RESUMO
Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) is an essential mitochondrial enzyme involved in both the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the respiratory chain. In Arabidopsis thaliana, its iron-sulfur subunit (SDH2) is encoded by three genes, one of them (SDH2.3) being specifically expressed during seed maturation in the embryo. Here we show that seed SDH2.3 expression is regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and we define the promoter region (-114 to +49) possessing all the cis-elements necessary and sufficient for high expression in seeds. This region includes between -114 and -32 three ABRE (ABA-responsive) elements and one RY-enhancer like element, and we demonstrate that these elements, although necessary, are not sufficient for seed expression, our results supporting a role for the region encoding the 5' untranslated region (+1 to +49). The SDH2.3 promoter is activated in leaf protoplasts by heterodimers between the basic leucine zipper transcription factors bZIP53 (group S1) and bZIP10 (group C) acting through the ABRE elements, and by the B3 domain transcription factor ABA insensitive 3 (ABI3). The in vivo role of bZIP53 is further supported by decreased SDH2.3 expression in a knockdown bzip53 mutant. By using the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and sdh2 mutants we have been able to conclusively show that complex II is already present in mature embryos before imbibition, and contains mainly SDH2.3 as iron-sulfur subunit. This complex plays a role during seed germination sensu-stricto since we have previously shown that seeds lacking SDH2.3 show retarded germination and now we demonstrate that low concentrations of thenoyltrifluoroacetone, a complex II inhibitor, also delay germination. Furthermore, complex II inhibitors completely block hypocotyl elongation in the dark and seedling establishment in the light, highlighting an essential role of complex II in the acquisition of photosynthetic competence and the transition from heterotrophy to autotrophy.
RESUMO
There is a current debate about the ecological validity of executive function (EF) tests. Consistent with the verisimilitude approach, this research proposes the ballet executive scale (BES), a self-rating questionnaire that assimilates idiosyncratic executive behaviors of classical dance community. The BES was administrated to 149 adolescents, students of the Cuban Ballet School. Results present a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of .80 and a split-half Spearman-Brown coefficient r (SB) = .81. An exploratory factor analysis describes a bifactorial pattern of EF dimensions, with a self-regulation component, which explains more than 40% of variance, and a Developmental component, which accounts for more than 20% of variance. The questionnaire's total scores fit linear regression models with two external criteria of academic records, confirming concurrent validity. These findings support the hypothesis that the internalization of specific contextual cultural meanings has a mediating influence in the development of EF.
Assuntos
Dança/psicologia , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Psicometria , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adolescente , Criança , Cuba , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Autoavaliação (Psicologia)RESUMO
Los procedimientos invasivos son el último recurso de manejo en el tratamiento de la neuralgia del trigémino. Las técnicas percutáneas sobre el V par son de elección en los pacientes catalogados de alto riesgo quirúrgico y habitualmente son guiadas con radiología simple y/o fluoroscopía. Recientemente demostramos que la guía tomográfica durante la neurolísis del trigémino facilita la correcta colocación de la punta de la aguja en el agujero oval. Se informa un paciente con historia de neuralgia del trigémino refractaria al manejo farmacológico el cual cursaba con cardiopatía isquémica con infarto reciente del miocardio, hipertensión arterial, isquemia cerebral intermitente, historia de 2 infartos cerebrales, que además de los fármacos antineurálgicos recibía digital, antihipertensivos, vasodilatadores coronarios y antiadhesivos plaquetarios. Se realizó alcoholización percutánea del trigémino guiada con imágenes tomográficas obteniéndose excelente analgesia sin sangrado durante el procedimiento. Se descontinuó la carbamazepina y se pudo disminuir la gabapentina
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Tomografia , Tomografia , Nervo Trigêmeo/fisiopatologia , Nervo Trigêmeo/patologia , Neuralgia do Trigêmeo/fisiopatologia , Neuralgia do Trigêmeo/terapia , Álcoois/uso terapêutico , Analgesia , AnalgesiaRESUMO
La anestesia epidural-espinal combinada ha sido bien aceptada desde la introducción de agujas epidurales con diseño peculiar y la disponibilidad comercial de equipos especiales. Aunque la técnica mezcla las ventajas de ambas anestesias, no está exenta de riesgos que deben de ser vigilados. Se informa una paciente menejada con anestesia epidural-espinal combinada en la que hubo salida de líquido cefalorraquídeo a través del catéter epidural. Se establecen comentarios sobre el diagnóstico diferencial de las posibilidades de migración del catéter o del anestésico local epidural al espacio subaracnoideo