RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Motor control issues are common for people with intellectual disabilities (PWID), resulting in difficulties with basic activities of daily living, including eating. Mastication, which is crucial for digestion and overall health, is poorly understood in this population. PWID shows frailty similar to older people, highlighting the importance of comparing masticatory motor control with older adults. This study compared the neuromuscular control of the masticatory muscles in middle-aged, PWID and older adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical design was used. During the mastication task of a carrot piece (2 cm in diameter and weighing 0.5 g), surface electromyography was used to record muscle activity patterns from the right and left masseter and temporalis muscles. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess neuromuscular control. A z-score normalisation of the first component's variance from PCA to identify those individuals with altered neuromuscular control. A mixed ANOVA was performed to assess the interaction between principal components, groups and body composition. RESULTS: Thirty PWIDs (aged 35-55 years), middle-aged adults and 32 older adults were recruited. PWID and older adults showed decreased neuromuscular control of the masticatory muscles compared to middle-aged control adults (P < 0.05). PWID had the highest proportion of individuals with altered neuromuscular control of the masticatory muscle (53%) compared to older adults (19%) and middle-aged adults (0%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that PWID and older adults have reduced neuromuscular control compared to middle-aged adults. Notably, a significant proportion of the PWID showed altered masticatory muscle control compared to older adults. Further research is needed to explore the potential benefits of masticatory muscle training for PWID.

Assuntos

Deficiência Intelectual , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Idoso , Atividades Cotidianas , Estudos Transversais , Músculos da Mastigação/fisiologia

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Antibody (Ab) tests for SARS-CoV-2 virus allows for the estimation of incidence, level of exposure and duration of immunity acquired by a previous infection. In health workers, the hospital setting might convey a greater risk of infection. AIMS: To describe the frequency of immunoglobulin G (IgG) Abs (IgG-Abs) to the SARS-CoV-2 virus among workers at a third-level university hospital in Colombia. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we included medical and non-medical personnel with at least one real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)/antigen test between March 2020 and March 2021. In April 2021, an IgG-Ab test against SARS-CoV-2 was conducted for all participants and replicated 2 weeks later in a random sample (10%). The frequency of IgG-Abs is presented based on status (positive/negative) and time elapsed since RT-PCR/antigen test (<3 months, 3-6 months, >6 months). RESULTS: We included 1021 workers (80% women, median age 34 years (interquartile range 28-42), 73% medical personnel, 23% with previous positive RT-PCR/antigen). The overall seroprevalence was 35% (95% CI 31.6-37.4, 35% in medical and 33% in non-medical personnel). For those with a previous positive RT-PCR/antigen test, the seroprevalence was 90% (<3 months), 82% (3-6 months) and 48% (>6 months). In participants with a previous negative RT-PCR/antigen test, the seroprevalence was 17% (<3 months), 21% (3-6 months) and 29% (>6 months). CONCLUSIONS: High IgG-Ab positivity was found in hospital personnel, regardless of work activities. The prevalence of detectable Abs differed by previous RT-PCR/antigen status and time elapsed since the diagnostic test.

Assuntos

COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Masculino , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Estudos Transversais , Imunoglobulina G , Pessoal de Saúde , Recursos Humanos em Hospital , Hospitais

RESUMO

La enfermedad cardiovascular es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en Chile, según resultados entregados por la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2017 un 3,3% de la población ha presentado un infarto agudo al miocardio, un 2,6% reporta haber sufrido un ataque cerebrovascular, el 74% de los chilenos presenta obesidad y un 87% sedentarismo, siendo la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) con un 12% y la hipertensión arterial con un 28% resultados que preocupan por su importante incremento. La investigación tuvo un diseño observacional de corte transversal. Se realizó en 69 pacientes con DM2 e hipertensos esenciales, entre 40 y 80 años de edad, pertenecientes al Sistema salud municipal (SMS) y privado (SPS) en la ciudad de Iquique. Se realizó encuesta alimentaria, medición antropométrica y exámenes bioquímicos y presión arterial. Al analizar ambos grupos se destaca los siguientes resultados: actividad física 17,24% SPS y 42,5% en SSM, presión arterial controlada 55,2% SPS y 87,5% en SSM, control de hemoglobina glicosilada 26,9% SPS y 52,5% en SSM, colesterol total alterado 17,9% SPS y 45% en SSM, síntomas depresivos 96,5% SPS y 26,3% en SSM. Se evidenció una prevalencia de mal nutrición por exceso de un 89,7% SPS y 95% SSM, riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) según circunferencia de cintura (CC) 96,5% SPS y 92,3% SSM. En relación a la encuesta alimentaria se observó que un 44,8% en usuarios SPS y 52,5% de SSM presentaron consumo alimentario hipercalórico. Los usuarios de atención privada y pública presentaron factores de riesgo cardiovascular, donde destacan la obesidad, sedentarismo y RCV según CC. Al comparar ambos grupos los usuarios SPS presentan menor control metabólico de su enfermedad y factores de riesgo cardiovascular aumentados en relación a los usuarios SSM.

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Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in Chile, according to the results provided by the 2017 National Health Survey, 3.3% of the population has presented acute myocardial infarction, 2.6% reported have suffered a cerebrovascular accident, 74% of Chileans are obese and 87% have sedentary behavior, belonging to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) into 12% and arterial hypertension into 28%, alarming results due to their significant increase. The research had a cross-sectional observational study design. 69 patients with DM2 and essential hypertensive patients, between 40 and 80 years of age were studied, belonging to the municipal (SSM) and private (SPS) health systems in the city of Iquique. A food intake survey, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical and blood pressure tests were taken. When analyzing both groups, the following results stand out: physical activity 17.24% in SPS and 42.5% in SSM, controlled blood pressure 55.2% in SPS and 87.5% in SSM, controlled glycosylated hemoglobin 26.9% in SPS and 52.5% in SSM, altered values of total cholesterol 17.9% in SPS and 45% in SSM, depression symptoms 96.5% in SPS and 26.3% in SSM. Prevalence of malnutrition due to excess 89.7% in SPS and 95% in SSM, cardiovascular risk (RCV) according to waist circumference (CC) 96.5% in SPS and 92.3% in SSM were evidenced. In relation to the food intake survey, it was observed that 44.8% of SPS users and 52.5% of SSM users consume hypercaloric diet. The users of private and public care presented cardiovascular risk factors, where the obesity, sedentary lifestyle and RCV related to CC stand out. When comparing both groups, SPS users have less control of their disease in relation to SSM users.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Sistemas Locais de Saúde , Diagnóstico Clínico , Inquéritos Nutricionais/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Ingestão de Alimentos , Comportamento Sedentário , Fatores Sociológicos , Instituições Privadas de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Hipertensão/complicações , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Estilo de Vida , Obesidade/epidemiologia

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Total gastrectomy is utilized in different pathologies. Esophagojejunostomy leakage is a frequent complication. Our aim was to determine the association of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with esophagojejunostomy leakage that subsequently required invasive treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study included patients that underwent esophagojejunostomy within the time frame of 2002-2017. Patients were grouped into those with or without anastomotic leakage that had conservative treatment (group A) and those with anastomotic leakage that had invasive treatment (group B). ROC curves and the Youden index were used for the optimum cutoff values of the NLR. RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients were included. Thirty-two (56.14%) were men, and mean patient age was 61.8 ± 13.4 years. Forty-five patients were assigned to group A and 12 to group B. Mean NLR was higher for group B on postoperative day 3 (group A 9.5 ± 7.5 vs. group B 13.9 ± 4.9) (p = 0.05). Mean total leukocytes was higher in group B on postoperative day 5 (group A 7.8 ± 3.4 × 103/mcl vs. group B 10.3 ± 4.4 × 103/mcl) (p = 0.03). NLR and total leukocyte accuracy on postoperative day 3 was calculated with ROC curves, at 0.78 and 0.63, respectively. For the NLR and leukocyte count, sensitivity was 91.7% and 58%, specificity was 64.4% and 60%, positive predictive value was 40% and 28%, and negative predictive value was 96% and 84%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperatively, the NLR identified the total gastrectomy with esophagojejunostomy patients that subsequently required an invasive procedure secondary to esophagojejunostomy leakage.

Assuntos

Esofagoplastia , Gastrectomia , Idoso , Anastomose Cirúrgica , Fístula Anastomótica/diagnóstico , Gastrectomia/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Sixty percent of the patients with gastric carcinomas are candidates for surgical resection through total gastrectomy and esophagojejunostomy, the latter of which is associated with leaks in up to 12.3% of cases. There is no standardized procedure for diagnosing anastomotic leaks. The aim of the present study was to establish the diagnostic sensitivity of the contrast-enhanced swallow study for detecting esophagojejunostomy leakage after total gastrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients that underwent total gastrectomy due to gastric adenocarcinoma, within the time frame of 2002 and 2017. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory factors were identified, emphasizing the clinical and radiologic detection of anastomotic leaks. Descriptive statistics were carried out and the sensitivity of the contrast-enhanced swallow study for diagnosing leakage was calculated. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients were included in the study. Their mean age was 61.5 years. A total of 55.2% of the patients were men and 44.8% were women. Gastric adenocarcinoma was the indication for gastrectomy in 100% of the cases. Anastomotic leak presented in 31.01% of the patients. Diagnostic sensitivity of the contrast-enhanced swallow study for detecting leaks was 66%. CONCLUSIONS: According to our analysis, the contrast-enhanced swallow study had limited diagnostic efficiency for detecting anastomotic leaks, with a sensitivity of 66%. We suggest maintaining high diagnostic suspicion in patients with studies that are initially negative and basing decisions on a more extensive approach.

Assuntos

Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Fístula Anastomótica/diagnóstico por imagem , Meios de Contraste , Esôfago/cirurgia , Gastrectomia , Jejuno/cirurgia , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiografia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade

RESUMO

Introduction: diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) is incorporated into the Law of Universal Access with Explicit Guarantees (AUGE) and the Ministry of Health issued a clinical guideline. There is an association between compliance with clinical guidelines and health outcomes. Metabolic control reduces the risk of vascular complications. Objective: To describe the implementation of the guidelines for DM1 AUGE 2013, in patients treated in the endocrinological adult polyclinic hospital Carlos Van Buren. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. A simple random sampling was performed. A sample size of 139 patients was calculated. Quality indicators was drawn up to determine compliance with the recommendations. Quantitative variables were described with median and interquartile range (IQR), and qualitative, with absolute frequency and percentages. Results: Age had a median of 30 years (interquartile range 22 to 42 years). The time since diagnosis had a median of 14 years (interquartile range of 9-22 years). 61 patients were female (43.9 percent) sex. The recommendation was greater proportion of compliance scheme using intensified insulin (89.9 percent). Conducting an annual foot exam showed the lowest compliance (3.6 percent). Discussion: There are no similar studies on these guidelines. It is concerned about the low implementation of the recommendations, especially therapeutic goals. Among the limitations is the quality of the registration system and the systematic omission of variables. It is necessary to determine the cause of low compliance with recommendations for action.

Assuntos

Humanos , Atenção Secundária à Saúde/normas , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Estudo Observacional

RESUMO

Background: currently, functional foods are the type of foods of most interest to the modern consumer, due to the health benefits they provide. Objectives: Optimize the spray drying process to obtain cape gooseberry powder added with active compounds. Methods: A process of spray drying was carried out to obtain a powder from cape gooseberry suspensions added with vitamin C, iron, folic acid, isolated soy protein and dietary fiber. The drying process was optimized according to the characteristics of food formulations and operating conditions, obtaining a product with low hygroscopicity, high solubility and high levels of physiologically active compounds. Response surface methodology was used, considering a central composite design with four factors: maltodextrin (0-40%p/p), inlet air temperature (170-210°C), atomizer disc speed (16000-24000 rpm) and outlet air temperature (75-95°C). Results: The results showed a higher retention of vitamin C (69.7±0.7%), folic acid (90.9±1.8%) and iron (90.8±1.0%) with the food formulation containing a 24.4% of maltodextrin and the drying process defined by an atomizer disc speed of 19848 rpm and inlet and outlet air temperature of 194.2°C and 87.7°C, respectively. Conclusions: The spray drying process is an effective technology that provides added value to the fruit of cape gooseberry, allowing the incorporation and conservation of active compounds such as iron, folic acid and ascorbic acid.

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Antecedentes: Actualmente, los alimentos funcionales son la gama de alimentos de mayor interés para el consumidor moderno, debido a los beneficios saludables que estos proporcionan. Objetivo: Optimizar el proceso de secado por aspersión para la obtención de uchuva en polvo adicionado con componentes activos. Métodos: Suspensiones de uchuva adicionadas con vitamina C, hierro, ácido fólico, proteína de soya texturizada y fibra fueron sometidas a secado por aspersión para la obtención de un producto en polvo fortificado. El proceso de secado fue optimizado de acuerdo con las características de formulación de la suspensión y condiciones de operación del secador con el objetivo de obtener un producto en polvo con baja higroscopicidad, alta solubilidad y altos niveles de compuestos fisiológicamente activos. Se utilizó la metodología de superficie de respuesta, considerando un diseño central compuesto con 4 factores: maltodextrina (0-40%p/p), temperatura del aire de entrada (170-210°C), velocidad del disco atomizador (16000-24000 rpm) y temperatura del aire de salida (75-95°C). Resultados: Los resultados mostraron una mayor retención de vitamina C (69,7±0,7%), ácido fólico (90,9±1,8%) e hierro (90,8±1,0%) con la formulación de la suspensión que contiene un 24,4% de maltodextrina y condiciones de operación del proceso de secado definidas por una velocidad de disco atomizador de 19848 rpm y temperatura del aire a la entrada y salida de 194,2°C y 87,7°C, respectivamente. Conclusiones: El proceso de secado por aspersión es una tecnología efectiva que proporciona valor agregado al fruto de uchuva, permitiendo la incorporación y conservación de componentes activos como hierro, ácido fólico y ácido ascórbico.

Assuntos

Humanos , Physalis , Alimento Funcional , Conservação de Alimentos , Frutas

RESUMO

Background: Guacamole is a sauce or dressing composed of avocado pulp and other ingredients. Guacamole powder is an important advance in the generation of value added for the avocado chain, as it is an alternative product with the potential to be used by the final consumer. Objectives: The aim of this study was to standardize the spray drying process for guacamole powder using the response surface methodology. Methods: Four independent variables were taken into account for the experiment design: atomizing disk speed (ADS), air inlet temperature (AIT), air outlet temperature (AOT) and vacuum pressure (VP). In addition, the following dependent variables were considered: water activity (aw), moisture (Xw), solubility (S), hygroscopicity (H), color (L*, a* and b*), extractable oil content (EO), peroxide index (PI) and particle size (D10, D50 and D90). Likewise, the following two dependent variables associated with the process were identified: yield (Y) and deposit formation (DF). Results: The best conditions for the process were obtained with ADS = 27451 rpm, AIT = 168ºC, AOT = 90ºC and VP = 1.77 ″H2O. These conditions yielded guacamole powder with the desired properties, namely: maximum Y, S, L*, b*, EO and minimal DF, aw, Xw, H, a*, PI, D10, D50, D90. Conclusions: The spray drying process is an effective technology that provides added value to avocado, the ADS being the independent variable that has the greatest impact on the quality of powdered guacamole.

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Antecedentes: El guacamole es una salsa o aderezo compuesto por pulpa de aguacate y otros ingredientes. El guacamole en polvo representa un avance importante en la generación de valor agregado de la cadena del aguacate, al identificarse como un producto alternativo con potencial uso por el consumidor final. Objetivos: El objetivo del presente estudio fue estandarizar el proceso de secado por aspersión para la obtención de guacamole en polvo, utilizando la metodología de superficie de respuesta. Métodos: Para el diseño experimental se consideró cuatro variables independientes: velocidad del disco atomizador (VDA), temperatura de entrada de aire (TEA), temperatura de salida de aire (TSA) y presión de vacío (PV). Además, se consideraron las siguientes variables dependientes: actividad de agua (aw), humedad (Xw), solubilidad (S), higroscopicidad (H), color (L* , a* y b* ), contenido de aceite extraíble (AE), índice de peróxido (IP) y tamaño de partícula (D10, D50 y D90). Además, se determinaron dos variables dependientes asociadas al proceso, rendimiento (Y), y la formación de depósito (FD). Resultados: La mejor condición de proceso se alcanzó con VDA = 27451 rpm, TEA = 168ºC, TSA = 90ºC y PV = 1,77 ″H2O. En esta condición se obtuvo guacamole en polvo con propiedades deseadas máximo R, S, L*, b*, AE y mínima FD, aw, Xw, H, a* , IP, D10, D50, D90. Conclusiones: El proceso de secado por aspersión es una tecnología efectiva que proporciona valor agregado al aguacate, siendo la VDA la variable independiente que mayor afectación tiene sobre la calidad del guacamole en polvo.

Assuntos

Humanos , Persea , Produção de Alimentos , Otimização de Processos , Alimentos em Conserva

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: Antibiotic-resistant Salmonella strains were isolated from saladette and red round type tomatoes, and an analysis done of the antibacterial activity of roselle calyx extracts against any of the identified strains. One hundred saladette tomato samples and 100 red round tomato samples were collected from public markets. Each sample consisted of four whole tomatoes. Salmonella was isolated from the samples by conventional culture procedure. Susceptibility to 16 antibiotics was tested for the isolated Salmonella strains by standard test. The antibacterial effect of four roselle calyx extracts (water, methanol, acetone and ethyl acetate), sodium hypochlorite and acetic acid against antibiotic-resistant Salmonella isolates was evaluated on contaminated tomatoes. Twenty-four Salmonella strains were isolated from 12% of each tomato type. Identified Salmonella serotypes were Typhimurium and Typhi. All isolated strains exhibited resistance to at least three antibiotics and some to as many as 12. Over contaminated tomatoes, the roselle calyx extracts produced a greater reduction (2-2·6 log) in antibiotic-resistant Salmonella strain concentration than sodium hypochlorite and acetic acid. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The presence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in vegetables is a significant public health concern. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains were isolated from raw tomatoes purchased in public markets in Mexico and challenged with roselle Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extracts, sodium hypochlorite and acetic acid. On tomatoes, the extracts caused a greater reduction in the concentration of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella strains than sodium hypochlorite and acetic acid. Roselle calyx extracts are a potentially useful addition to disinfection procedures of raw tomatoes in the field, processing plants, restaurants and homes.

Assuntos

Ácido Acético/farmacologia , Desinfetantes/farmacologia , Hibiscus/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Salmonella typhi/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipoclorito de Sódio/farmacologia , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Desinfecção/métodos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/microbiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/prevenção & controle , México , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Salmonella typhi/isolamento & purificação , Salmonella typhimurium/isolamento & purificação

RESUMO

Bite mark evidence has been repeatedly found in criminal cases. Physical comparison of a bite mark to the teeth of available suspects may not always be possible. Experimental studies have shown that the analysis of DNA present in the saliva recovered from bite marks might help in the identification of individuals. However, the application of this approach to an actual criminal case has been reported only once before in forensic literature. Therefore, there is very limited scientific and technical information available on this subject. The current study focuses on a woman found dead in her home; the autopsy ruled the death to be a result of manual strangulation. A bite mark was found on each breast. The single swab technique was used to collect evidence from these bite marks, and an organic extraction method was employed for DNA isolation. Short tandem repeat (STR) sequence typing was performed using a commercially available kit, and the result was compared to the STR profile of a suspect. A full single-source STR profile was obtained from both bite marks, which matched the STR profile of the suspect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second report on the analysis of DNA isolated from bite marks on the victim used to identify the crime perpetrator. Our results indicated that, contrary to most theoretical indications, a single swab technique for evidence collection and an organic method for DNA isolation could be very useful in solving this class of criminal cases.

Assuntos

Mordeduras e Picadas/diagnóstico , DNA/isolamento & purificação , Biologia Molecular/métodos , Saliva/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade

RESUMO

Antecedentes: Los procesos de optimización experimental, representan una herramienta efectiva para el mejoramiento de la calidad de los productos, contribuyendo en la diversificación de productos en la cadena de uchuva, como frutos promisorios de exportación. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue optimizar el proceso de liofilización para obtener uchuvas (Physalis peruviana L.) semiesféricas adicionadas con componentes activos y de excelentes atributos de calidad. Métodos: Las muestras semiesféricas (3 - 4 g) fueron tratadas inicialmente por impregnación al vacío con una emulsión que contenía proteína de soja, sucralosa, tensoactivos, calcio, vitamina D3 (Colecalciferol), vitamina E (DL-α-tocoferol acetato) y vitamina B9 . La optimización experimental del proceso de liofilización se realizó con un diseño factorial 22 con el fin de determinar la condición óptima de operación, utilizando como variables independientes la velocidad de calentamiento de la placa (ºC/min) y el tiempo de sostenimiento a la temperatura de la placa para cada segmento del proceso y como variables dependientes: concentración de los componentes con actividad fisiológica, actividad de agua, humedad, textura, color y tiempo total de proceso. Resultados: Se identificó una influencia de las condiciones del proceso sobre las variables de respuesta, donde una porción de 49 g de uchuvas liofilizadas alcanzó contenidos superiores al 20% del valor diario de referencia de vitamina D y entre el 10 y 20% del valor diario de referencia en calcio y vitaminas B9, C y E; permitiendo identificar al producto como "Excelente fuente de vitamina D" y "Buena fuente de calcio y vitaminas B9, C, E", según la normativa colombiana. La condición óptima de proceso se alcanzó a una velocidad de calentamiento de placa de 0,04 ºC/min y un tiempo de sostenimiento de la temperatura de la placa de 1,2 h. Conclusiones: La aplicación integrada de procesos de impregnación al vacío y liofilización, representan una alternativa importante en el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales en el fruto de uchuva.

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Introduction: Experimental optimization processes represent an effective tool for improving the quality of products, contributing to the diversification of products in the agricultural value chain of cape gooseberry, as promising export fruit. Aim: The aim of this study was to optimize the freeze-drying process to obtain hemispherical cape gooseberries (Physalis peruviana L.) with added active compounds, and with excellent quality attributes. Methods: The hemispherical samples (3 - 4 g) were initially treated by vacuum impregnation with an emulsion containing soybean protein, sucralose, surfactants, calcium, vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), vitamin E (DL-α-tocopherol acetate) and vitamin B9. The experimental optimization of the freeze-drying was performed using a factorial design 22 to determine the optimum operating condition, using as independent variables the rate of heating plate (°C/min) and holding time at the temperature of the plate for each segment of the process and as dependent variables: concentration of physiologically active components, water activity, moisture content, texture, color and total processing time. Results: An influence of process conditions on the response variables was identified, where a portion of 49 g of freeze-dried gooseberries reached over 20% content of daily reference value (DRV) of vitamin D and between 10 and 20% of DRV in calcium and vitamin B9, C and E; allowing to identify the product as "Excellent source of vitamin D" and "Good source of calcium and vitamin B9, C, E", according to Colombian regulations. The optimal process condition was reached at a 0.04 °C/min heating rate of plate and a 1.2 h holding time of the plate temperature. Conclusions: The application of the integrated processes of vacuum impregnation and freeze-drying show an important technological alternative to development of functional foods from the fruit of cape gooseberry.

Assuntos

Humanos , Physalis , Liofilização , Alimento Funcional , Melhoria de Qualidade

RESUMO

Antecedentes: En Colombia, el fruto de la uchuva (Physalis peruviana) está identificado como un fruto promisorio de exportación, por lo que la mejora de su procesamiento representa contribuir a una mayor competitividad de la cadena. Objetivos: el objetivo de este trabajo fue optimizar en función de parámetros fisicoquímicos y reológicos la formulación de una suspensión a base de pulpa de uchuva mezclada con los aditivos maltodextrina (MD) y goma arábiga (GA) con fines de ser utilizada en secado por atomización. Métodos: La optimización se realizó aplicando un diseño experimental central compuesto mediante superficie de respuesta con dos factores (MD y GA) y variables de respuesta (densidad, ºBrix, aw, pH, y parámetros reológicos). Resultados: La caracterización reológica de las suspensiones mostró un comportamiento tipo adelgazante con esfuerzo de cedencia (Modelo de Hershel-Bulkley). La suspensión que mejor se ajustó a los criterios de optimización para fines de secado por atomización fue para la formulación basada en MD (24%) y GA (0%) con caracterización reológica de Herschel-Bulkley tipo adelgazante con índice de consistencia (K= 0,119±0,017 Pa.sn), índice de potencia (n=0,75±0,03) y esfuerzo de cedencia (τo= 0,092±0,069 Pa). Los resultados para las propiedades fisicoquímicas en el punto optimizado fueron densidad = 1,167±0,005 g/mL, °Brix = 35,5±0,5, aw = 0,974±0,002. El pH y τo no fueron estadísticamente significativos (p>0,05) en la formulación de las suspensiones. Conclusiones: La optimización experimental representa una herramienta importante que permitió obtener una formulación de uchuva con MD y GA apta para secado por aspersión, representando un ahorro en tiempo y dinero para el investigador y la industria.

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Background: In Colombia, the Cape gooseberry fruit (Physalis peruviana) is identified as a promising export fruit, so improving its processing is contributing to greater competitiveness of the chain. Objectives: The aim of this study was to optimize suspension of cape gooseberry pulp mixed with gum arabic (GA) and maltodextrin (MD) with the purpose of being used in spray drying. Methods: The optimization was performed using a central composite design with response surface of two factors (MD and GA) and response variables (density, ° Brix, water activity (aw), pH, and rheological parameters). Results: The rheological characterization of the suspensions showed a shear thinning behavior with yield stress (Herschel-Bulkley Model). The results indicated that best suspension to be used in spray drying would be formulated with MD (24%) and GA (0%) showing a rheological response of Herschel-Bulkley fluid with consistency index (K=0.119±0.017 Pa-sn), power index (n=0.75±0.03) and yield stress (τo=0,092±0,069 Pa). To the optimized condition, the results for the physicochemical properties were density (1.167 ± 0.005 g/mL), °Brix (35.5±0.5), aw (0.974±0.002). Additionally, the pH and τo of Herschel Bulkley model was not statistically significant (p>0.05) in the suspension formulation. Conclusions: The experimental optimization is an important tool that allowed us to obtain a formulation of gooseberry with MD and GA suitable for spray drying, representing a saving in time and money for research and industry.

Assuntos

Humanos , Physalis , Reologia , Dextrinas , Goma Arábica

RESUMO

The Malignant Struma ovarii (SO) is a thyroid carcinoma generated in a mature teratoma, constitutes 0.8-3percent of ovarian tumors. Then, two cases will be reviewed. Case 1: 46 year old woman with no known morbid consulted for right iliac fossa pain requiring exploratory laparotomy with findings of an ovarian tumor, the biopsy reported mature ovarian teratoma SO type microfocus papillary thyroid carcinoma. Case 2: 59 year old female with a history of dyslipidemia and knee osteoarthritis in controls in gynecology since 2010 on the right adnexal mass of cystic type of 5x3 cm. The study showed only free fluid dissemination ovarian, oofectomía bilateral was performed and biopsy showed minimally invasive follicular carcinoma (2.8 cm) developed by SO, serosa without invasion of the ovary. Is derived of endocrinology and the study showed: thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 3.3 uIU/ ml; Peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) and thyroglobulin antibody (antiTG) negative. Ultrasonography exhibited thyroid nodule of 0.8 x 0.6 cm, hipovascularizado with normal thyroid cintigraphy and cytology negative for neoplastic cells in fine needle aspiration (FNA). Discussion: It’s a rare condition, which requires a multidisciplinary approach to treatment...

Assuntos

Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carcinoma Papilar/diagnóstico , Estruma Ovariano/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Papilar/cirurgia , Estruma Ovariano/cirurgia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Teratoma

RESUMO

Background: Functional Foods are considered nowadays by consumers as the range of foods of major interest. Objectives: The aim of the present work was the evaluation of color, texture and sensorial properties of fresh Cape Gooseberry (FG) and vacuum impregnated Cape Gooseberry (IG) with calcium and vitamins B9, C, D and E during storage at 4ºC. Methods: Entire cape gooseberries were vacuum impregnated (VI) with tocopherol and cholecalciferol emulsified in aqueous phase with sucrose, ascorbic acid, folic acid, calcium chloride, calcium fumarate, low methoxyl pectin, isolated soy protein, tensoactives and preservatives. The texture was determined from puncture assays, and the color from the CIE Lab coordinates. The sensorial profile was determined with the aid of trained panelists, through a multidimensional approach of characteristic descriptors of general appearance, odor, taste and texture. Results: The instrumental values of color and texture for IG were significantly different from the FG, because are being softer, more elastic, darker, brighter and of less color saturation. The samples of FG and IG presented intense sensorial characteristics in the descriptors orange color, brightness, spherical uniformity, smooth surface, fresh appearance, odor, cape gooseberry characteristic taste and frutal, fleshy texture, juicy, firmness and turgidity. By the effect of VI process the most relevant significant differences were the descriptors orange color, superficial stains, fresh appearance, sweet taste and cape gooseberry characteristic taste, soft texture, firmness and juicy; whereas for the effect of storage time were fresh appearance, dehydrated appearance, peduncle cicatrization, aromatic odor, overripe, cape gooseberry characteristic taste, frutal taste, soft texture, juicy, firmness and turgidity. Conclusions: The VI significantly affects the objective assessment of color and texture, finding correspondence with the sensorial evaluation...

Assuntos

Cor , Frutas

RESUMO

The present work aims at develop of a cookie with added omega 3. Three different commercial forms of omega 3 were evaluated as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and ecoisapentaenoic acid (EPA) (emulsion, powder and oil) at different omega 3 (ω3): omega 6 (ω6) ratios (1:5, 1:8, 1:10). A multistage factorial system was used to evaluate, in general, the rheology of the dough, along with the texture, moisture, color, and aw of the cookies after baking. During the storage, the concentration of ω3 is evaluated as linolenic acid, ω6 as linoleic acid. DHA, EPA and sensory attributes of the final product are also evaluated. Through the elaboration of the dough, it was encountered that the emulsion and oil commercial forms of ω3 best performed the rheological test, at the ratios of 1:8 and 1:10, while for the cookies elaboration the best combination is emulsion form at ratio of 1:10; which is stored under extreme conditions (40 ± 2°C y 75 ± 5% RH) for a 60 days period, presenting good acceptance from a semi-trained panel and a decrease in the concentration of ω3 fatty acids as DHA + EPA of approximately 6%.

Assuntos

Alimento Funcional , Biscoitos

RESUMO

We study the interaction distance in the lateral force detection, using a standard quartz tuning fork as a force transducer. That is the distance at which the interaction sample-probe starts to be detected. We study in particular the dependence on the approaching angle. For angles smaller than 0.366 radians, we found an exponential behavior of the interaction distance as a function of the approaching angle. We show an equation that adjusts well with the experimental data, and discuss the possible phenomena.

RESUMO

Objetivo. Evaluar la influencia de diferentes empaques y atmósferas sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas del hongo comestible Pleurotus ostreatus. Materiales y métodos. Los hongos fueron almacenados durante 15 días a 4ºC, utilizando tres empaques: 1) espuma de poliestireno con película de recubrimiento de polivinil cloruro (empaque comercial), 2) Polietilentereftalato con películas de recubrimiento de polipropileno biorientado y 3) polietileno de baja densidad y tres atmósferas de envasado: 1) Aire, 2) 100% N2 y 3) 10% O2, 10% CO2 y 80% N2. Después de almacenados se derminaron los posibles cambios de las variables fisicoquímicas (pH, acidez, °Brix, humedad, cloruros, color y textura) Resultados. Las muestras presentaron diferencias estadísticas en los parámetros fisicoquímicos del hongo fresco por efecto de los factores tiempo, empaque y atmósfera. Los rangos de variación se consideraron aceptables debido a las características propias del producto, como ente biológico que continua con sus procesos metabólicos. Los cambios de color en las condiciones de control (Grupo 1: Empacado Comercial y Grupo 1: Atmósfera Aire) no fueron muy acentuados, siendo instrumentalmente más apreciable, sin llegar a serlo para el observador. La textura en todos los casos presentó una disminución en la resistencia mecánica, debido a los posibles procesos fermentativos y al deterioro por la alta tasa metabólica. Conclusiones. Los resultados permiten identificar que no hubo un efecto apreciable del empaque y de las atmósferas modificadas en las propiedades fisicoquímicas del hongo Pleurotus ostreatus, lo que hace que el empaque comercial sea más práctico por efecto de costos de producción.

Assuntos

Atmosfera , Fungos

RESUMO

Objetivo. Evaluar la respuesta a la impregnación al vacio (IV) en apio y pepino, con soluciones isotónicas de NaCl. Materiales y métodos. Se determinaron variables de impregnación en troncos de apio y rodajas de pepino (3 posiciones diferentes a lo largo de su estructura), considerando, fracción y deformación volumétrica en la etapa de vacío (X1 y g1) y atmosférica (X y g), y la porosidad disponible (Ee) al proceso IV. Resultados. El apio y pepino no presentaron diferencias estadísticas por efecto de la posición. En las etapas de proceso se obtuvieron para el apio y el pepino valores de X1 (-14.32 ± 2.75 y -5.51±1.76%, g1 (-0.587±0.69 y -0.079±0.99%), X(13.49±2.32 y 6.72±2.72%), g (-1.40±1.042% y -2.33±1.26%) y Ee (15.73±2.31 y 9.35±2.57%), respectivamente. Estos resultados indicaron una salida de líquido nativo (X1<0) y una ligera contracción volumétrica de las estructuras (g y g1<0), lo cual se evidenció microestructuralmente. Conclusiones. La respuesta a la IV en apio y pepino, permite identificar estas matrices alimentarias, como aptas para la incorporación de componentes que le proporcionen un valor agregado a estos productos.

Assuntos

Animais , Apium , Cucumis sativus , Manipulação de Alimentos , Verduras

RESUMO

During the last decade, the development of functional food has grown as the demand has increased significantly. The Group Functional Foods Research (GAF) of the National University of Colombia, Headquarters Medellin; applies the matrix engineering as the methodology to obtain these, adding antioxidant vitamins, minerals, pro-biotics, among others, in the structure of the fruits. Aim of this study was to develop cape gooseberry minimally processed inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum in glucose solution, using it as mechanism of incorporating the vacuum impregnation technique. Impregnated samples and stored at 4ºC, at time 0,5,10 and 15 days, counting showed 1J52 +/- 0,6 x 109 CFU/100g fresh cape gooseberry. Having dairy products as a referent to consider food as probiotic (106 CFU/day), an agreement can be made based on the results. The fruit cape gooseberry inoculated with L. plantarum presents these characteristics, providing an improvement in the consumer's diet. The development of innovative products like fruits minimally processed with probiotic microorganisms represents an advance in research and development that reinforces the growing culture food consumption that favors health.

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En la última década el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales ha evolucionado y su demanda se ha incrementado notablemente. El grupo de Investigación en Alimentos Funcionales (GAF) de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, aplica la Ingeniería de Matrices como metodología de obtención de estos, adicionando vitaminas antioxidantes, minerales, probióticos, entre otros, en la estructura de los frutos. El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar uchuva mínimamente procesada, inoculada con Lactobacillus plantarum en solución de glucosa, utilizando como mecanismo de incorporación la técnica de impregnación a vacío. Las muestras impregnadas y almacenadas a 4ºC, en los tiempos deO, 5, 10 y 15 días; presentaron conteos de 1,52 +/- 0,6 x 10(9) UFC/100g uchuva fresca. Teniendo como referente los productos lácteos para considerar un alimento como probiótico (10(6) UFC/día), se puede decir de acuerdo con los resultados, que la uchuva inoculada con L. plantarum presenta estas características y puede proporcionar un mejoramiento en la salud del consumidor. El desarrollo de productos innovadores como frutas mínimamente procesadas con microorganismos probióticos, representa un avance en investigación que refuerza la creciente cultura de consumo de alimentos que favorecen la salud.

Assuntos

Lactobacillus/metabolismo , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Conservantes de Alimentos

RESUMO

El presente estudio evaluó la capacidad antioxidante y el contenido de vitamina E en fresas fortificadas con vitamina E sintética (dl-α-tocoferol acetato) por la técnica de impregnación al vacío. La vitamina fue cuantificada por HPLC y sus niveles registrados por cada 100 g fruta fresca. La capacidad antioxidante se determinó durante el almacenamiento, en muestras envasadas con y sin vacío, por los métodos DPPH●, FRAP y Folin-Ciocalteau. El proceso de impregnación en la fresa permitió alcanzar niveles de 19,12 ± 3,01 mg de dl-α-tocoferol acetato/100 g de fruta fresca, sin que el tiempo de almacenamiento ni el tipo de envasado ocasionaran efectos significativos en ella. Estos resultados fueron coherentes con el incremento de la capacidad antioxidante expresados como valores DPPH●, FRAP y Folin-Ciocalteau de 14,7%, 82,2% y 56,8%, respectivamente. Los resultados reflejaron la potenciación de la capacidad antioxidante de la fresa por el efecto de la incorporación de la vitamina E mediante el proceso de impregnación al vacío.

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This study evaluated the antioxidant capacity and vitamin “E” content in strawberries fortified with synthetic vitamin E (dl-α-tocopherol acetate) by vacuum impregnation technique. The vitamin is quantified by HPLC and their levels are recorded per 100 g fresh fruit. The antioxidant capacity was determined during storage in samples packaged with and without vacuum, by the methods DPPH, FRAP and Folin-Cicalteau. The impregnation process can achieve levels in strawberry of 19.12 ± 3.01 mg of vitamin E dl-α-tocopherol acetate/100 g in fresh fruit, with no significant effect over time of storage or the type of packaging. These results were consistent to increased antioxidant capacity as values DPPH, FRAP and Folin-Cicalteau in the order of 14.7%, 82.2% and 56.8% respectively. In general, the results reflect a strengthening of the antioxidant capacity of strawberries, by the effect of vitamin E incorporated by the vacuum impregnation process.

Assuntos

Alimento Funcional , Antioxidantes