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1.
Rev Med Chil ; 149(4): 543-553, 2021 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34479342

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Violence against women (VAW) is a violation of women's fundamental rights and special attention must be paid during the gestational and postpartum period. AIM: To determine the prevalence of violence against women attending antenatal and postpartum controls in Primary Health Centers. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) for early detection of VAW was applied to 279 pregnant and 102 puerperal women attending five public primary health centers in metropolitan Santiago. RESULTS: The prevalence ofviolence against pregnant and puerperal women was 5.7 and 5.9%, respectively. In both groups, the factors associated with a greater risk of violence were being immigrants, a history of domestic violence, not having a supportive partner and alcohol consumption by the partner. CONCLUSIONS: Violence against these women is a multifactorial, complex and structural phenomenon, which involves the victim, the abuser and the entire social system. Primary health care level and health professionals can be key elements applying early detection strategies, timely referral mechanisms and bringing emotional support for victims.


Assuntos
Violência Doméstica , Chile/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Período Pós-Parto , Gravidez , Prevalência
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(4): 543-553, abr. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389486

RESUMO

Background: Violence against women (VAW) is a violation of women's fundamental rights and special attention must be paid during the gestational and postpartum period. Aim: To determine the prevalence of violence against women attending antenatal and postpartum controls in Primary Health Centers. Material and Method: The Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) for early detection of VAW was applied to 279 pregnant and 102 puerperal women attending five public primary health centers in metropolitan Santiago. Results: The prevalence ofviolence against pregnant and puerperal women was 5.7 and 5.9%, respectively. In both groups, the factors associated with a greater risk of violence were being immigrants, a history of domestic violence, not having a supportive partner and alcohol consumption by the partner. Conclusions: Violence against these women is a multifactorial, complex and structural phenomenon, which involves the victim, the abuser and the entire social system. Primary health care level and health professionals can be key elements applying early detection strategies, timely referral mechanisms and bringing emotional support for victims.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Violência Doméstica , Chile/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Período Pós-Parto
3.
Int J Environ Health Res ; 27(1): 82-93, 2017 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28002976

RESUMO

The objective was to evaluate the characteristics of exposure to OP pesticides and health status in Chilean farm workers from the Maule Region. An occupational health questionnaire was administered in 207 agricultural and non-agricultural workers. For the group of agricultural workers, we asked about specific occupational exposure history and symptoms of OP pesticide poisoning. The main health problem of the exposed group was previous OP pesticide poisoning (p < 0.001). Fifty-six percent of agricultural workers reported symptoms consistent with acute OP pesticide poisoning. The use of respiratory personal protective equipment and younger age were protective against these symptoms, and number of years of OP pesticide exposure was positively associated with reporting symptoms of poisoning. Of the pesticide applicators 47 % reported using chlorpyrifos. The regulations regarding use and application of pesticides should be strengthened, as should training and intervention with workers to improve the use of personal protective equipment.


Assuntos
Exposição Ocupacional , Intoxicação por Organofosfatos/epidemiologia , Praguicidas/intoxicação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Chile , Fazendeiros , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Saúde Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Intoxicação por Organofosfatos/etiologia , Adulto Jovem
4.
Int J Occup Environ Health ; 22(1): 68-79, 2016 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27128815

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that acute poisoning from exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides in agricultural workers causes adverse health effects. However, neuropsychological and cognitive effects of chronic occupational exposure to OP pesticides remain controversial. OBJECTIVE: To identify, evaluate, and systematize existing evidence regarding chronic exposure to OP pesticides and neuropsychological effects in farmworkers. METHODS: Using the PubMed search engine, a systematic review process was implemented and replicated according to the PRISMA statement. Eligibility criteria included workers over 18 years of age exposed to OP pesticides as well as assessment of neuropsychological and cognitive functioning. Search terms were in English and Spanish languages and included organophosphate and workers. RESULTS: Of the search results, 33 of 1,256 articles meet eligibility criteria. Twenty-four studies found an association between chronic occupational exposure to OP pesticides and low neuropsychological performance in workers. We classified nine of the studies to have study design limitations. Studies indicated occupational exposure to OP pesticides is linked to difficulties in executive functions, psychomotor speed, verbal, memory, attention, processing speed, visual-spatial functioning, and coordination. Nine studies find no relationship between OP pesticides exposure and neuropsychological performance. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, evidence suggests an association between chronic occupational exposure to OP pesticides and neuropsychological effects. However, there is no consensus about the specific cognitive skills affected.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas/induzido quimicamente , Síndromes Neurotóxicas/etiologia , Organofosfatos/efeitos adversos , Praguicidas/efeitos adversos , Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas/psicologia , Cognição/efeitos dos fármacos , Fazendeiros/psicologia , Humanos , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Destreza Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Síndromes Neurotóxicas/psicologia , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos
5.
Gac Sanit ; 30(3): 227-31, 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26907086

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate organophosphate pesticide exposure and neuropsychological and motor performance in agricultural and non-agricultural workers in the Maule Region in Chile. METHOD: Analytic cross-sectional study in 93 exposed farm workers and 84 unexposed non-agricultural workers. A battery of four neuropsychological tests was administered together with a neuro-motor physical examination. RESULTS: On the Weschler adult intelligence scale (WAIS-IV), exposed agricultural workers exhibited poorer performance than non-agricultural workers in verbal comprehension (ß=-3.2; p=0.034) and processing speed (ß=-4.4; p=0.036) and in the full scale (ß=-4; p=0.016), as well as in discrimination sensitivity (ß=1, p=0,009), adjusted by years of schooling and/or age. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest the development of policies and regulations for the control, sale and use of organophosphate pesticides and intervention strategies on safety measures aimed at the exposed population.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas/induzido quimicamente , Compreensão/efeitos dos fármacos , Inteligência/efeitos dos fármacos , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Organofosfatos/toxicidade , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Chile , Cognição/efeitos dos fármacos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
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