RESUMO
Evaluated the levels of rain tree (Samanea saman) pod meal (RTPM) (0, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) replacing maize in the dry matter of the diet on intake of DM, CP and ME, creatinine and total purine derivatives excretion in urine and microbial protein synthesis in lambs. Twenty-five uncastrated Bergamasca lambs were used, with an initial body weight of 24±5kg and an average age of 120 days. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and five replications. The trial lasted 84 days and the 24h and spot urine collections were performed in the last day of the experiment. The intake was not affected (P>0.05), the urine volume and daily creatinine excretion were influenced (P<0.05) by RTPM replacing maize, observing increasing linear effect and cubic variation (P<0.05), respectively. The cubic and quadratic components were significant (P<0.05) for the excretion of total purine derivatives, absorbed purines, and microbial synthesis. The cubic variation, with peaks at 5% and 18% replacement for urinary excretion of creatinine and purine derivatives, indicates that the levels used of RTPM affected the renal activity of lambs. Substitution of maize by RTPM up to 10% enhances efficiency of rumen microbial crude protein synthesis.
Avaliaram-se os níveis de farinha de vagem de Samanea saman (0, 10, 15, 20 e 25%) em substituição ao milho na matéria seca da dieta sobre o consumo de MS, PB e EM, a excreção urinária de creatinina e de derivados de purina totais e a síntese de proteína microbiana em cordeiros. Foram utilizados 25 cordeiros Bergamácia, não castrados, peso corporal inicial de 24±5kg e idade média de 120 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. O experimento durou 84 dias e as coletas de urina spot e de 24h foram realizadas no último dia do experimento. O consumo não foi afetado (P>0,05), o volume de urina e a excreção diária de creatinina foram influenciados (P<0,05) por S. Saman substituindo o milho, observando-se efeito linear crescente e variação cúbica (P<0,05), respectivamente. Os componentes cúbicos e quadráticos foram significativos (P<0,05) para a excreção de derivados de purina totais, purinas absorvidas e síntese microbiana. A variação cúbica, com picos em 5% e 18% de substituição para a excreção urinária de creatinina e de derivados de purina, indica que os níveis utilizados de S. saman afetaram a atividade renal de cordeiros. Substituição do milho por farelo de vagem de S. saman até 10% aumenta a eficiência de síntese de proteína bruta microbiana.
Assuntos
Animais , Ovinos , Dieta/veterinária , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Fabaceae , Ração Animal , Purinas/urina , Creatinina/urinaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between aerobic capacity and pelvic floor muscles (PFM) function in adult women. Women aged 18 or over and without urinary dysfunction or other chronic diseases were eligible to participate. They completed the habitual physical activity (HPA) questionnaire, underwent a PFM functional evaluation by palpation and perineometry, and performed a submaximal (between 75 and 85% of maximum heart rate) cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) test to determine the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT). Forty-one women were included (35±16 years, 75% physically active, 17% very active, and 8% sedentary and 17% presented grade 1 PFM contraction, 31.8% grade 2, 26.8% grade 3, and 24.4% grade 4, according to the modified Oxford Scale). The average PFM contraction pressure obtained by perineometer was 53±26 cmH2O and the average oxygen consumption at VAT (VO2VAT) obtained from CPX was 14±2 mL·kg-1·min-1. Significant correlations were found between PFM contraction pressure and VO2VAT (r=0.55; P<0.001); between PFM contraction pressure and HPA score (r=0.38; P=0.02); between age and VO2VAT (r=-0.25; P=0.049); and between VO2VAT and HPA score (r=0.36; P=0.02). An age-adjusted multiple linear regression equation (R2=0.32) was derived to estimate VO2VAT from the contraction value obtained by perineometer, so that the PFM contraction pressure was able to predict VO2VAT. The equation was validated using data from another group of 20 healthy women (33±12 years; PFM contraction: 49±23 cmH2O) and no significant difference was found between actual VO2VAT and predicted VO2VAT (13.1±1.9 vs 13.8±2.0 mL·kg-1·min-1). In conclusion, PFM function is associated with aerobic capacity in healthy women and PFM contraction pressure may be used to estimate VO2VAT in this population.
Assuntos
Limiar Anaeróbio/fisiologia , Tolerância ao Exercício/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Antropometria , Estudos Transversais , Teste de Esforço , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Contração Muscular/fisiologia , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Diafragma da Pelve , Pressão , Valores de Referência , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of surface electrical stimulation in elderly women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) as compared to no treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized controlled pilot study included women over the age of 60 years, with at least one episode of stress urinary leakage during the previous month. Fourteen women were allocated according to a computer generated randomization list in two groups: surface electrical stimulation (SES), and control group (CG). The women in the SES group were treated with surface electrical stimulation using four electrodes, during six weeks with two weekly sessions of 20 minutes each. They were evaluated before and after treatment primary outcome, urinary leakage, and secondary outcomes, King's Health Questionnaire, pressure perineometry, and subjective satisfaction. RESULTS: For the urinary leakage, there was a significant decrease in SES group after treatment (P=.017). Significant differences were observed between the SES group and CG in the evaluation after treatment (P<.01; effect size: -1,38; 95% confidence interval from 1,18 to 14,14). No significant differences were observed in both groups for the outcome pelvic floor muscle pressure. In the evaluation of quality of life, a significant reduction of score in the gravity domain was observed for the SES group after treatment (P=.017). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that surface electrical stimulation in elderly women with SUI can be an effective method for the improvement of urinary leakage.
Assuntos
Terapia por Estimulação Elétrica/métodos , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/terapia , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Projetos PilotoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of vaginal cones and pelvic floor muscle training (PFTM) in postmenopausal women with stress urinary incontinence. METHODS: This randomized, controlled study included postmenopausal women, who complained of stress urinary incontinence. Forty-five women were allocated to three groups: a group given therapy with vaginal cones (n = 15), a group receiving therapy with PFTM (n = 15), and the control group (n = 15). Subjects in the intervention groups were treated for 6 weeks with twice-weekly sessions of 40 min. Women in the vaginal cone group carried out the pelvic floor muscle strengthening with vaginal cones. The control group did not receive any treatment during the corresponding time. They were evaluated before, at the end of treatment and 6 weeks after treatment completion for primary outcomes (1-h pad test for urinary loss and pelvic floor muscle pressure) and secondary outcomes (quality of life with King's Health Questionnaire, satisfaction with treatment, and continuity of training). RESULTS: For urinary leakage, there were statistical differences between the treated groups and the control group at the end of treatment and 6 weeks after treatment (all p < 0.01; effect size: vaginal cone group 20.97; PFMT group 20.96). The same behavior was shown for treatment with pelvic floor muscle pressure (all p < 0.01; effect size: vaginal cone group 22.58; PFMT group 21.68). There were no differences between the vaginal cone and PFMT groups in any of the evaluations. In outcomes for quality of life, significant differences were observed for incontinence impact and gravity domains when both treated groups were compared with the control group after treatment. Both groups reported similar satisfaction levels and the vaginal cone group demonstrated lower training continuity. CONCLUSION: Based on this study, there were similar positive results for treatment with the vaginal cone and pelvic floor muscle training for urinary leakage, pelvic floor muscle pressure and quality of life for postmenopausal women with stress urinary incontinence after 6 weeks.
Assuntos
Biorretroalimentação Psicológica , Terapia Passiva Contínua de Movimento , Exercícios de Alongamento Muscular/métodos , Pós-Menopausa , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse , Idoso , Biorretroalimentação Psicológica/instrumentação , Biorretroalimentação Psicológica/métodos , Protocolos Clínicos , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Passiva Contínua de Movimento/instrumentação , Terapia Passiva Contínua de Movimento/métodos , Preferência do Paciente , Diafragma da Pelve/patologia , Diafragma da Pelve/fisiopatologia , Pós-Menopausa/fisiologia , Pós-Menopausa/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/epidemiologia , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/etiologia , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/patologia , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/fisiopatologia , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/terapiaRESUMO
Infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the primary causes of mortality by cancer in northern Brazil. Sexually active women from Manaus, Amazonas, without cytological alterations and women with pre-malignant and malignant cytological alterations were examined for HPV virus, identified via PCR and sequencing. The target region for this study was part of the L1 capsid gene of HPV. Twenty-three samples that were PCR-positive were sequenced. Analysis of 336 bp demonstrated a high incidence of high-risk HPV types in the population of Manaus, identified as HPVs 16, 33, 58, 66, 68. HPV type 16 was the most prevalent, presenting two variants similar to the Asian-American (AA) and East-Asian type (As) variants. A rare HPV type 13 related to "Heck's disease" was also detected. This preliminary provides important information about the HPV circulating in Amazonas State.
Assuntos
DNA Viral/genética , Papillomavirus Humano 16/genética , Brasil , Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Feminino , Papillomavirus Humano 16/classificação , Papillomavirus Humano 16/patogenicidade , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologiaRESUMO
O presente estudo apresentou como objetivo avaliar a disponibilidade de 20 medicamentos essenciais para doenças mais prevalentes na atenção básica à saúde. Portanto, se faz necessário que estes medicamentos estejam disponíveis e seus preços sejam acessíveis nas farmácias e drogarias do setor privado. O estudo foi realizado, no município de Araraquara/SP, utilizando-se dois formulários preconizados pela OMS, sendo um para registro de disponibilidade e outro para registro de preços. Os medicamentos mais disponíveis nas farmácias e drogarias foram o propranolol (90,5%), captopril (96%) e ranitidina (96%), e os menos disponíveis foram sulfato ferroso (27%), beclometasona (33,8%) e ibuprofeno (41,9%). Os medicamentos que apresentaram maior variação entre os preços praticados foram propranolol (97,1%), hidroclorotiazida 96,4% e glibenclamida (95,0%), e os de menor variação foram salbutamol (30,8%) e sulfametoxazol + trimetoprima (30,2%). Os medicamentos genéricos foram os que apresentaram menor preço, representando metade dos medicamentos avaliados (10). Os indicadores de acesso por capacidade de aquisição para o tratamento das principais doenças no nível de atenção básica demonstraram que nenhum estabelecimento continha todos os medicamentos avaliados e, além disso, apresentou grandes variações de preços, comprometendo o seu acesso aos usuários. Dados obtidos nesta pesquisa demonstram a importância da farmácia popular para melhorar o acesso dos consumidores aos medicamentos, diminuindo o custo e aumentando a disponibilidade dos itens selecionados pela Relação Nacional de Medicamentos.
A survey to determine the availability of 20 essential medicines for the diseases with highest prevalence in primary health care was conducted in the city of Araraquara. The presence and the price of these medicines in private sector pharmacies and drugstores of the city were recorded. Two forms, recommended by the WHO, were used in the survey, one for availability and the other for prices. The drugs most commonly available in pharmacies and drugstores were: propranolol (90.5%), captopril (96%) and ranitidine (96%), while the least available were ferrous sulfate (27%), beclomethasone (33.8%) and ibuprofen (41.9%). The drugs that showed the greatest variation among the prices charged were: propranolol (97.1%), hydrochlorothiazide (96.4%) and glibenclamide (95.0%), while the least variable were salbutamol (30.8%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (30.2%). Generic drugs, which were half (10) of those assessed, had the lowest prices. The indicators of access, referring to the ability of patients to acquire drugs for the treatment of major diseases at the primary health care level, showed that no establishment stocked all 20 essential drugs and that wide variations existed in their prices, undermining their availability to drug users, whose only sources are pharmacies and drugstores. These data demonstrate the importance of the popular pharmacy to improve the access to medicines, by lowering the cost and increasing the availability of the items selected for the National List of Essential Drugs (RENAME).