RESUMO
Mouse inoculation test (MIT) is a technique widely used for rabies diagnosis and must be liable to refinement due to animal welfare. The present study aims to compare five different anesthetic associations to stablish a protocol to improve the MIT procedure suitable for animal welfare and safe for a routine of viral isolation in newly weaned mice (3 weeks of age). 80 Swiss-Webster mice (Mus musculus) - 40 females and 40 males, 3-week-old, weight ranging from 11 to 14 grams were used to conduct all procedures. Five anesthetic associations were tested: KX (Ketamine 100 mg/kg and Xylazine 10 mg/kg), KXA (Ketamine 80 mg/kg, Xylazine 5 mg/kg, and Acepromazine 1 mg/kg), KXT (Ketamine 80 mg/kg, Xylazine 5 mg/kg, and Tramadol 5 mg/kg), KXAT (Ketamine 100 mg/kg, Xylazine 10 mg/kg, Acepromazine 2 mg/kg and Tramadol 5 mg/kg) and ATI (Acepromazine 1 mg/kg + Tramadol 5 mg/kg + Isoflurane 5% - 0.5 L/min for induction and 2.5% - 0.5L/min for maintenance). Injectable anesthesia was administered intraperitoneally. We monitored the respiratory rate and body temperature. Response to anesthesia was evaluated according to the induction, surgical anesthesia, and recovery periods. The KXAT and ATI protocols induced surgical anesthesia, with the ATI protocol being the most appropriate and safe to perform the MIT procedure with 100% efficiency, absence of mortality, and rapid recovery of respiratory rate and temperature in the period after the procedure.
Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Raiva/diagnóstico , Bem-Estar do Animal , Anestesia/métodos , Camundongos , Tramadol , Xilazina , Isoflurano , Ketamina , AcepromazinaRESUMO
O isolamento viral em camundongos (IVC) é uma técnica amplamente utilizada em laboratórios pelo Brasil, por não ser necessário o despendimento de alta complexidade tecnológica, além de permitir uma amplificação viral e produção de vírus. A continuidade da experimentação animal quando necessária na ciência moderna deve ser suscetível ao refinamento e respaldada pela legislação devido à preocupação com a qualidade de vida do animal durante os procedimentos e a necessidade de reduzir os riscos e o grau de sofrimento dos animais sempre que possível. Em conformidade com o assunto, o presente estudo visa estabelecer protocolos anestésicos a serem empregados no IVC em camundongos recém-desmamados a fim de promover melhoria para o bem-estar animal. Para tanto, foram utilizados 80 camundongos Swiss-Webster (Mus musculus), 40 fêmeas e 40 machos, recém-desmamados (21 dias), pesando entre 11 e 14 gramas. Foram testados 5 tipos de associação: CX (Xilazina 10mg/kg e Cetamina 100 mg/kg), CXA (Xilazina 5mg/kg, Cetamina 80 mg/kg e Acepromazina 1 mg/kg), CXT (Xilazina 5 mg/kg, Cetamina 80 mg/kg e Tramadol 5 mg/kg), CXAT (Cetamina 100 mg/kg, Xilazina 10 mg/kg, Acepromazina 2mg/kg e Tramadol 5 mg/kg) e ITA (Isoflurano 5% indução e 2,5% manutenção, Tramadol 5 mg/kg e Acepromazina 1 mg/kg). Os animais foram avaliados quanto ao período de indução (perda do endireitamento até perda dos reflexos podais/caudal), período de plano anestésico (tempo de permanência com ausência dos reflexos) e período de recuperação (retorno dos reflexos até o retorno do endireitamento). Além de parâmetros vitais, tais como frequência respiratória e temperatura corpórea. Os protocolos CXAT e IAT foram passíveis de induzir anestesia, sendo o protocolo IAT o mais adequado e seguro para realizar o procedimento de IVC com 100% de eficiência, ausência de mortalidade, menor queda de temperatura e de frequência respiratória e com recuperação pós-anestésica mais rápida (AU).
Viral isolation in mice (VIM) is a technique widely used in laboratories throughout Brazil, as it does not require the expenditure of high technological complexity, in addition to allowing viral amplification and virus production. The continuity of animal experimentation when necessary in modern science must be susceptible to refinement and supported by legislation due to the concern with the quality of life of the animal during the procedures and the need to reduce the risks and the degree of suffering of the animals whenever possible. In accordance with the subject, the present study aims to establish anesthetic protocols to be used in the VIM in recently weaned mice in order to promote improvement for animal welfare. For this purpose, 80 Swiss-Webster mice (Mus musculus), 40 females and 40 males, recently weaned (21 days), weighing between 11 and 14 grams, were used. Five types of association were tested: CX (Xylazine 10mg / kg and Ketamine 100 mg / kg), CXA (Xylazine 5mg / kg, Ketamine 80 mg / kg and Acepromazine 1 mg / kg), CXT (Xylazine 5 mg / kg, Ketamine 80 mg / kg and Tramadol 5 mg / kg), CXAT (Ketamine 100 mg / kg, Xylazine 10 mg / kg, Acepromazine 2 mg / kg and Tramadol 5 mg / kg) and ITA (Isoflurane 5% induction and 2.5% maintenance, Tramadol 5 mg / kg and Acepromazine 1 mg / kg). The animals were evaluated for the induction period (loss of straightening up to loss of foot / flow reflexes), period of anesthetic plan (length of stay with absence of reflexes) and recovery period (return of reflexes until the return of straightening). In addition to vital parameters, such as respiratory rate and body temperature. The CXAT and IAT protocols were able to induce anesthesia, with the IAT protocol being the most appropriate and safe to perform the VIM procedure with 100% efficiency, absence of mortality, lower drop in temperature and respiratory rate and with faster post-anesthetic recovery. (AU)