients' companions is effective and contributes to providing support during childbirth.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de un manual educativo en el apoyo proporcionado por acompañantes durante el proceso de parto en un centro obstétrico. Método: Ensayo Clínico Aleatorizado realizado con 248 participantes: 124 acompañantes y 124 puérperas. El estudio se llevó a cabo entre noviembre de 2018 y octubre de 2019 en un centro obstétrico de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Se utilizó un Formulario de caracterización del acompañante; un Formulario para evaluar el apoyo proporcionado y un Formulario para evaluar la experiencia y satisfacción de las puérperas con el trabajo de parto. Los datos se analizaron en el programa estadístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Se emplearon las pruebas de chi-cuadrado y Fisher y la de Mann-Whitney. Se calculó el Riesgo Relativo (RR) y el Intervalo de Confianza (IC) del 95% para las principales variables dependientes Resultados: se evidenció que los acompañantes del Grupo Intervención fueron más propensos a desarrollar acciones de apoyo físico, emocional, informativo y de soporte/intermediación, verificándose una diferencia estadística significativa en todas las dimensiones de apoyo al comparar ambos grupos. Los acompañantes del Grupo Intervención realizaron más acciones de apoyo (20 vs 6; p:0,001) y evaluaron de mejor manera la experiencia de estar presentes en el parto (100,0 vs 74,2; p:0,001). Se determinó que las puérperas acompañadas por participantes del Grupo Intervención fueron más propensas a mostrarse satisfechas con la forma en la que se desarrolló el trabajo de parto. Conclusión: la intervención que se aplicó en la maternidad empleando el manual educativo y direccionada a acompañantes de parturientas es efectiva y ayuda a proporcionar apoyo durante el parto.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade de um manual educativo no apoio prestado por acompanhantes durante o processo parturitivo em um centro obstétrico. Método: Ensaio Clínico Randomizado realizado com 248 participantes, sendo 124 acompanhantes e 124 puérperas. O estudo foi realizado em centro obstétrico em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, entre os meses de novembro de 2018 a outubro de 2019. Utilizou-se o Formulário de caracterização do acompanhante; Formulário de avaliação do apoio prestado; e Formulário de avaliação da experiência e satisfação da puérpera com o trabalho de parto. Os dados foram analisados no programa estatístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado e Fisher e o teste de Mann-Whitney. O Risco Relativo (RR) e o Intervalo de Confiança (IC) de 95% foram calculados para as principais variáveis dependentes Resultados: Evidenciou-se que acompanhantes do grupo intervenção tiveram mais probabilidade de desenvolver ações de apoio físico, emocional, informacional e advocacia/intermediação, verificando-se diferença estatística significativa em todas as dimensões de apoio quando comparados os dois grupos. Acompanhantes do grupo intervenção realizaram um maior número de ações de apoio (20 vs 6; p:0,001) e melhor avaliaram a experiência de acompanhar o parto (100,0 vs 74,2; p:0,001). Identificou-se que puérperas acompanhadas por participantes do grupo intervenção foram mais propícias a demonstrar satisfação com a forma como ocorreu o trabalho de parto. Conclusão: A intervenção aplicada na maternidade com uso de manual educativo direcionada a acompanhantes de parturientes é efetiva e contribui para a prestação de apoio durante o parto.

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Resumo Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar criticamente os mecanismos que desidratam o Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (FNDCT), debilitando-o na sua função de promover o desenvolvimento econômico e social. Os dados foram extraídos das bases do sistema integrado de orçamento e planejamento (SIOP) e do relatório de execução orçamentária, entre 2012 e 2021, disponibilizados pela financiadora de estudos e projetos (FINEP). Os resultados da investigação apontam que, do ponto de vista quantitativo, há um processo de desidratação, por mecanismos como a desvinculação de receitas da união (DRU), a formulação do projeto de lei orçamentária anual (PLOA) e as reservas de contingência. Do lado qualitativo, há descompasso entre a promessa de uma política arrojada e inovadora e uma estrutura de governança centralizada e burocrática. Os fundos setoriais não enfrentam problemas de arrecadação, mas a gestão centralizada e subserviente a políticas fiscais de austeridade leva a uma execução orçamentária quantitativamente insuficiente e qualitativamente pobre em diversificação, quadro que descaracteriza a política de financiamento de ciência, tecnologia e inovação (CT&I), deixando de cumprir a promessa de desenvolvimento via inovação.

Resumen Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar críticamente los mecanismos que deshidratan el fondo nacional de desarrollo científico y tecnológico (FNDCT), debilitándolo en su función de promover el desarrollo económico y social. Los datos fueron extraídos de las bases del sistema integrado de planificación y presupuesto y del informe de ejecución presupuestaria entre 2012 y 2021, puestos a disposición por la financiadora de estudios y proyectos. Los resultados de la investigación indican que, desde el punto de vista cuantitativo, existe un proceso de deshidratación, a través de mecanismos como la Desvinculación de Ingresos de la Unión Federal, la formulación del proyecto de ley presupuestaria anual y las reservas de contingencia. En el aspecto cualitativo, existe un desajuste entre la promesa de una política audaz e innovadora y una estructura de gobierno centralizada y burocrática. Los fondos sectoriales no enfrentan, en promedio, problemas de recaudación, pero la gestión centralizada supeditada a políticas fiscales de austeridad conduce a una ejecución presupuestaria cuantitativamente insuficiente y cualitativamente pobre en términos de diversificación, situación que descaracteriza la política de financiamiento para la ciencia, tecnología e innovación (CT&I), incumpliendo con la promesa de desarrollo a través de la innovación.

Abstract This study aims to critically analyze the mechanisms that depletethe Brazilian fund for the development of science and technology (FNDCT), jeopardizing its ability to promote economic and social development. Data were extracted from the integrated budget and planning system (SIOP) bases and the budget execution report between 2012 and 2021, made available by the Brazilian funding agency FINEP. The quantitative results indicate a process of "dehydration" due to changes such as the regulation that allows the executive to redirect resources previously earmarked for the fund (called DRU), the formulation of the legislation on the annual budget (PLOA) and the contingency reserves. The qualitative analysis shows a mismatch between the promise of a bold and innovative science and technology policy and a centralized and bureaucratic governance structure. Sectoral funds do not face, on average, problems in raising resources. However, the centralized management subservient to fiscal austerity policies leads to quantitative insufficient budget execution and qualitatively poor diversification. As outcomes, this situation mischaracterizes the ST&I funding policy, failing to comply with the promise of development through innovation.

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BACKGROUND: Lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) accounts for 12% of all head and neck cancers. It is caused by chronic exposure to ultraviolet light solar radiation and related to previous actinic cheilitis (AC). This study aimed to investigate the immunostaining of the putative cancer stem cells (CSC) markers ALDH1 and CD44 in AC (n=30) and LSCC (n=20). ALDH1 positivity was found to be statistically higher in LSCC than in AC lesions (p=0.0045), whilst CD44 expression was statistically higher in AC than in LSCC lesions (p=0.0155). ALDH1+ cells in AC lesions were associated with specific clinical features: a younger age (<60 years old), the female gender, white skin, not smoking or consuming alcohol, and a fast evolution, and not associated with the chronic exposure to UV radiation (p<0.0001). CD44 positivity was associated with patients who were male, feoderm, smoked, consumed alcohol, underwent occupational exposure to UV-radiation, and demonstrated lesions with log-time evolution (p<0.0001). ALDH1 + cells were associated with mild dysplasia using a system from the World Health Organization (WHO), and with a low risk of malignant transformation, according to the binary system (p<0.0001). CD44+ cells were also associated with moderated dysplasia, according to the WHO system. In LSCC, ALDH1 + cells were positively associated with patients who were older (≥ 60 years old), smokers, and with those who consumed alcohol (p<0.0001). CD44 + cells in LSCC were associated with older (≥ 60 years old) patients as well, but also with female patients, white skin, non-smokers, and individuals who did not consume alcohol (p<0.0001), all of whom showed distinct patterns in pre- and malignant lesions of both markers. Additionally, in LSCC, both ALDH1 and CD44 staining were associated with smaller tumor sizes (T1/T2; p<0.0001). In summary, although both ALDH1 and CD44 were associated with the presence of dysplasia in AC lesions, the present findings suggest that ALDH1 and CD44 may be activated by different etiopathogenic pathways, predominantly in distinct steps of oral carcinogenesis. CD44 would thus be more significantly related to the potentially malignant lesion, while ALDH1 would be closely linked to malignancy.

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Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de curso online no conhecimento de jovens sobre infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Métodos: Estudo quase-experimental dividido em cinco etapas: planejamento do curso; divulgação; recrutamento, assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) e pré-teste; implementação do curso; aplicação do pós-teste. A amostra foi constituída por 165 participantes. Os dados foram colhidos no Google Forms®ï¸, organizados no Google Sheets®ï¸e analisados no Jamovi®ï¸. Utilizou-se o teste de McNemar para comparação dos grupos. Resultados: A idade média dos participantes foi de 24,6 anos. Constatou-se diferença estatisticamente significante no conhecimento dos participantes antes e após a intervenção no que se refere ao tratamento e à transmissão vertical do HIV. No tocante às práticas sexuais, observaram-se diferenças nas frequências de acertos nas questões, sobretudo na realização do teste rápido para HIV. Conclusão: O curso online foi efetivo para aumentar a frequência de respostas adequadas de conhecimento e prática dos jovens após a intervenção.Descritores:Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis; Tecnologia da Informação; Prevenção de Doenças.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of online course on the knowledge of young people about sexually transmitted infections.Method: Quasi-experimental study divided into 5 stages: course planning; dissemination; recruitment, signing of informed consent form and pre-test; course implementation; post-test application. The sample consisted of 203 participants. Data were collecte in Google Forms®ï¸, organized in Google Sheets®ï¸and analyzed in Jamovi®ï¸. McNemar's test was used to compare the groups. Results: The mean age of the participants was 24.6 years. There was a statistically significant difference in the knowledge of the participants before and after the intervention regarding the treatment and vertical transmission of HIV. Regarding sexual practices, there were differences in the frequencies of correct answers in the questions, especially in the performance of the rapid test for HIV.Conclusion: The online course was effective in increasing the frequency of adequate responses of knowledge and practice of young people after the intervention.Descriptors:Sexually Transmitted Infections; Information Technology; Disease Prevention

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Objetivo: Descrever a utilização das boas práticas de atenção ao parto e nascimento e o grau de satisfação e experiência de puérperas com o parto. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado no período de julho de 2017 a janeiro de 2018, em uma maternidade de referência em Fortaleza, Ceará. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se o Questionário de Experiência e Satisfação com o Parto e questionário para avaliação dos dados sociodemográficos e obstétricos. Os dados foram analisados no softwareStatistical Package for the Social Science. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: Participaram 237 puérperas com média de idade de 26 anos. 168 (70,9%) mulheres estiveram bastante satisfeitas com a estrutura da instituição, 119 (50,2%) com os cuidados profissionais prestados e 160 (67,5%) com o trabalho de parto e parto. Dentre os fatores que estiveram associados à experiência positiva com o parto, destaca-se a realização do contato pele a pele, o estímulo ao aleitamento materno e a utilização dos métodos não farmacológicos de alívio da dor. Conclusão: Para uma experiência mais positiva de parto, ressalta-se a importância de abordagens mais humanizadas que incentivem práticas como contato pele a pele e início precoce do aleitamento materno, além de garantir que profissionais de saúde forneçam cuidados holísticos. Descritores: Satisfação do Paciente; Enfermagem Obstétrica; Trabalho de Parto; PartoNormal; PartoHumanizado.

Objective:To describe the use of good practices in delivery and childbirth care and the satisfaction levels and experiences of puerperal women with their deliveries.Methods:A cross-sectional study conducted from July 2017 to January 2018 in a reference maternity hospital from Fortaleza, Ceará. The Childbirth Experience and Satisfaction Questionnaire and another one to assess the sociodemographic and obstetric data were used for data collection. The data were analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Science. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results:The participants were 237 puerperal women with a mean age of 26 years old. 168 (70.9%) women were quite satisfied with the institution's structure, 119 (50.2%) with the professional care provided, and 160 (67.5%) with labor and delivery. Among the factors that were associated with positive experiences with delivery, the most important are skin-to-skin contact, stimulating breastfeeding, and using non-pharmacological pain relief methods. Conclusion: For a more positive experience with delivery, it is worth emphasizing the importance of more humanized approaches that encourage practices such as skin-to-skin contact and early breastfeeding initiation, as well as ensuring that health professionals provide holistic care. Descriptors:Patient Satisfaction; Obstetric Nursing; Labor. Normal Delivery; Humanized Delivery.

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OBJECTIVE: to examine whether an underlying general psychopathology factor (p factor) existed in children and adolescents attending psychodynamic psychotherapy and whether this general psychopathology factor was associated with family functioning and engagement with psychotherapy. METHOD: Participants were 1976 children and adolescents, and their families, who sought psychodynamic psychotherapy from a community-based clinic in Southern Brazil. The Child Behavior Checklist and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales for assessing symptoms and family functioning were used, with treatment engagement data available through linked records. Confirmatory factor analytic methods examined psychopathology and regression models were constructed to examine associations. RESULTS: A general psychopathology factor and specific internalizing and externalizing factors were identified. Higher general psychopathology scores at assessment were associated with an increased likelihood of dropout and poorer attendance compared to completing treatment. Father's educational level, living with both parents, lack of family adaptability and cohesion, and maltreatment experience were related to increased p factor severity. CONCLUSION: General psychopathology severity seems to contribute to child and adolescent psychotherapy outcomes, increasing the risk of non-adherence and dropout. Family difficulties and traumatic experiences may increase p factor severity. Identifying general psychopathology routinely can be crucial for developing effective treatment plans.

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Objective: Evaluate the spirometry pattern of patients who persisted with respiratory symptoms after infection with SARS-Cov-2. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study in a single center, approved by the local Ethics Committee (registration number: 5,120,720). Patients who underwent spirometry due to Post-Covid Syndrome were evaluated to analyze the spirometric pattern presented. The following were collected: exam identification data, sex, age, symptom time, the need for mechanical ventilation, and quality of spirometry, in addition to the following exam parameters: FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEV 25-75/FVC, and FEV 75, evaluating the Lower Limit of Normality, pre-bronchodilator and post-bronchodilator values. Results: Data from 72 patients were collected. Of these, 55.5% of patients had spirometry results within normal limits. The most frequent respiratory alteration was obstructive respiratory disorder, present in 29.2% of the patients. Conclusions: The presence of dyspnea in patients with normal spirometry may indicate further evaluation of lung function and other etiologies for dyspnea (AU).

Objetivo: Avaliar o padrão de espirometria de pacientes que persistiram com sintomas respiratórios após a infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2. Métodos: Estudo transversal, observacional e retrospectivo realizado em um único centro, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética local (número do parecer: 5.120.720). Foram avaliados pacientes submetidos a espirometria devido à Síndrome Pós-Covid, a fim de analisar o padrão espirométrico apresentado. Os seguintes dados foram coletados: identificação do exame, sexo, idade, tempo de sintomas, necessidade de ventilação mecânica, qualidade da espirometria, além dos seguintes parâmetros do exame: CVF, VEF1, VEF1/CVF, VEF 25-75/CVF e VEF 75, avaliando o Limite Inferior da Normalidade, valores pré-broncodilatador e pós-broncodilatador. Resultados: Foram coletados dados de 72 pacientes. Destes, 55,5% apresentaram resultados espirométricos dentro dos limites normais. A alteração respiratória mais frequente foi o distúrbio ventilatório obstrutivo, presente em 29,2% dos pa-cientes. Conclusões: A presença de dispneia em pacientes com espirometria dentro da normalidade pode indicar uma avaliação adicional da função pulmonar, assim como outras etiologias para a dispneia (AU).

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During embryo development, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) acts as an important site for protein biosynthesis; however, in vitro culture (IVC) can negatively affect ER homeostasis. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of the supplementation of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), an ER stress inhibitor, in the IVC of bovine embryos. Two experiments were carried out: Exp. 1: an evaluation of blastocyst rate, hatching kinetics, and gene expression of hatched embryos after being treated with different concentrations of TUDCA (50, 200, or 1000 µM) in the IVC; Exp. 2: an evaluation of the re-expansion, hatching, and gene expression of hatched embryos previously treated with 200 µM of TUDCA at IVC and submitted to vitrification. There was no increase in the blastocyst and hatched blastocyst rates treated with TUDCA in the IVC. However, embryos submitted to vitrification after treatment with 200 µM of TUDCA underwent an increased hatching rate post-warming together with a down-regulation in the expression of ER stress-related genes and the accumulation of lipids. In conclusion, this work showed that the addition of TUDCA during in vitro culture can improve the cryotolerance of the bovine blastocyst through the putative modulation of ER and oxidative stress.

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Coinfection of HPgV-1 with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is common due to shared modes of transmission, with a prevalence of HPgV-1 viremia of approximately 20% among individuals with chronic HCV infection. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of HPgV-1 RNA and circulating genotypes in patients with hepatitis C from a health service located in the city of Belém, in the state of Pará, Northern Brazil. A total of 147 samples were included in the study from February to December 2019. Among the participants, 72.1% (106/147) were monoinfected with HCV, with detectable HCV viral RNA, and 27.9% (41/147) were coinfected with HCV/HPgV-1. The most frequently found genotypes were HPgV-1 genotypes 1 and 2 (36.6% and 63.4%), respectively. While for HCV there was a predominance of genotypes 1 and 3 (58.5% and 41.5%). No significant differences were found when comparing any risk, sociodemographic, or clinical factors between groups. Also, there was no statistically significant difference when relating the viral genotypes of both agents. This study indicated that the prevalence of infection by HPgV-1 is high in HCV carriers in Belém, Pará, and probably does not change the clinical course of HCV infection, however, further studies are still needed.

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Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Lawsonia intracellularis coinfection has been observed in the diagnostic routine; however, no studies have evaluated their interaction. This study aimed to characterize lesions and possible synergisms in experimentally infected pigs. Four groups of piglets, coinfection (CO), B. hyodysenteriae (BRA), L. intracellularis (LAW), and negative control (NEG), were used. Clinical signals were evaluated, and fecal samples were collected for qPCR. At 21 days post infection (dpi), all animals were euthanized. Gross lesions, bacterial isolation, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and fecal microbiome analyses were performed. Diarrhea started at 12 dpi, affecting 11/12 pigs in the CO group and 5/11 pigs in the BRA group. Histopathological lesions were significantly more severe in the CO than the other groups. B. hyodysenteriae was isolated from 11/12 pigs in CO and 5/11 BRA groups. Pigs started shedding L. intracellularis at 3 dpi, and all inoculated pigs tested positive on day 21. A total of 10/12 CO and 7/11 BRA animals tested positive for B. hyodysenteriae by qPCR. A relatively low abundance of microbiota was observed in the CO group. Clinical signs and macroscopic and microscopic lesions were significantly more severe in the CO group compared to the other groups. The presence of L. intracellularis in the CO group increased the severity of swine dysentery.

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The oocyte is the basis of life, supporting development from a fertilized cell to an independent multicellular organism. The oocyte's competence to drive the first cell cycles postfertilization are critical to embryonic survival and subsequent successful pregnancy. Coupled with the complex processes of follicle assembly, activation, differentiation, growth, and terminal maturation, oocyte developmental competence is gradually acquired during oocyte growth and meiotic maturation. Most reproduction management technologies and interventions are centered around these highly coordinated processes, targeting the ovarian follicle and the oocyte within. Thus, our objective was to highlight key aspects of oocyte and follicle development in cattle, and to discuss recent advances in oocyte and follicle-centered reproductive biotechnologies.

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The effect of daily ingestion of polypropylene microplastic on the health of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, was evaluated. 60 fish (± 200 g) were placed in 6 aquariums (n = 10, 100 L each), constituting the following treatments: Control (without the addition of polymer), fed with 100 and 500 µg of polypropylene/kg of body weight (b.w.), respectively. After 30 days of feeding, the animals were submitted to blood collection for hemogram and biochemical study and later euthanized for gut microbiological analysis, somatic index of liver, spleen, heart, kidney, stomach, and intestine. In the serum biochemical study, an increase in cholesterol and serum Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) activity levels was observed in animals treated with 500 µg of polypropylene. Tilapia-fed polypropylene in the diet showed an increase in thrombocyte and total leukocyte counts, marked by a significant increase in the number of circulating lymphocytes. The results of the somatic study revealed a significant increase in the stomach, liver, and heart of tilapia fed with the polymer. Increase in the number of Gram-negative microorganisms and decrease in mesophilic aerobic microorganisms were observed in the gut of fish exposed to the polymer, including a dose-response effect was observed for these analyses. Therefore, tilapias fed daily with diets containing polypropylene for 30 consecutive days showed deleterious effects, resulting in systemic inflammatory disturbs by altering liver functions, leukocyte profile, and organ morphometry, as well as changes in the intestinal microbiota. Such results demonstrate the impairment of fish health, highlighting the need for further studies that evaluate the impact of microplastics on aquatic organisms.

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