RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To compare peripheral bone mineral density alterations among Brazilian postmenopausal women from three ethnic groups considering age and body mass index influence; to correlate their bone mineral density with the mandibular cortical index (MCI); and to evaluate the influence of age, body mass index and ethnicity in the MCI using risk factor analysis. BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis risk is known to have ethical influences. However, little is known about the differences in ethnicity in radiomorphometric indices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 150 postmenopausal women with different ethnicities (Caucasian, Asian and Afro-descendant) who underwent peripheral dual X-ray absorptiometry and panoramic examination were included. Bone mineral density and MCI were assessed. Adjusted odds ratio analyses were performed on bone density and MCI considering the effect of age, ethnicity and body mass index. The correlations between the MCI and the dual X-ray absorptiometry results were made. RESULTS: Old age, low body mass index and non-Afro-descendant were associated with low bone density. Compared with Afro-descendants, Asians and Caucasians have higher chances of having decreased bone mass. For the MCI, statistical analysis showed that age is the only variable associated with osteoporotic alterations in the mandible. Furthermore, an inverse correlation was found between the MCI and the T-scores. CONCLUSION: Bone density is higher in Brazilian Afro-descendant women than in Caucasians and Asians. Patient's age is associated with bone density and the MCI. The mandibular cortical index is inversely correlated with the peripheral densitometry results within the study ethnic population.

Assuntos

Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/etnologia , Absorciometria de Fóton , Adulto , Idoso , Povo Asiático/estatística & dados numéricos , População Negra/estatística & dados numéricos , Densidade Óssea , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Mandíbula/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/epidemiologia , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/patologia , Pós-Menopausa , Fatores de Risco , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the influence of Type 2 diabetes on bone mineral density (BMD) and panoramic radiomorphometry in postmenopausal females, comparing with results from non-diabetic postmenopausal females. METHODS: A total of 228 postmenopausal females (mean age: 59.51 ± 11.08 years) were included in this study. Demographics, T scores and Z scores from peripheral dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and mandibular cortical index (MCI) from panoramic radiographs were assessed. Mean comparison between results for diabetics and non-diabetics was carried out with the Student's t-test. In addition, non-parametric correlations between MCI and DXA results were carried out with Spearman's test, at a level of significance of 5%. RESULTS: Mean Z score values were significantly higher in diabetics than in non-diabetics (p = 0.001). T and Z score values were also significantly correlated with MCI (r = 0.428, p = 0.001, and r = 0.356, p = 0.022, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, the present results suggest that Type 2 diabetes might increase BMD in postmenopausal females.

Assuntos

Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagem , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/diagnóstico por imagem , Absorciometria de Fóton , Idoso , Densidade Óssea , Feminino , Humanos , Mandíbula/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/patologia , Radiografia Panorâmica

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values from diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) among normal salivary glands, cases with sialadenitis and cases with pleomorphic adenoma of major salivary glands. METHODS: 22 patients (totalling 44 major salivary glands) diagnosed with either unilateral sialadenitis (on either parotid or submandibular gland) or parotid gland pleomorphic adenoma were selected. Contralateral non-affected glands (normal) were also analyzed. DW images were achieved using a spin-echo pulse sequence with a 1.5-T MRI device. Mean ADC values were compared among the three groups analyzed (contralateral normal glands, sialadenitis and pleomorphic adenoma). RESULTS: The mean ADC values were significantly higher in cases of parotid sialadenitis (p = 0.001), but not in cases of submandibular sialadenitis (p = 0.466), as compared with the contralateral non-affected glands. Cases of pleomorphic adenoma presented the highest ADC values of the study. In addition, one-way ANOVA test revealed a significant difference among the three groups of parotid glands analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, the present results suggest that DWI allows for differentiation between parotid sialadenitis and pleomorphic adenoma.

Assuntos

Adenoma Pleomorfo/diagnóstico por imagem , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/diagnóstico por imagem , Sialadenite/diagnóstico por imagem , Adenoma Pleomorfo/patologia , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/patologia , Sialadenite/patologia

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Mental artery flow decreases with age and may have an aetiological role in alveolar ridge atrophy. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with alterations of mental artery flow, assessed by ultrasonography. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted on elderly patients (aged above 60 years) at the beginning of dental treatment. Intraoral B-mode Doppler ultrasonography was used to assess mental artery flow. The cases were defined as patients with a weak/absent ultrasound signal, whereas the controls presented a strong ultrasound signal. Demographics and radiographic findings (low bone mineral density on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and mandibular cortical index on panoramic radiographs) were analysed as risk factors for weak/absent ultrasound signal and were calculated as adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using conditional logistic regression. In addition, the Student's t-test was used to compare the mean alveolar bone height of the analysed groups. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 30 ultrasound examinations (12 cases and 18 controls) were analysed. A weak/absent mental artery pulse strength was significantly associated with edentulism (AOR = 3.67; 95% CI = 0.86-15.63; p = 0.046). In addition, there was a significant difference in alveolar bone height between edentulous cases and controls (p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, the present results indicate that edentulism is associated with diminished mental artery flow, which, in turn, affects alveolar bone height.

Assuntos

Mandíbula/irrigação sanguínea , Ultrassonografia Doppler/métodos , Absorciometria de Fóton/métodos , Idoso , Processo Alveolar/irrigação sanguínea , Processo Alveolar/diagnóstico por imagem , Artérias/diagnóstico por imagem , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo/fisiologia , Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Humanos , Arcada Edêntula/diagnóstico por imagem , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiografia Dentária Digital/métodos , Radiografia Panorâmica/métodos , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/fisiologia

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the efficacy of a biphasic calcium phosphate as a bone grafting material for maxillary sinus augmentation in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Half of the thirty patients selected for sinus augmentation were grafted with biphasic calcium phosphate, whereas the other half were grafted with autogenous bone chips harvested intraorally. After 9 months of healing, bone cores were retrieved from implant sites for histologic and histomorphometric evaluation. RESULTS: The areas augmented with autogenous bone chips showed newly formed bone with a pattern very similar to that of the native area. Histomorphometry demonstrated that the amount of newly formed bone in the autogenous bone group was significantly greater than in the biphasic calcium phosphate group (P < 0.05). In the biphasic calcium phosphate group, less bone formation was observed in the area further away from native bone interface than in the area closer to native bone interface (P < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed between both areas in the autogenous group. In both groups, the implant survival rate was 100% with a minimum 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: The data presented in this work confirm the osteoconductive properties of biphasic calcium phosphate, as well as its use in association with maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedures with successful outcomes.

Assuntos

Substitutos Ósseos/uso terapêutico , Hidroxiapatitas/uso terapêutico , Levantamento do Assoalho do Seio Maxilar/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Autoenxertos , Biópsia/métodos , Transplante Ósseo/métodos , Colágeno , Implantação Dentária Endóssea/métodos , Seguimentos , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Arcada Parcialmente Edêntula/reabilitação , Arcada Parcialmente Edêntula/cirurgia , Maxila/patologia , Maxila/cirurgia , Seio Maxilar/patologia , Membranas Artificiais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteogênese/fisiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate radiomorphometric indices in dental panoramic radiographs in order to identify possible interrelationships between these indices and the sex and age of the patients analyzed. The study included 1287 digital panoramic radiographic images of patients that were grouped into five age groups (1 = age 17-20; 2 = age 21-35; 3 = age 36-55; 4 = age 56-69; 5 = over age 70). Two indices-cortical width at the gonion (GI) and below the mental foramen (MI)-were measured bilaterally in all panoramic radiographs. Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (alpha = 0.05). Results for the indices measurements showed significant differences among patient age groups of both sexes, considering that groups 4 and 5 presented lower values for the cortical width of both indices. The present paper supports the role of sex- and age-related changes in mandibular radiomorphometric indices in identifying skeletal osteopenia.