RESUMO
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir la relación que existe entre conflicto trabajo- familia, percepción de equidad de género y bienestar subjetivo en funcionarios de la salud en la región del Maule (Chile). A 255 funcionarios de tres servicios públicos de salud se les administraron los instrumentos de Escala CTF/CFT, Cuestionario de Percepción de Equidad de Género, Escala de Satisfacción Vital y la Escala de Felicidad Subjetiva. Se observó que la dirección del conflicto trabajo-familia se orienta predominantemente de la familia hacia el trabajo. Asimismo, se encontró que existe una relación estadísticamente significativa y negativa entre las variables de conflicto trabajo-familia y la percepción de equidad de género, al igual que en las variables de conflicto trabajo-familia y bienestar subjetivo. Por el contrario, se evidencia que existe una relación estadísticamente significativa y positiva entre la percepción de equidad de género y el bienestar subjetivo. Se concluye la necesidad de afrontar los cambios sociales que se han ido experimentando con la inserción de la mujer al mundo laboral y en cómo ocurre un desajuste en términos de conciliación trabajo-familia a partir de los desafíos pospandemia.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a relação que existe entre conflito trabalho- família, percepção de equidade de gênero e bem-estar subjetivo em funcionários da saúde na região de Maule. A 255 funcionários de três serviços públicos de saúde, foram administrados os instrumentos Escala CTF/CTF, Questionário de Percepção de Equidade de Gênero, Escala de Satisfação Vital e Escala de Felicidade Subjetiva. Observou-se que a direção do conflito trabalho-família se orienta predominantemente da família para o trabalho. Também se verificou que existe uma relação estatisticamente significativa e negativa entre as variáveis de conflito trabalho-família e a percepção de equidade de gênero, da mesma forma que as variáveis de conflito trabalho-família e bem-estar subjetivo. Contrariamente, é evidente que existe uma relação estatisticamente significativa e positiva entre a percepção de equidade de gênero e o bem-estar subjetivo. Conclui-se a necessidade de enfrentar as mudanças sociais que vão sendo experimentadas com a inserção da mulher no mundo do trabalho e em como ocorre um desajuste em termos da conciliação trabalho-família, compreendendo os desafios pós-pandemia.
The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between work- family conflict, perception of gender equality and subjective well-being of health officials in the Maule Region (Chile). The sample used was 255 health officials from three public services of the Maule Region. The instruments used were the CTF/CFT Scale, the Gender Equity Perception Questionnaire, the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Subjective Happiness Scale. It was observed that the direction of work-family conflict is predominantly from family to work. In the same way, it was found that there is a statistically significant and negative relationship between the work-family conflict variables and the perception of gender equity, as well as in the work-family conflict and subjective well-being variables. On the other hand, it is evidenced that there is a statistically significant and positive relationship between the perception of gender equity and subjective well-being. It is concluded that it is necessary to face the social changes that have been experienced with the insertion of women into the labor market and how a mismatch occurs in terms of work- family conciliation, understanding the post-pandemic challenges.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Since the late twentieth century, Chagas disease gained global attention to suppress the vector burden as a main control strategy in endemic countries. In Central America, multi-national initiative successfully achieved significant reduction in the estimated disease prevalence as well as elimination of the region's principal vector species at the time in 2012. While the last decade has witnessed significant changes in ecosystem-such as urbanization and replacement of the main vector species-that can possibly affect the vector's habitation and residual transmission, the up-to-date vector burden in the region has not been evaluated thoroughly due to the cessation of active vector surveillance. The aim of this study was to update the risk of vector-borne Trypanosoma cruzi infection in El Salvador, the top Chagas disease-endemic country in Central America. METHODS: A nationwide vector survey was conducted in the domestic environment of El Salvador from September 2018 to November 2020. The selection of the houses for inspection was based on expert purposeful sampling. Infection for T. cruzi was examined by microscopic observation of the insects' feces, followed by a species confirmation using PCR. The data were analyzed using R software version 4.1.3. Proportion estimates with 95% confidence intervals were inferred using the Jeffrey's method provided under the epiR package. RESULTS: A total of 1529 Triatoma dimidiata was captured from 107 houses (infestation rate, 34.4%; 107/311) in all the fourteen departments of the country visited within the period; prevalence of T. cruzi infection was as high as 10% (153/1529). In the country, domestic T. dimidiata infestation was distributed ubiquitously, while T. cruzi infection rates varied across the departments. Five out of fourteen departments showed higher infection rates than the average, suggesting sporadic high-risk areas in the country. CONCLUSIONS: Our comprehensive study revealed substantial T. cruzi infection of T. dimidiata across the country, indicating potential active transmission of the disease. Therefore, strengthened surveillance for both vector and human infection is required to truly eliminate the risk of T. cruzi transmission in Central America.