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Livestock is an important part of many countries gross domestic product, and sanitary control impacts herd management costs. To contribute to incorporating new technologies into this economic chain, this work presents a mobile application for decision assistance to treatment against parasitic infection by Haemonchus contortus in small ruminants. Based on the Android system, the proposed software is a semi-automated computer-aided procedure to assist Famacha© pre-trained farmers in applying anthelmintic treatment. It mimics the two-class decision procedure performed by the veterinarian with the help of the Famacha© card. The embedded cell phone camera was employed to acquire an image from the ocular conjunctival mucosa, classifying the animal as healthy or anemic. Two machine-learning strategies were assessed, resulting in an accuracy of 83 % for a neural network and 87 % for a support vector machine (SVM). The SVM classifier was embedded into the app and made available for evaluation. This work is particularly interesting to small property owners from regions with difficult access or restrictions on obtaining continuous post-training technical guidance to use the Famacha© method effectively.

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Hypertensive individuals taking anti-hypertensive drugs from renin-angiotensin system inhibitors may exhibit a more severe evolution of the disease when contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19 disease) due to potential increases in ACE2 expression. The study investigated ACE1 and ACE2 axes and hydroxychloroquine in the lungs and adipose tissue of male and female normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). SHRs were treated with losartan (10 mg/kg/day) or captopril (10 mg/kg/day) for 14 days or 7 days with hydroxychloroquine (200 mg/kg/day) in drinking water. WKY rats were also treated for 7 days with hydroxychloroquine. Blood pressure (BP), protein, and mRNA expression of ACE1 and ACE2 were analyzed in serum, adipose, and lung tissues. Losartan and captopril reduced BP in both sexes in SHR, whereas hydroxychloroquine increased BP in WKY rats. Losartan reduced ACE2 in serum and lungs in both sexes and in adipose tissue of male SHRs. Captopril decreased ACE2 protein in the lung of females and in adipose tissue in both sexes of SHRs. Hydroxychloroquine decreased ACE1 and ACE2 proteins in the lungs in both sexes and adipose tissue in male SHRs. In female WKY rats, ACE2 protein was lower only in the lungs and adipose tissue. Losartan effectively inhibited ACE2 in male and captopril in female SHRs. Hydroxychloroquine inhibited ACE2 in male SHRs and female WKY rats. These results further our understanding of the ACE2 mechanism in patients under renin-angiotensin anti-hypertensive therapy and in many trials using hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 treatment and potential sex differences in response to drug treatment.

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Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a clinical condition characterized by arterial involvement of the intracranial vessels, manifesting with vasospasm. The most common clinical manifestation related to the syndrome is the thunderclap headache, which consists of a severe headache that reaches the peak of pain within minutes. The imaging study assumes a leading role in the complementary investigation. Laboratory tests and cerebrospinal fluid analysis are often nonspecific and without significant diagnostic importance. Non-contrast studies of the brain parenchyma reveal variable results that can often be normal. Angiographic findings, which initially may not reveal any changes, allow the visualization of diffuse narrowing of the vessels, with the posterior cerebral circulation being preferentially affected. The present study reports the case of a 19-year-old woman with no relevant medical history, except that she was a regular user of marijuana and a drug based on chloroform and ether. The patient showed clinical and imaging signs compatible with RCVS, and the narcotics used by her were considered precipitating factors.

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A global movement towards decreases in elasmobranch overfishing has been noted in the last decades. However, discussion concerning the effects of POP contamination on the health and survival of these organisms is still recent. These compounds can affect the immune and endocrine systems of both sharks and batoids, impairing reproduction and impacting species recruitment, acting synergistically alongside overfishing effects. In this context, this study investigated the concentration of organochlorine compounds in liver of 29 individuals of Rioraja agassizii, a commercially exploited skate classified as Vulnerable by IUCN and as Endangered in Brazil. Contaminant concentrations were higher in adults compared to juveniles. Distinct contamination profiles were observed, suggesting different groups within the investigated population and revealing contaminants as a potential tool to assess population ecology. PCB levels were considered a concern as they resemble concentrations in ecosystems from the northern hemisphere, where deleterious effects on elasmobranchs have been observed.

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Introduction. Infectious keratoconjunctivitis is a significant ocular disease found in confined sheep. Little information about the aetiological agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility is available.Gap Statement. There is limited information on the aetiological agents involved in keratoconjunctivitis outbreaks in sheep.Aim. The present research aimed to determine the bacterial aetiological factors involved in an outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in confined lambs.Methodology. Ocular swabs were collected from 23 randomly selected lambs, which were classified into three groups according to the severity of the lesion: group I (N=6; no ocular involvement), group II (N=8; less severe injuries) and group III (N=9; more severe injuries). Isolation of aerobic bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out. Molecular detection of Mollicutes was performed, and positive samples were tested to confirm the presence of the following species: Mycoplasma conjunctivae, Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri.Results. Moraxella sp. and Mollicutes were detected in all groups, but we inferred that Moraxella sp. are only significant in the early stages of the disease. M. conjunctivae was detected in all tested groups, while M. agalactiae was detected in samples of group III only. One strain of Moraxella sp. was resistant to erythromycin and showed intermedite resistance to tetracycline.Conclusion. The presence of these species confirms their importance in the aetiology of this disease, and the low resistance profile observed in the studied farm suggested an increased cure success rate.

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Vertical one-and-a-half syndrome (VOHS) is an uncommon presentation resulting from a unilateral thalamomesencephalic stroke with involvement of the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus and posterior commissure. The artery of Percheron (aPe) is a branch of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and it is a variant that arises as a solitary trunk supplying both medial thalami and upper midbrain. A 78-year-old female patient, presented at the hospital emergency with approximately 12 hours of sudden onset of diplopia, associated with dizziness. Neurological exam revealed torsional nystagmus associated with bilateral upgaze palsy with limitation of infraduction on the left. We describe a rare case of VOHS associated with ischemic alterations at the MRI suggesting an aPe impairment. The conjugate gaze control lies anatomically at the midbrain at the central nervous system (CNS). This report describes a rare type of VOHS and brings a new insight on a possible aPe topography possibly causing this clinical presentation.

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This report described the clinical and pathological aspects of open spina bifida and diplomyelia along with multiple congenital malformations in a Texel lamb. Clinically, paresis of the thoracic limbs, paralysis of the pelvic limbs and a cutaneous opening in the lumbosacral region were observed. At necropsy, there was a focally extensive disruption of the skin associated with an absence of the dorsal portions of the lumbosacral vertebrae. Additionally, diplomyelia of the lumbar segment, mild hydromyelia of thoracic segment, and moderate communicating hydrocephalus of the lateral and third ventricles were noted. Possible viral etiologies (bovine viral diarrhea virus, bluetongue virus, and Schmallemberg virus) were not detected by RT-PCR, and toxic plants were not identified. Therefore, a possible genetic cause may not be discarded.

Este trabalho descreve os aspectos clínicos e patológicos de um caso de espinha bífida aberta e diplomielia, além de múltiplas malformações, em um cordeiro Texel. Clinicamente, este apresentava paresia de membros torácicos, paralisia dos membros pélvicos e uma abertura cutânea na região lombossacral desde o nascimento. À necropsia, visualizou-se solução de continuidade na pele e ausência das porções dorsais das vértebras lombossacrais. Além disso, observou-se diplomielia em segmento lombar, hidromielia discreta de segmento torácico e hidrocefalia comunicante moderada de ventrículos laterais e terceiro ventrículo. Possíveis etiologias virais (vírus da diarreia viral bovina, vírus da língua azul e Schmallemberg virus) não foram detectadas através de RT-PCR, e possíveis plantas tóxicas não foram identificadas. Portanto, uma causa genética não pode ser descartada.

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This report described the clinical and pathological aspects of open spina bifida and diplomyelia along with multiple congenital malformations in a Texel lamb. Clinically, paresis of the thoracic limbs, paralysis of the pelvic limbs and a cutaneous opening in the lumbosacral region were observed. At necropsy, there was a focally extensive disruption of the skin associated with an absence of the dorsal portions of the lumbosacral vertebrae. Additionally, diplomyelia of the lumbar segment, mild hydromyelia of thoracic segment, and moderate communicating hydrocephalus of the lateral and third ventricles were noted. Possible viral etiologies (bovine viral diarrhea virus, bluetongue virus, and Schmallemberg virus) were not detected by RT-PCR, and toxic plants were not identified. Therefore, a possible genetic cause may not be discarded.(AU)

Este trabalho descreve os aspectos clínicos e patológicos de um caso de espinha bífida aberta e diplomielia, além de múltiplas malformações, em um cordeiro Texel. Clinicamente, este apresentava paresia de membros torácicos, paralisia dos membros pélvicos e uma abertura cutânea na região lombossacral desde o nascimento. À necropsia, visualizou-se solução de continuidade na pele e ausência das porções dorsais das vértebras lombossacrais. Além disso, observou-se diplomielia em segmento lombar, hidromielia discreta de segmento torácico e hidrocefalia comunicante moderada de ventrículos laterais e terceiro ventrículo. Possíveis etiologias virais (vírus da diarreia viral bovina, vírus da língua azul e Schmallemberg virus) não foram detectadas através de RT-PCR, e possíveis plantas tóxicas não foram identificadas. Portanto, uma causa genética não pode ser descartada.(AU)

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ABSTRACT: This report described the clinical and pathological aspects of open spina bifida and diplomyelia along with multiple congenital malformations in a Texel lamb. Clinically, paresis of the thoracic limbs, paralysis of the pelvic limbs and a cutaneous opening in the lumbosacral region were observed. At necropsy, there was a focally extensive disruption of the skin associated with an absence of the dorsal portions of the lumbosacral vertebrae. Additionally, diplomyelia of the lumbar segment, mild hydromyelia of thoracic segment, and moderate communicating hydrocephalus of the lateral and third ventricles were noted. Possible viral etiologies (bovine viral diarrhea virus, bluetongue virus, and Schmallemberg virus) were not detected by RT-PCR, and toxic plants were not identified. Therefore, a possible genetic cause may not be discarded.

RESUMO: Este trabalho descreve os aspectos clínicos e patológicos de um caso de espinha bífida aberta e diplomielia, além de múltiplas malformações, em um cordeiro Texel. Clinicamente, este apresentava paresia de membros torácicos, paralisia dos membros pélvicos e uma abertura cutânea na região lombossacral desde o nascimento. À necropsia, visualizou-se solução de continuidade na pele e ausência das porções dorsais das vértebras lombossacrais. Além disso, observou-se diplomielia em segmento lombar, hidromielia discreta de segmento torácico e hidrocefalia comunicante moderada de ventrículos laterais e terceiro ventrículo. Possíveis etiologias virais (vírus da diarreia viral bovina, vírus da língua azul e Schmallemberg virus) não foram detectadas através de RT-PCR, e possíveis plantas tóxicas não foram identificadas. Portanto, uma causa genética não pode ser descartada.

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Abstract We present a case study of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, a rare idiopathic disease, that is characterized by painful ophthalmoplegia of strong intensity, generally affecting the third cranial nerve, and, less frequently, the fourth or the sixth cranial nerves. Usually, there is no visual impairment. The treatment is based on corticosteroids with satisfactory results in most cases although recurrences can occur at intervals from months to years. In our case, the patient presented sudden pain periorbital associated with cranial nerves involvement, which have an excellent outcome after treatment with corticosteroids, with no relapses until today.

Resumo Nós apresentamos um caso de Síndrome de Tolosa-Hunt, uma doença idiopática rara, caracterizada por oftalmoplegia dolorosa, de forte intensidade, geralmente afetando o terceiro par craniano, e, menos frequentemente, o quarto e/ou o sexto par. Geralmente, não há acometimento visual. O tratamento é feito com base em corticóides com resultados satisfatórios na maior parte dos casos, embora recorrências possam ocorrer após meses a anos. Relatamos caso de paciente masculino de 36 anos, com diagnóstico prévio de sífilis congênita e esquizofrenia, com dor periocular súbita associada com envolvimento de pares cranianos, que teve melhora total após vigência de corticoterapia, sem recorrências até a presente data.

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Gastrointestinal parasites represent an important cause of reduced productivity of sheep worldwide. As anthelmintic are still the main control tool for these parasites, this work evaluated the efficacy of commercially available active principles in 22 sheep flocks in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In each farm 10 sheep were randomly distributed in seven groups with the following treatments: abamectin; albendazole; closantel; levamisole; monepantel; trichlorphon and no anthelmintic (control). All flocks showed resistance to at least three anthelmintics and in 20 farms only two products demonstrated efficacy for parasitic control. In two farms, there was no susceptibility to the six active principles tested. The results of this study provide evidence that the common commercially available anthelmintic are not assuring effective chemical control of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in ovine flocks in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul. Monepantel, the newest introduced drug in the Brazilian market was not effective in 18% of the flocks tested, confirming that the parasitic resistance can be established quickly after the introduction of new molecules mainly when alternative program of parasite control is not performed.(AU)

As parasitoses gastrintestinais representam importante causa de queda na produtividade na ovinocultura mundial. Como a utilização de anti-helmínticos é, ainda, a principal forma de controle parasitário, o presente estudo avaliou a eficácia de princípios ativos comercialmente disponíveis, em 22 rebanhos ovinos da região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Em cada propriedade foram utilizados 10 ovinos divididos em sete grupos que receberam os seguintes tratamentos: abamectina; albendazole; closantel; levamisole; monepantel; e triclorfon. Um grupo permaneceu como controle, sem tratamento anti-helmíntico. Nas 22 propriedades do estudo houve resistência, no mínimo, a três anti-helmínticos. Em 20 propriedades apenas dois produtos demonstraram eficácia para o controle parasitário. Em duas propriedades não houve sensibilidade aos seis princípios ativos testados. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstraram que os anti-helmínticos disponíveis no marcado Brasileiro não asseguram um controle parasitário efetivo nos rebanhos ovinos da região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, incluindo o monepantel que foi ineficaz em 18% dos rebanhos testados, confirmando que a resistência dos parasitos aos princípios ativos pode se estabelecer rapidamente após a introdução de novas moléculas, principalmente quando programas alternativos de controle não são realizados.(AU)

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Abstract Gastrointestinal parasites represent an important cause of reduced productivity of sheep worldwide. As anthelmintic are still the main control tool for these parasites, this work evaluated the efficacy of commercially available active principles in 22 sheep flocks in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In each farm 10 sheep were randomly distributed in seven groups with the following treatments: abamectin; albendazole; closantel; levamisole; monepantel; trichlorphon and no anthelmintic (control). All flocks showed resistance to at least three anthelmintics and in 20 farms only two products demonstrated efficacy for parasitic control. In two farms, there was no susceptibility to the six active principles tested. The results of this study provide evidence that the common commercially available anthelmintic are not assuring effective chemical control of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in ovine flocks in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul. Monepantel, the newest introduced drug in the Brazilian market was not effective in 18% of the flocks tested, confirming that the parasitic resistance can be established quickly after the introduction of new molecules mainly when alternative program of parasite control is not performed.

Resumo As parasitoses gastrintestinais representam importante causa de queda na produtividade na ovinocultura mundial. Como a utilização de anti-helmínticos é, ainda, a principal forma de controle parasitário, o presente estudo avaliou a eficácia de princípios ativos comercialmente disponíveis, em 22 rebanhos ovinos da região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Em cada propriedade foram utilizados 10 ovinos divididos em sete grupos que receberam os seguintes tratamentos: abamectina; albendazole; closantel; levamisole; monepantel; e triclorfon. Um grupo permaneceu como controle, sem tratamento anti-helmíntico. Nas 22 propriedades do estudo houve resistência, no mínimo, a três anti-helmínticos. Em 20 propriedades apenas dois produtos demonstraram eficácia para o controle parasitário. Em duas propriedades não houve sensibilidade aos seis princípios ativos testados. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstraram que os anti-helmínticos disponíveis no marcado Brasileiro não asseguram um controle parasitário efetivo nos rebanhos ovinos da região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, incluindo o monepantel que foi ineficaz em 18% dos rebanhos testados, confirmando que a resistência dos parasitos aos princípios ativos pode se estabelecer rapidamente após a introdução de novas moléculas, principalmente quando programas alternativos de controle não são realizados.

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Gastrointestinal parasites represent an important cause of reduced productivity of sheep worldwide. As anthelmintic are still the main control tool for these parasites, this work evaluated the efficacy of commercially available active principles in 22 sheep flocks in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In each farm 10 sheep were randomly distributed in seven groups with the following treatments: abamectin; albendazole; closantel; levamisole; monepantel; trichlorphon and no anthelmintic (control). All flocks showed resistance to at least three anthelmintics and in 20 farms only two products demonstrated efficacy for parasitic control. In two farms, there was no susceptibility to the six active principles tested. The results of this study provide evidence that the common commercially available anthelmintic are not assuring effective chemical control of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in ovine flocks in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul. Monepantel, the newest introduced drug in the Brazilian market was not effective in 18% of the flocks tested, confirming that the parasitic resistance can be established quickly after the introduction of new molecules mainly when alternative program of parasite control is not performed.

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This study evaluated the effect of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors - 2% (CHX) and sodium fluoride (NaF) (5000 ppm) - on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of composite resin to Er:YAG laser-irradiated dentin after chemical degradation of the bond interface. The occlusal surface of forty sound human molars was removed exposing the dentin surface (n=10), which was polished, irradiated with Er:YAG laser, acid etched and dried. Twenty specimens were rewetted with 2% CHX (control group) and 20 were rewetted with NaF (5000 ppm). The adhesive system was applied and a 4-mm-high plateau of light-cured composite resin was built up. Resin-dentin sticks were obtained with a rectangular cross-sectional area (0.8-1 mm2) and were either stored in water at 37 ?#61616;C for 24 h or submitted to chemical degradation. For chemical degradation, they were immersed in 10% NaOCl aqueous solution for 5 h and rinsed in water for 1 h. The sticks were submitted to microtensile test in a mechanical testing machine at 0.5 mm/min until failure. Fracture pattern was analyzed using SEM. µTBS values were calculated in MPa and submitted to analysis of variance ANOVA (α=0.05). The variance analysis showed that the 'MMP inhibitor' and 'degradation' factors (p=0.214 and p=0.093, respectively) and interaction between the factors were not statistically significant (p=0.143). Mixed failure predominated in all groups. In conclusion, the 2% CHX and NaF 5000 ppm presented similar µTBS of composite resin to laser-irradiated dentin before and after chemical degradation.

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Animais que se alimentam em pastos de Brachiaria spp. comumente apresentam macrófagos espumosos isolados ou agrupados no fígado, além de cristais no interior de ductos biliares. A patogênese da formação e a natureza do material armazenado nestas células, contudo, ainda não são completamente conhecidas. Através da avaliação lectino-histoquímica, saponinas esteroidais (metabólitos glicosilados secundários) têm sido identificadas nos cristais e no citoplasma das células espumosas, e provavelmente são responsáveis por danificar o fígado e levar ao acúmulo de filoeritrina. Por meio deste trabalho, objetivou-se padronizar e caracterizar a utilização da lectino-histoquímica na detecção de metabólitos glicosilados nos tecidos de búfalos mantidos em diferentes pastos de Brachiaria spp. no Brasil. Fragmentos de fígado e linfonodo mesentérico de 40 animais foram analisados: 10 búfalos mantidos em pastagem predominante de B. decumbens por aproximadamente 12 meses; 10 búfalos mantidos em pastagem predominante de B. brizantha por aproximadamente 18 meses; 10 búfalos mantidos em pastagem de B. brizantha por aproximadamente quatro anos; e, como controle negativo, 10 búfalos mantidos em pastagem livre de Brachiaria spp. desde o nascimento. Quatorze lectinas foram testadas (Con-A, SBA, WGA, DBA, UEA, RCA, PNA, GSL-I, PSA, LCA, PHA-E, PHA-L, SJA e SWGA), em um total de 1120 fragmentos avaliados. Estudos anteriores demonstraram que a lectina PNA possui marcada reatividade para macrófagos espumosos de bovinos e ovinos. No presente estudo, a lectina SWGA apresentou acentuada reatividade e alta especificidade para macrófagos espumosos; WGA, GSL, PHA-E e PHA-L mostraram moderada a acentuada reatividade, mas baixa especificidade aos macrófagos espumosos; as outras lectinas não apresentaram reatividade ou especificidade relevantes. Além disso, não houve diferença relevante de marcação entre os fragmentos coletados de animais que se alimentaram de B. decumbens por 12 meses e B. brizantha por 18 meses. Porém, a diminuição da presença e marcação lectino-histoquímica dos macrófagos espumosos nos tecidos dos búfalos que ingeriram Brachiaria brizantha durante mais tempo indica que os animais podem passar por um processo de adaptação de acordo com o tempo de ingestão da planta. A avaliação lectino-histoquímica pode ser utilizada para caracterizar o material armazenado em macrófagos espumosos presentes no fígado e linfonodo mesentérico de búfalos que se alimentam em pastagens de Brachiaria spp. e ajuda na compreensão da patogênese de formação destas células.(AU)

Animals grazing Brachiaria spp. commonly present foamy macrophages isolated or grouped in the liver, and crystals within biliary ducts. The pathogenesis of formation and the nature of the material stored in these cells however are not completely known. Through lectin histochemistry evaluation, steroidal saponins (secondary glycosylated metabolites) have been identified in the crystals and within the cytoplasm of the foam cells, which are probably liable for damaging the liver, leading to accumulation of phylloerythrin. This study aims to standardize and characterize the use of lectin histochemistry to detect glycosylated metabolites in tissues of buffaloes kept on different Brachiaria spp. pastures in Brazil. Fragments of liver and mesenteric lymph node from 40 buffaloes were analyzed: 10 buffaloes that were kept in predominant pasture of B. decumbens for 12 months; 10 buffaloes that were kept in pasture with a predominance of B. brizantha for 18 months; 10 buffaloes that were kept on pasture of B. brizantha for about four years; and as a negative control, 10 buffaloes that were maintained on native pasture without Brachiaria spp. since birth. Fourteen lectins were tested (Con-A, SBA, WGA, DBA, UEA, RCA, PNA, GSL-I, PSA, LCA, PHA-E, PHA-L, SJA and SWGA), in a total of 1120 evaluated samples. Previous studies demonstrated that PNA showed great binding reactivity for foamy macrophages in cattle and sheep. In the present study, SWGA showed high specificity and marked binding reactivity for foamy macrophages; WGA, GSL, PHA-E and PHA-L showed moderate to marked reactivity, but low specificity for foamy macrophages. The other lectins had not relevant reactivity or specificity. Moreover there was no relevant reactivity difference between the collected samplesd from buffaloes that grazed B. decumbens for 12 months and Brachiaria brizantha for 18 months. However the decreased presence of foamy macrophages and its lectin histochemical binding in animals that fed on B. brizantha for a longer time, indicates that the buffaloes can pass through an adaptation process according to the plant intake time. Lectin histochemistry analysis can be used to characterize the material stored in foamy macrophages present in liver and mesenteric lymph node of buffaloes that graze on Brachiaria spp. pastures and helps to clarify the pathogenesis of these cells.(AU)

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Abstract This study evaluated the effect of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors - 2% (CHX) and sodium fluoride (NaF) (5000 ppm) - on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of composite resin to Er:YAG laser-irradiated dentin after chemical degradation of the bond interface. The occlusal surface of forty sound human molars was removed exposing the dentin surface (n=10), which was polished, irradiated with Er:YAG laser, acid etched and dried. Twenty specimens were rewetted with 2% CHX (control group) and 20 were rewetted with NaF (5000 ppm). The adhesive system was applied and a 4-mm-high plateau of light-cured composite resin was built up. Resin-dentin sticks were obtained with a rectangular cross-sectional area (0.8-1 mm2) and were either stored in water at 37 ?#61616;C for 24 h or submitted to chemical degradation. For chemical degradation, they were immersed in 10% NaOCl aqueous solution for 5 h and rinsed in water for 1 h. The sticks were submitted to microtensile test in a mechanical testing machine at 0.5 mm/min until failure. Fracture pattern was analyzed using SEM. μTBS values were calculated in MPa and submitted to analysis of variance ANOVA (α=0.05). The variance analysis showed that the 'MMP inhibitor' and 'degradation' factors (p=0.214 and p=0.093, respectively) and interaction between the factors were not statistically significant (p=0.143). Mixed failure predominated in all groups. In conclusion, the 2% CHX and NaF 5000 ppm presented similar μTBS of composite resin to laser-irradiated dentin before and after chemical degradation.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o efeito dos inibidores de metaloproteinase, clorexidina 2% e fluoreto de sódio (5000 ppm), na resistência de união entre a dentina irradiada por laser Er:YAG e a resina composta após a degradação química da interface de união. A superfície oclusal de quarenta molares humanos hígidos (n=10) foi removida expondo uma superfície de dentina, que foi polida, irradiada com laser Er:YAG, condicionada com ácido e seca. Vinte espécimes foram re-umedecidos com clorexidina 2% (Grupo controle) e 20 com fluoreto de sódio (5000 ppm). O sistema adesivo foi aplicado e um platô de resina composta fotopolimerizável de 4 mm de altura foi construído. Palitos de resina-dentina foram obtidos com secção transversal retangular (0,8-1 mm2). Eles foram armazenados em água (24 h a 37 ?#61616;C) ou submetidos a degradação química. Para a degradação química, foram imersos em solução aquosa de hipoclorito de sódio a 10% durante 5 horas e lavados em água durante 1 h. Os palitos foram submetidos ao teste de microtração em uma máquina de ensaios mecânicos a 0,5 mm/min até a fratura. O padrão de fratura foi analisado em MEV. Os valores de resistência de união foram calculados em MPa e submetidos à análise de variância ANOVA (α=0,05). A análise de variância mostrou que os fatores inibidor de metaloproteinases e degradação (p=0,214 e p=0,093, respectivamente), e a interação entre os fatores não foram estatisticamente significantes (p=0,143). A predominância de falha mista foi detectada para todos os grupos. Em conclusão, a clorexidina a 2% e fluoreto de sódio (ppm 5000) apresentaram resistência de união entre dentina irradiada e resina composta semelhante antes e após a degradação química.

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Animals grazing Brachiaria spp. commonly present foamy macrophages isolated or grouped in the liver, and crystals within biliary ducts. The pathogenesis of formation and the nature of the material stored in these cells however are not completely known. Through lectin histochemistry evaluation, steroidal saponins (secondary glycosylated metabolites) have been identified in the crystals and within the cytoplasm of the foam cells, which are probably liable for damaging the liver, leading to accumulation of phylloerythrin. This study aims to standardize and characterize the use of lectin histochemistry to detect glycosylated metabolites in tissues of buffaloes kept on different Brachiaria spp. pastures in Brazil. Fragments of liver and mesenteric lymph node from 40 buffaloes were analyzed: 10 buffaloes that were kept in predominant pasture of B. decumbens for 12 months; 10 buffaloes that were kept in pasture with a predominance of B. brizantha for 18 months; 10 buffaloes that were kept on pasture of B. brizantha for about four years; and as a negative control, 10 buffaloes that were maintained on native pasture without Brachiaria spp. since birth. Fourteen lectins were tested (Con-A, SBA, WGA, DBA, UEA, RCA, PNA, GSL-I, PSA, LCA, PHA-E, PHA-L, SJA and SWGA), in a total of 1120 evaluated samples. Previous studies demonstrated that PNA showed great binding reactivity for foamy macrophages in cattle and sheep. In the present study, SWGA showed high specificity and marked binding reactivity for foamy macrophages; WGA, GSL, PHA-E and PHA-L showed moderate to marked reactivity, but low specificity for foamy macrophages. The other lectins had not relevant reactivity or specificity. Moreover there was no relevant reactivity difference between the collected samplesd from buffaloes that grazed B. decumbens for 12 months and Brachiaria brizantha for 18 months. [...](AU)

Animais que se alimentam em pastos de Brachiaria spp. comumente apresentam macrófagos espumosos isolados ou agrupados no fígado, além de cristais no interior de ductos biliares. A patogênese da formação e a natureza do material armazenado nestas células, contudo, ainda não são completamente conhecidas. Através da avaliação lectino-histoquímica, saponinas esteroidais (metabólitos glicosilados secundários) têm sido identificadas nos cristais e no citoplasma das células espumosas, e provavelmente são responsáveis por danificar o fígado e levar ao acúmulo de filoeritrina. Por meio deste trabalho, objetivou-se padronizar e caracterizar a utilização da lectino-histoquímica na detecção de metabólitos glicosilados nos tecidos de búfalos mantidos em diferentes pastos de Brachiaria spp. no Brasil. Fragmentos de fígado e linfonodo mesentérico de 40 animais foram analisados: 10 búfalos mantidos em pastagem predominante de B. decumbens por aproximadamente 12 meses; 10 búfalos mantidos em pastagem predominante de B. brizantha por aproximadamente 18 meses; 10 búfalos mantidos em pastagem de B. brizantha por aproximadamente quatro anos; e, como controle negativo, 10 búfalos mantidos em pastagem livre de Brachiaria spp. desde o nascimento. Quatorze lectinas foram testadas (Con-A, SBA, WGA, DBA, UEA, RCA, PNA, GSL-I, PSA, LCA, PHA-E, PHA-L, SJA e SWGA), em um total de 1120 fragmentos avaliados. Estudos anteriores demonstraram que a lectina PNA possui marcada reatividade para macrófagos espumosos de bovinos e ovinos. No presente estudo, a lectina SWGA apresentou acentuada reatividade e alta especificidade para macrófagos espumosos; WGA, GSL, PHA-E e PHA-L mostraram moderada a acentuada reatividade, mas baixa especificidade aos macrófagos espumosos; as outras lectinas não apresentaram reatividade ou especificidade relevantes. [...](AU)

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RESUMO

The whitemouth croaker, Micropogonias furnieri, is a commercially very important marine fish along its occurrence area that uses estuaries early in its life. In order to describe the time-space distribution of M. furnieri in Guanabara Bay, southeastern Brazil, bottom otter trawlings were carried out every fifteen days between July 2005 and June 2007. The monthly variation of the relative abundance of M. furnieri was checked from catch per unit of effort (CPUE), and the size structure of the caught species, in time and space, was analyzed from histograms with length (TL) classes with an interval of 0.5 cm. The Kruskal-Wallis test was employed to test the hypothesis that sampling points were occupied by groups of equal mean of TL. The whitemouth croaker was present in all sampling sites throughout the year and juveniles were the most abundant population stratum. Statistically significant differences (p < 0,05) in length classes between different sampling sites were found. While smaller individuals had a higher frequency in the upper and middle estuary, and some sampling sites at the lower estuary, larger individuals were mainly found in the lower estuary. Recruitment peaks occurred in late Fall, Winter and Spring, indicating a long period of reproduction. Guanabara Bay has an important role as marine nursery and growth area for M. furnieri, with the physiography of the estuary being one of the most relevant factors in the space distribution of the species.

A corvina, Micropogonias furnieri, é um recurso pesqueiro importante ao longo de sua área de ocorrência e utiliza os estuários em seus primeiros estágios de vida. Com o objetivo de descrever a distribuição espaço-temporal da espécie no estuário da Baía de Guanabara, sudeste do Brasil, foram realizados arrastos de fundo quinzenais entre julho de 2005 e junho de 2007. A variação mensal da abundância relativa de M. furnieri foi verificada pela captura por unidade de esforço (CPUE), e a estrutura do tamanho de captura da espécie, no tempo e no espaço, foi analisada a partir de histogramas com classes de comprimento (CT) com intervalo de 0,5 cm. O teste de Kruskal-Wallis foi empregado para testar a hipótese de que os pontos de coleta eram ocupados por grupos com média de CT iguais. A corvina esteve presente em todos os pontos de coleta ao longo do ano, sendo os juvenis o estrato populacional capturado em maior abundância. Diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05) foram observadas para a estrutura de classes de tamanho entre os diferentes pontos. Os menores indivíduos ocuparam o alto e o médio estuário, além de determinados locais do baixo estuário; os maiores exemplares foram encontrados principalmente no baixo estuário. Picos de recrutamento ocorreram no final do Outono, no Inverno e na Primavera, indicando um período longo de reprodução. A Baía de Guanabara tem papel importante como berçário e área de crescimento para M. furnieri, sugerindo que a fisiografia do estuário seja um dos fatores mais relevantes na distribuição espacial da espécie.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The whitemouth croaker, Micropogonias furnieri, is a commercially very important marine fish along its occurrence area that uses estuaries early in its life. In order to describe the time-space distribution of M. furnieri in Guanabara Bay, southeastern Brazil, bottom otter trawlings were carried out every fifteen days between July 2005 and June 2007. The monthly variation of the relative abundance of M. furnieri was checked from catch per unit of effort (CPUE), and the size structure of the caught species, in time and space, was analyzed from histograms with length (TL) classes with an interval of 0.5 cm. The Kruskal-Wallis test was employed to test the hypothesis that sampling points were occupied by groups of equal mean of TL. The whitemouth croaker was present in all sampling sites throughout the year and juveniles were the most abundant population stratum. Statistically significant differences (p < 0,05) in length classes between different sampling sites were found. While smaller individuals had a higher frequency in the upper and middle estuary, and some sampling sites at the lower estuary, larger individuals were mainly found in the lower estuary. Recruitment peaks occurred in late Fall, Winter and Spring, indicating a long period of reproduction. Guanabara Bay has an important role as marine nursery and growth area for M. furnieri, with the physiography of the estuary being one of the most relevant factors in the space distribution of the species.(AU)

A corvina, Micropogonias furnieri, é um recurso pesqueiro importante ao longo de sua área de ocorrência e utiliza os estuários em seus primeiros estágios de vida. Com o objetivo de descrever a distribuição espaço-temporal da espécie no estuário da Baía de Guanabara, sudeste do Brasil, foram realizados arrastos de fundo quinzenais entre julho de 2005 e junho de 2007. A variação mensal da abundância relativa de M. furnieri foi verificada pela captura por unidade de esforço (CPUE), e a estrutura do tamanho de captura da espécie, no tempo e no espaço, foi analisada a partir de histogramas com classes de comprimento (CT) com intervalo de 0,5 cm. O teste de Kruskal-Wallis foi empregado para testar a hipótese de que os pontos de coleta eram ocupados por grupos com média de CT iguais. A corvina esteve presente em todos os pontos de coleta ao longo do ano, sendo os juvenis o estrato populacional capturado em maior abundância. Diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05) foram observadas para a estrutura de classes de tamanho entre os diferentes pontos. Os menores indivíduos ocuparam o alto e o médio estuário, além de determinados locais do baixo estuário; os maiores exemplares foram encontrados principalmente no baixo estuário. Picos de recrutamento ocorreram no final do Outono, no Inverno e na Primavera, indicando um período longo de reprodução. A Baía de Guanabara tem papel importante como berçário e área de crescimento para M. furnieri, sugerindo que a fisiografia do estuário seja um dos fatores mais relevantes na distribuição espacial da espécie.(AU)

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RESUMO

A elevada rotatividade e o crescimento do número de casos de transtornos mentais entre os atendentes de telemarketing é resultado do trabalho penoso a que esses trabalhadores são submetidos. Este artigo teve por objetivo analisar os fatores organizacionais e psicossociais relacionados ao estresse e sofrimento psíquico percebidos pelos atendentes de uma empresa de telemarketing. Foi aplicado um questionário de avaliação do estresse no trabalho e criou-se um grupo focal para a discussão e identificação das principais categorias relacionadas com o sofrimento psíquico desses trabalhadores. A falta de controle e a falta de autonomia foram os principais fatores de estresse e sofrimento psíquico nos dois instrumentos, tanto no quantitativo, quanto nos grupos focais (qualitativo), ambos adotados neste estudo. Na percepção dos atendentes, a falta de transparência nos critérios de promoção e reconhecimento, a precariedade do suporte e o apoio da chefia e os relacionamentos conflitantes na organização pesquisada também influenciam negativamente a saúde mental destes sujeitos.(AU)

The high turnover and the increased incidence of mental disorders among telemarketing workers result from the burdensome work they are submitted to. This article evaluated the organizational and psychosocial factors related to stress and psychic suffering perceived by the attendants of a telemarketing company. A questionnaire was used to assess stress at work and a focal group was created for the discussion and identification of key categories related to psychological distress among these workers. The lack of control and autonomy were the main factors related to stress and psychic suffering in both quantitative and qualitative instruments used in this study. In the perception of the attendants, the aspects related to career and recognition, support and leadership, relationships and peer support are relevant to the mental health of these individuals.(AU)

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