RESUMO
The infrared and Raman spectra of methylene bis(thiocyanate), CH2(SCN)2, were obtained. The observed bands were assigned to the different normal modes of vibration using the results of a DFT calculation of the molecular vibrational properties. These results and the experimental data were used to define a Scaled Quantum Mechanics force field for the molecule. A similar treatment was applied to the thiocyanogen molecule, (SCN)2, for which the experimental frequencies were already reported in the literature. The sets of internal force constants for both molecules show very similar values.
Assuntos
Tiocianatos/química , Modelos Moleculares , Teoria Quântica , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Análise Espectral RamanRESUMO
Blastocystis hominis is a common human parasite with infection rates up to 50% in developing countries, and giardiasis is the commonest intestinal one in Mexico. No doubt, various parasites as Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica can cause rheumatic diseases. This study coproparasitoscopic analysis evaluated the cysts by B. hominis, G. lamblia, E. hartmani, E. coli and E. histolytica in Mexican rheumatic disease patients. Also, ELISA was used to detect E. histolytica, Ascaris lumbricoides, Toxocara canis, and Trichinella spiralis in Mexican patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Thirty-six patients (24 with AS and 12 with RA) and 77 healthy control individuals were enrolled in this study. The frequencies of protozoan cysts were comparable in rheumatic disease patients (AS and RA) and healthy control donors (33 and 25 vs. 26%, respectively; p > 0.05). The frequency of antibodies to T. canis was significantly higher in AS patients than in healthy control donors (16 vs. 2.6%, respectively; p = 0.027), whereas no differences were observed for the prevalence of antibodies for the other parasites (E. histolytica, A. lumbricoides and T. spiralis) (p > 0.05). This information indicates the need to intensify educational efforts for the prevention of parasite infections associated with AS disease that cannot be controlled only by drugs.
Assuntos
Enteropatias Parasitárias/complicações , Doenças Reumáticas/complicações , Espondilite Anquilosante/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos/sangue , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Helmintíase/complicações , Helmintíase/epidemiologia , Humanos , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Infecções por Protozoários/complicações , Infecções por Protozoários/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinical syndrome of varying severity. Although the survival and prognosis of SLE have steadily improved, there is a group of patients who present an acute fatal outcome despite aggressive therapy. We designed this study to evaluate the factors associated with mortality in patients with acute severe SLE. During 2004-06, 41 Mexican SLE patients that could not be managed in the out-patient clinic and with acute severe major organ system involvement [nephritis, severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count below 20 000 per microL) acute neuropsychiatric pulmonary, gastrointestinal or cardiac disease and generalized vasculitis] were studied. During the first admission, disease activity (SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), SLE Activity Measured), damage [SLE International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC)], and therapy were assessed. Survival using Kaplan-Meier curves, odd ratios with 95% confidence interval and logistic regression analysis were used to determine risk factors for mortality. Ninety percent were female with a mean age of 29 +/- 19 years and mean disease duration of 21 +/- 9 months. The principal causes of first admission were renal (27%), SNC (22%) and cardiopulmonary (15%). After a mean follow-up of 9.7 +/- 6 months, 16 (39%) patients died. Deceased patients had significantly higher SLEDAI (P = 0.004), and SLICC (P = 0.03) scores. The manifestations associated with mortality were renal disease activity (odds ratio, OR 4.6, confidence interval, CI 95% 1.0-20.6), infections (OR 3.2 CI 95% 2.0-5.3) and thrombocytopenia (OR 4.0, CI 95% 1.0-15.9). The survival at 9.7 months was 72, 62 and 50% in patients with an SLEDAI score of 3-10, 11-20 and > or =21, respectively. The SLEDAI score, the presence of damage and infection were associated with death in patients with acute severe SLE.
Assuntos
Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/mortalidade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Hospitalização , Humanos , Infecções/complicações , Infecções/mortalidade , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Nefrite Lúpica/mortalidade , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Razão de Chances , Trombocitopenia/complicações , Trombocitopenia/mortalidadeRESUMO
Las microcalcificaciones mamarias son las lesiones no palpables de la mama más frecuentes. Serevisaron de forma retrospectiva todas las fichas clínicas de las pacientes con lesiones mamarias nopalpables visualizadas por mamografía, que concurrieron de febrero a diciembre del año 2001 alConsultorio de Mastología del Hospital Central del Instituto de Previsión Social (HCIPS). Seestudiaron las pacientes que presentaban microcalcificaciones quienes fueron clasificadas y tratadassiguiendo las pautas del Colegio Americano de Radiología. Las pacientes de alta sospecha y las deintermedia con antecedentes familiares de cáncer de mama, fueron sometidas a biopsia radioquirúrgica.En las de baja e intermedia probabilidad de malignidad sin antecedentes familiares, seadoptó una conducta conservadora. De las 106 pacientes con lesiones no palpables de la mama, 78presentaron microcalcificaciones, de ellas 36 (46,2%) fueron de baja, 9 (11,6%) de intermedia, y33 (42,2%) de alta sospecha de malignidad. Al inicio del estudio, 36 pacientes y a los seis meses12 más (seis de baja probabilidad y seis de intermedia sin antecedentes familiares) fueronsometidas a biopsia radio-quirúrgica. Los hallazgos anátomo-patológicos demostraron carcinomamamario en 24 casos (50%), cuatro de ellos invasores (tres con axila comprometida) y 20 noinvasores. Las microcalcificaciones mamarias fueron el hallazgo radiológico más común entre laslesiones no palpables de la mama. Su reconocimiento y caracterización es elemental para detectarprecozmente patologías malignas de la mama
Assuntos
Doenças Mamárias/cirurgia , Neoplasias da MamaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to assess the incidence and risk factors of infections in 200 SLE outpatients. All outpatients with active or inactive SLE without infections in the previous month were included. They were assessed every 3 months. Major infections were those requiring hospitalization and parental antibiotic therapy; minor infections required oral or topical therapy. Sociodemographic, disease activity using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), therapy and laboratory variables were evaluated. After a follow-up of 22+/-7 months, 65 (32%) patients had infections; 35% of those were major. The most common sites for infection were urinary (26%), skin (23%), systemic (12%), and vaginal (9%). At infection onset, 50 of 65 patients (77%) had disease activity, with a mean SLEDAI score of 6.1. The variables significantly associated with infection in the univariate analyses were the presence of disease activity, SLEDAI score, renal activity, prednisone dose, and IV cyclophosphamide. The only variable associated with infection in the multivariate analyses was a SLEDAI score of 4 or higher. Most infections in SLE outpatients were single, minor, non-life threatening, and associated with disease activity independently of sociodemographic and therapeutic factors.
Assuntos
Infecções/etiologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Adulto , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Infecções/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The authors' objective was to determine by 2-dimensional echo Doppler (2DECHO) the cardiac abnormalities in juvenile onset ankylosing spondylitis (JOAS) and adult onset ankylosing spondylitis (AOAS) in male patients with long-term disease. Twenty patients with JOAS, 31 with AOAS, and 20 healthy controls of the same age and gender without cardiopulmonary symptoms were studied. Using 2DECHO, the heart dimensions were determined according to American Society of Echocardiography guidelines. The left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) was calculated by Teichholz's formula. Cardiomyopathy was established when 2DECHO had diminished LVEF. Statistics used were the Student t and Fisher test, chi2, and ANOVA. Ninety percent of JOAS and 51% of AOAS patients were B27+ (p=0.005). The disease duration was 19.3 +/- 8.8 years in JOAS and 14.8 +/- 12.8 years in AOAS (p=NS). Age at the time of the study was 30.7 +/- 9.9 years in JOAS vs 40.3 +/- 12.7 in AOAS (p=0.003), and vs 40.2 +/- 17 years in controls (p=NS). There was a higher frequency of cardiomyopathy in AOAS (32.2%) than in JOAS (25%) and the controls (0%) (p=0.01). Patients with JOAS had a higher mitral valve gradient (25%) than AOAS patients (19%, p=NS) and controls (0%, p=0.04). Abnormal aortic ring reflectance was shown in 19% of AOAS vs 0% abnormalities in JOAS and controls (p=0.01). The aortic root diameter was increased in 58% of AOAS, 30% of JOAS, and 0% of controls (p=0.001). The frequency of 2DECHO abnormalities was increased in cardiopulmonary asymptomatic spondylitis patients. Despite the high frequency of B27+, JOAS had a lower frequency of aortic abnormalities than AOAS. Mitral valve gradient was found in JOAS and in AOAS that could contribute to a decreased ejection fraction and to left ventricular dysfunction.
Assuntos
Ecocardiografia Doppler/métodos , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagem , Espondilite Anquilosante/complicações , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idade de Início , Análise de Variância , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Intervalos de Confiança , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/epidemiologia , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/etiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Valores de Referência , Medição de Risco , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Espondilite Anquilosante/epidemiologia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/epidemiologia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/etiologiaRESUMO
Ichthyosis follicularis, congenital alopecia, and photophobia are typical features of a rare X-linked recessive disorder termed ichthyosis follicularis with atrichia and photophobia syndrome. A 3-year-old male with these findings and severe growth failure, mental retardation, generalized seizures, vascularizing keratitis, nail anomalies, inguinal hernia, and a normal chromosome constitution is presented. Two maternal male relatives were affected by the same condition. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed corpus callosum hypoplasia not described at present. Syndromes with alopecia, seizures, and mental retardation are analyzed on the basis of genetic and clinical results.
Assuntos
Alopecia/congênito , Alopecia/complicações , Ictiose Ligada ao Cromossomo X/complicações , Deficiência Intelectual/complicações , Fotofobia/complicações , Agenesia do Corpo Caloso , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Pré-Escolar , Eletroencefalografia , Epilepsia/complicações , Epilepsia/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Ictiose Ligada ao Cromossomo X/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Lobo Occipital/fisiopatologia , Síndrome , Lobo Temporal/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
A boy with congenital atrichia, ichthyosis follicular, keratitis, cutaneous infections and a huge inguinal hernia, but without deafness is reported. We believe it represents a new case of a rare X-linked recessive syndrome known as ichthyosis follicularis, alopecia, photophobia syndrome (IFAP). The differential diagnosis from keratitis ichthyosis deafness is discussed. The cutaneous infections seen in our case suggest the possibility of considering a genetic link between these syndromes.
Assuntos
Candidíase Cutânea/patologia , Doença de Darier/patologia , Cabelo/anormalidades , Hérnia Inguinal/patologia , Ictiose/patologia , Deficiência Intelectual/patologia , Ceratite/patologia , Convulsões/patologia , Alopecia/patologia , Pré-Escolar , Doença Crônica , Surdez/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Linhagem , Fotofobia/patologia , SíndromeRESUMO
The vibriocidal antibody test is a reliable and well-documented method to determine bacterial antibodies to Vibrio cholerae 01 antigens. It consists of mixing serum dilutions and a steady quantity of bacteria and supplement to cause cell lysis. Titer is determined by visual observation. In this paper, we implemented a change in the presented method where a pH and glucose indicator was added to the culture medium used to stop the reaction, which allowed a quicker reading by any person who are not very familiar with the carrying out of this test since the colour change in the plaque is quite evident.
Assuntos
Atividade Bactericida do Sangue , Vibrio cholerae/imunologia , Animais , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Humanos , CoelhosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intestinal colonization of humans with virulent Vibrio cholerae stimulates substantial, lasting immunity against reinfection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the colonizing capability of various Vibrio cholerae strains which are promising candidates to oral vaccine. METHODS: Infant mouse model modification was used. In order to standardize the method, several parameters were tested, such as culture medium and optimal time of incubation and appropriate number of cells to be inoculated. The following were tested: Vibrio cholerae strain 81, 413, and 251A, which were obtained at the Molecular Biology Department of the National Center for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba. Their virulence cassettes which code for the main virulence factors were deleted. RESULTS: Good variance coefficient (VC) was obtained in repeated experiments. The colonizing properties of attenuated Vibrio cholerae strains evaluated by this method correlated well with those observed for parental strains. CONCLUSIONS: Genetically attenuated Vibrio cholera strains have the same intestinal colonization level as their parental strains in the infant mouse model; thus, genetic manipulation does not affect genes that encode for the synthesis of colonization factors.
Assuntos
Animais Recém-Nascidos , Vacinas contra Cólera , Proteínas de Fímbrias , Intestinos/microbiologia , Vacinas Atenuadas , Vibrio cholerae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Proteínas de Bactérias/biossíntese , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/imunologia , Cólera/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Cólera/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologia , Vibrio cholerae/classificação , Vibrio cholerae/genética , Vibrio cholerae/imunologiaRESUMO
The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) Damage Index is a validated instrument specifically designed to ascertain damage in SLE; this instrument has been applied mainly to Caucasians and African-American SLE patients. The objective of this study was to assess damage using the SLICC/ACR Damage Index in Mexican SLE patients. The SLICC/ACR Damage Index was applied to 210 consecutive SLE patients with disease of variable duration. The SLICC/ACR Damage Index was assessed by review of hospital clinical records, interview and physical examination. One hundred and seventeen (55.5%) patients had some damage. The proportion of patients with damage increased significantly with disease duration (33% at 1-60 months, 66% at 61-120 months and 70% at > or = 121 months, P < 0.001). The main organ systems involved were musculoskeletal (osteonecrosis), neuropsychiatric (neuropathy, seizures), gonadal (amenorrhea prior to age 40 years), ocular (cataracts), renal (glomerular filtration < 50%) and peripheral vascular (permanent damage by venous thrombosis). Damage was frequent, increased over time, particularly for ocular, renal, musculoskeletal and gonadal. Patients who experienced damage were older, had a longer disease duration, a greater number of ACR criteria at diagnosis, and were more likely to have renal involvement and antibodies to dsDNA. The damage occurred in many different domains and started to develop early after disease onset. Mexican patients had more peripheral vascular and gonadal involvement compared with published data from non-Hispanic SLE populations.
Assuntos
Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/epidemiologia , Atividades Cotidianas , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idade de Início , Oftalmopatias/complicações , Feminino , Doenças Urogenitais Femininas/complicações , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Nefropatias/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/psicologia , Masculino , Doenças Urogenitais Masculinas , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas/complicações , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/complicações , Doenças Vasculares Periféricas/complicações , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Vacinas contra Cólera/administração & dosagem , Cólera/imunologia , Duodeno/microbiologia , Imunização , Vibrio cholerae/imunologia , Animais , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Cólera/prevenção & controle , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Íleo/microbiologia , Íleo/cirurgia , Mucosa Intestinal/imunologia , Coelhos , Vacinas Atenuadas/genética , Vibrio cholerae/genéticaAssuntos
Estradiol/farmacologia , Noretindrona/análogos & derivados , Hipófise/efeitos dos fármacos , Prolactina/metabolismo , Animais , Feminino , Imuno-Histoquímica , Noretindrona/farmacologia , Acetato de Noretindrona , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovariectomia , Hipófise/citologia , Hipófise/metabolismo , Prolactina/sangue , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The highest rate for bladder cancer in Latin America has been reported from La Plata, Argentina. A case-control study was carried out to investigate the reasons for this high rate. A total of 117 cases, 117 hospital controls and 117 neighbourhood sex- and age-matched controls were interviewed regarding their smoking and drinking habits and occupational exposures. Cigarette smoking and coffee drinking were identified as the major risk factors, and a significant association was also found for truck and railway drivers and for oil refinery workers. The relative risks for male smokers who ever smoked cigarettes vs. non-smokers was 4.3 (95% Cl: 1.9-10.3). The risk associated with black tobacco cigarettes was 2-3 times higher than that of blond cigarettes. For male ex-smokers the risk after 5 years of no smoking is less than one third of that of current smokers. The RR for drinking coffee was 2.4 (95% Cl: 1.4-4.4) after adjusting for the effects of tobacco smoking, and the risk increased with the number of cups per day. No association was found with the use of saccharin.