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BACKGROUND: The gut microbiota is a significant reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). The use and misuse of antimicrobials can select multi-resistant bacteria and modify the repertoire of ARGs in the gut. Developing effective interventions to manipulate the intestinal resistome would allow us to modify the antimicrobial resistance risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Applying shotgun metagenomics, we compared the composition of fecal resistome from individuals treated with triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori plus Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM-I 745 (Sb) versus triple antibiotherapy without S. boulardii (control) before, after, and one month after treatments. DNA samples were sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Reads were trimmed and filtered for quality, and the reads classified as host genome were removed from further analysis. We used the ResFinder database for resistome analysis and the web-based tool ResistoXplorer and RStudio for graphical representation and statistical analysis. RESULTS: We identified 641 unique ARGs in all fecal samples, conferring resistance to 18 classes of antibiotics. The most prevalent ARGs found in at least 90% of the samples before the treatments were against tetracyclines, MLS-B (macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B), beta-lactams, and aminoglycosides. Differential abundance analysis allowed the identification of ARGs significantly different between treatment groups. Thus, immediately after the treatments, the abundance of ARGs that confer resistance to lincosamides, tetracyclines, MLS-B, and two genes in the beta-lactam class (cfxA2 and cfxA3) was significantly lower in the group that received Sb than in the control group (edgeR, FDR <0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that the addition of S. boulardii CNCM-I 745 to the conventional antibiotic eradication therapy for H. pylori reduced the abundance of ARGs, particularly those genes that confer resistance to lincosamides, tetracyclines, MLS-B, and a few genes in the beta-lactams class.

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Advances in culture-independent research techniques have led to an increased understanding of the gut microbiota and the role it plays in health and disease. The intestine is populated by a complex microbial community that is organized around a network of metabolic interdependencies. It is now understood that the gut microbiota is vital for normal development and functioning of the human body, especially for the priming and maturation of the adaptive immune system. Antibiotic use can have several negative effects on the gut microbiota, including reduced species diversity, altered metabolic activity, and the selection of antibiotic-resistant organisms, which in turn can lead to antibiotic-associated diarrhea and recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections. There is also evidence that early childhood exposure to antibiotics can lead to several gastrointestinal, immunologic, and neurocognitive conditions. The increase in the use of antibiotics in recent years suggests that these problems are likely to become more acute or more prevalent in the future. Continued research into the structure and function of the gut microbiota is required to address this challenge.

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BACKGROUND: Evidence indicates that low-grade inflammation can alter gastrointestinal motor and sensory function and might contribute to the genesis of symptoms in IBS. OBJECTIVE: To examine relationships between IBS, disease antibodies and cytokine titers in celiac patients and a control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IBS, CD activity and serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL12/23p40 were determined in celiac patients and controls. RESULTS: 123 celiac patients were included, 89% were female. 59% demonstrated disease activity and 32% met IBS criteria. Prevalence of IBS was not different between patients who adhered or did not adhere to GFD as well as between patients with or without positive antibodies. Celiac patients had increased levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL12/23p40 as compared to controls. Higher levels of cytokines were found in celiac patients with IBS than in those without IBS. No difference in levels of cytokines was found between patients with and without CD positive antibodies. A significant negative correlation between the mental component of QoL and IL-6 and IL12/23p40 levels was found, but not with IL-8. CONCLUSION: Higher levels of inflammatory cytokines were found in CD patients with IBS than in either those without IBS or controls, indicating that IBS symptoms are associated with an increase in the inflammatory response and a decrease in quality of life of CD patients. These differences in cytokine levels were not related to CD antibodies status suggesting that IBS, in CD, is related to a different inflammatory process than that which is relevant to CD.

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BACKGROUND: Intestinal microbiota are recognized as an organ with important physiological functions whose alterations have been associated with common diseases including inflammatory intestinal conditions, malnutrition, type-2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The composition and function of the microbiota in the distal part of the intestine has been mainly described, while there is limited information on the small intestine microbiota. The objective of the present study was to describe the duodenal microbiome in individuals with dyspepsia in the presence or absence of Helicobacter pylori gastric infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight biopsies from the proximal duodenum of uninfected and 37 from H pylori-infected individuals were analyzed. Microbiota composition was assessed by PCR amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS genes; sequences were analyzed with QIIME2. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: At the phyla level, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria were predominant in the mucosal associated duodenal microbiota (MAM); at the genera level, we observed the predominance of Ralstonia, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Haemophilus, Herbaspirillum, Neisseria, and Veillonella. Microbiota α-diversity was higher in H pylori-infected individuals than in non-infected ones. In terms of ß-diversity metrics, there was a statistically significant difference between groups. Also, relative abundance of Haemophilus, Neisseria, Prevotella pallens, Prevotella 7, and Streptococcus was greater in H pylori-infected patients. In infected patients, several types of H pylori were present in duodenal MAM. Finally, the majority of duodenal samples had fungi sequences; the most common taxa observed were Recurvomyces followed by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.

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ABSTRACT Background: Evidence indicates that low-grade inflammation can alter gastrointestinal motor and sensory function and might contribute to the genesis of symptoms in IBS. Objective: To examine relationships between IBS, disease antibodies and cytokine titers in celiac patients and a control group. Materials and methods: IBS, CD activity and serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL12/23p40 were determined in celiac patients and controls. Results: 123 celiac patients were included, 89% were female. 59% demonstrated disease activity and 32% met IBS criteria. Prevalence of IBS was not different between patients who adhered or did not adhere to GFD as well as between patients with or without positive antibodies. Celiac patients had increased levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL12/23p40 as compared to controls. Higher levels of cytokines were found in celiac patients with IBS than in those without IBS. No difference in levels of cytokines was found between patients with and without CD positive antibodies. A significant negative correlation between the mental component of QoL and IL-6 and IL12/23p40 levels was found, but not with IL-8. Conclusion: Higher levels of inflammatory cytokines were found in CD patients with IBS than in either those without IBS or controls, indicating that IBS symptoms are associated with an increase in the inflammatory response and a decrease in quality of life of CD patients. These differences in cytokine levels were not related to CD antibodies status suggesting that IBS, in CD, is related to a different inflammatory process than that which is relevant to CD.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: la evidencia indica que la inflamación de bajo grado puede alterar la función motora y sensorial gastrointestinal y puede contribuir a la aparición de síntomas en el SII. Objetivo: Examinar la relación entre SII, anticuerpos contra enfermedades y títulos de citocinas en pacientes celíacos y un grupo de control. Materiales y métodos: se determinaron los síntomas de SII, actividad de CD y niveles séricos de IL-6, IL-8 e IL12 / 23p40 en pacientes celíacos y controles. Resultados: se incluyeron 123 pacientes celíacos, el 89% eran mujeres. El 59% demostró actividad de la enfermedad y el 32% cumplió con los criterios del SII. La prevalencia del SII no fue diferente entre los pacientes que se adhirieron o no se adhirieron a GFD, así como entre los pacientes con o sin anticuerpos positivos. Los pacientes celíacos tenían niveles aumentados de IL-6, IL-8 e IL12 / 23p40 en comparación con los controles. Se encontraron niveles más altos de citocinas en pacientes celíacos con SII que en aquellos sin SII. No se encontraron diferencias en los niveles de citocinas entre pacientes con y sin anticuerpos CD positivos. Se encontró una correlación negativa significativa entre el componente mental de la calidad de vida y los niveles de IL-6 e IL12 / 23p40, pero no con IL-8. Conclusión: Se encontraron niveles más altos de citocinas inflamatorias en pacientes con EC con SII que en aquellos sin SII o controles, lo que indica que los síntomas del SII están asociados con un aumento en la respuesta inflamatoria y una disminución en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con CD. Estas diferencias en los niveles de citocinas no estaban relacionadas con el estado de los anticuerpos contra la CD, lo que sugiere que el SII, en la CD, está relacionado con un proceso inflamatorio diferente al que es relevante para la CD.

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Conventional therapy for H. pylori infection includes the combination of antibiotics and a proton-pump inhibitor. Addition of probiotics as adjuvants for H. pylori antibiotic treatment can increase eradication rate and decrease treatment side effects. Although many studies show the benefits of S. boulardii CNCM I-745 in the treatment of H. pylori infection, the mechanism by which those benefits are achieved is unknown. Here, we report clinical characteristics and fecal microbiota changes comparing conventional anti-H. pylori therapy versus conventional therapy supplemented with S. boulardii CNCM I-745. A total of 74 patients were included in the current study; patients positive for H. pylori (n = 63) were randomly assigned to 2 groups: 34 patients received conventional therapy and 29 antibiotic therapy plus 750 mg of S. boulardii CNCM I-745 daily, for 2 weeks. Eleven patients negative for H. pylori infection were also studied. Patients provided 3 fecal samples: before initiating the antibiotic treatment, upon its completion, and 1 month after treatment. Patients were contacted every 72 h to inquire about side effects and compliance. DNA was extracted, and 16S rRNA was amplified and sequenced on Illumina MiSeq. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using QIIME2. Patients who received the probiotic had a significantly lower frequency of associated gastrointestinal symptoms (P = 0.028); higher number of bacterial diversity evenness (P = 0.0156); higher abundance of Enterobacteria; and lower abundance of Bacteroides and Clostridia upon treatment completion. Addition of S. boulardii CNCM I-745 induced a lower frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms that could be related to changes in gut microbiota.

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Introduction. In Uruguay, the special care required for children with neurodevelopmental disorders presents difficulties including lack of access to specialists and rehabilitation services. Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) connects primary care clinicians from remote areas to specialists to enable them to treat complex conditions through ongoing education and mentoring. Objective. To share the experience of the ECHO Autism program during the first 2 years of implementation. Methods. Analysis of ECHO Autism clinics from June 2015 to June 2017 including clinical cases presented participants' self-perception of changes in skills and competences. Results. Twenty clinical cases were presented: mean age 4.5 years; 15 were males; and 17 with medical and psychiatric comorbidities. After ECHO Autism implementation, a statistically significant improvement in participants' self-perception of skills and competences was observed. Conclusions. ECHO Autism in Uruguay is a meaningful approach to autism care and offers improved access to best practice care.

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El Proyecto ECHO (Extension of Community Health Outcomes) es una iniciativa de alcance internacional cuyo ánimo fue mejorar el acceso a la atención especializada para las poblaciones rurales mediante la utilización de tecnologías de la comunicación. Desde el año 2014 se introdujo en Uruguay, abordando actualmente varias patologías. La Clínica Ginecotocológica A de la Facultad de Medicina desarrolla las teleclínicas ECHO para el abordaje de la prevención y el tratamiento del cáncer de cuello uterino (CCU) en Uruguay de forma mensual desde junio del 2015 hasta la fecha. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar los resultados del Proyecto ECHO en Uruguay en el abordaje preventivo del CCU. Entre junio de 2015 y julio de 2016 se realizaron un total de 13 teleclínicas sobre CCU. Se conectaron profesionales desde seis departamentos del país: Paysandú, Rivera, Tacuarembó, San José, Colonia y Montevideo. Los centros asistenciales que se conectaron fueron nueve. Se abordaron 21 casos clínicos, dando respuesta a las interrogantes planteadas y realizándose actualizaciones de temas relevantes sobre la patología. Participan especialistas de diferentes áreas: ginecólogos clínicos, ginecólogos especialistas en tracto genital, anatomopatólogos, imagenólogo, oncólogos, radioterapeutas y residentes de ginecotocología. El promedio de participantes por teleclínica en este período fue de 15. En el abordaje del CCU el proyecto ha brindado la posibilidad de homogeneizar criterios diagnósticos además de la actualización mantenida en todos los aspectos de la enfermedad.

ECHO (Extension of Community Health Outcomes) Project is a global initiative which aims to improve access of rural populations to specialized health care service, by means of using communication technologies. It was introduced in Uruguay in 2014 and it has addressed several conditions already. The Gynecotological Clinic A of the School of Medicine has developed ECHO Tele-Clinics to address prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in Uruguay on a monthly basis, since June 2015 and until today. The study aims to present the results obtained in Project ECHO in Uruguay in the prevention of cervical cancer. 13 Tele-Clinics on cervical cancer were developed from June 2015 until July 2016. Professionals of six departments around Uruguay - Paysandú, Rivera, Tacuarembó, San José, Colonia and Montevideo - participated of them, and 9 healthcare centers took part of the initiative. 21 clinical cases were discussed, answers were provided for the queries submitted and an update on relevant aspects of the condition was given. The Tele-Clinics involved specialists in different areas: clinical gynecologists, gynecologists specialized in the genital tract, pathologists, imagenology specialists, oncologists, radiotherapists, and gynecology residents. Average number of participants was 15. The Project has enabled the homogenization of diagnostic criteria as well as a sustained update on all aspects of the disease in the handling of cervical cancer.

O Projeto ECHO (Extension of Community Health Outcomes) é uma iniciativa com alcance internacional, cujo objetivo é melhorar o acesso à atenção especializada para as populações rurais utilizando tecnologias de comunicação. Foi introduzido no Uruguai em 2014 e atualmente inclui várias patologias. A Clínica Ginecotocológica A da Facultad de Medicina realiza teleclínicas ECHO para a abordagem da prevenção e tratamento do câncer de colo do útero (CCU) no Uruguai mensalmente desde junho de 2015. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar os resultados do Projeto ECHO no Uruguai na abordagem preventiva do CCU. Entre junho de 2015 e julho de 2016 foram realizadas 13 teleclínicas sobre CCU. Profissionais de seis departamentos do país: Paysandú, Rivera, Tacuarembó, San José, Colônia e Montevidéu e nove centros assistenciais estiveram conectados. Foram discutidos 21 casos clínicos, respondendo às dúvidas apresentadas e também atualizando temas relacionados a essa patologia. Participaram especialistas de diferentes áreas: ginecologistas clínicos, ginecologistas especializados em sistema genital, patologistas, oncologistas, especialistas em imagens e em radioterapia e residentes de tocoginecologia. O número medio de participantes por teleclínica foi 15. Na abordagem do CCU, o Projeto oferece a possibilidade de homogeneizar critérios diagnósticos além do realizar uma atualização permanente em todos os aspectos da enfermidade.

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BACKGROUND: Strong acid inhibition increases cure rates with triple therapy and 14-day are more effective than 7-day treatments. The combination of amoxicillin plus metronidazole at full doses has been shown to overcome metronidazole resistance and to achieve good eradication rates even in patients harboring resistant strains. No previous studies have been reported in Latin-America with this optimized triple-therapy scheme. AIMS: The aim of the present study was to assess the eradication rate and tolerance of a new first-line treatment regimen associating strong acid inhibition, amoxicillin and metronidazole. METHODS: Patients from the Clínica de Gastroenterología of the Hospital de Clínicas (Montevideo, Uruguay) were included. Hp status was mainly assessed by at least one of the following: histologyor urea breath test (UBT). A 14-day treatment was prescribed comprising esomeprazole 40mg twice a day plus amoxicillin 1g and metronidazole 500mg, both three times a day. H. pylori cure was assessed by UBT. RESULTS: Forty-one patients were enrolled. Mean age was 53.3±13 years and 17.1% of patients were male. Main indications for treatment were: functional dyspepsia (27.5%), gastritis (45%), gastric or duodenal erosions (20%), gastric ulcer (5%) and intestinal metaplasia (2.5%). H. pylori eradication was achieved in 33 of the 37 patients who returned for follow-up. Eradication rates were 80.5% (95% CI: 68.4-92.6) by intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and 89.2% (95% CI; 79.2-99.2) per protocol (PP). No major side effects were reported; 26 patients (65.8%) complained of mild side effects (nausea, diarrhea and headache). CONCLUSIONS: Cure rates of this triple therapy including esomeprazole, amoxicillin and metronidazole were 81% per ITT and the treatment was well tolerated. These optimal results with a simple clarithromycin-free triple therapy are better than described for standard triple therapy but there is still room for improvement to reach the desired target of 90% per ITT.

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One third of patients with symptoms of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) are unresponsive to proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs). Most of them suffer from functional heartburn or other functional pathology. The mechanisms involved include non-acid reflux, aerophagia and belching, reflux hypersensitivity and psychological comorbidities. After ensuring adherence to nonpharmacologic measures and changes in types of PPIs, the initial diagnostic strategy is based on finding erosive esophagitis and rule out eosinophilic esophagitis in endoscopy and prove or rule out abnormal gastro esophageal reflux (GER) and association of symptoms by pH monitoring with or without impedanciometry. After ruling out GERD, the association of symptoms in these tests can direct therapy toward the use of baclofen or pain modulators.

Un tercio de los pacientes con síntomas de enfermedad por reflujo gastro-esofágico (ERGE) no responden a inhibidores de la bomba de protones (IBP). La mayoría de ellos padece una patología esofágica funcional. Los mecanismos implicados incluyen reflujo no ácido, aerofagia y eructos, hipersensibilidad al ácido y comorbilidad psicológica. Luego de asegurar adherencia a medidas no farmacológicas y cambios en tipos de IBP, la estrategia diagnóstica inicial se basa en hallazgo de esofagitis erosiva y descarte de esofagitis eosinofílica en la endoscopia, así como objetivar/descartar RGE patológico y asociación de síntomas mediante pHmetría con o sin impedanciometría. Tras descartar RGE patológico, la asociación de síntomas en estas últimas pruebas pueden dirigir la terapia hacia el uso de baclofeno y moduladores del dolor.

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Intracranial sinus venous thrombosis (ICSVT) is a rare complication of ulcerative colitis that affects from 1.7 to 7.5% of patients. We report a 22 year-old male with ulcerative colitis in treatment with mesalazine and prednisone presenting with headache and speech disturbances. A magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a left temporal hemorrhagic infarct with thrombosis of the ispilateral superficial vein and sigmoid venous sinus. No cause of thrombophilia was detected. Anticoagulation with heparin was started which was changed to oral anticoagulation with warfarin. The patient was discharged ten days after admission.

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Intracranial sinus venous thrombosis (ICSVT) is a rare complication of ulcerative colitis that affects from 1.7 to 7.5% of patients. We report a 22 year-old male with ulcerative colitis in treatment with mesalazine and prednisone presenting with headache and speech disturbances. A magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a left temporal hemorrhagic infarct with thrombosis of the ispilateral superficial vein and sigmoid venous sinus. No cause of thrombophilia was detected. Anticoagulation with heparin was started which was changed to oral anticoagulation with warfarin. The patient was discharged ten days after admission.

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INTRODUCTION: The eradication rate of the Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection using standard triple therapy has dropped globally in recent years, primarily due to the occurrence of antibiotic resistance. METHODS: Several therapy regimens were assessed in 823 patients treated the first time for H pylori infection in Uruguay, during the 1997 to 2011 period, divided into five-year groups. All patients underwent 13C isotope-urea breath testing, between the 8th and 24th weeks after therapy. The standard triple plan (amoxicillin, clarithromycin and proton pump inhibitors) was the most commonly used (86.8%). RESULTS: The overall eradication rate was 66.6% (548 patients). With the standard triple plan, the reported eradication rates were 75% for the first 5-year term and 70.1% for the second 5-year term. The difference between these two periods was not statistically significant (P = 0.201). However, in the last term the eradication rate further declined to 62.4%, with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.014). No significant correlations were found between the response to therapy in this population and either the use of alcohol and/or yerba mate or the smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: In Uruguay, the eradication rate of H pylori infection has dropped in the last five years and is below the internationally accepted levels. This feature demands searching for more effective alternative therapies, adapting the management to the national reality based on local antibiotic resistance patterns and drug availability.

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INTRODUCTION: The eradication rate of the Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection using standard triple therapy has dropped globally in recent years, primarily due to the occurrence of antibiotic resistance. METHODS: Several therapy regimens were assessed in 823 patients treated the first time for H pylori infection in Uruguay, during the 1997 to 2011 period, divided into five-year groups. All patients underwent 13C isotope-urea breath testing, between the 8th and 24th weeks after therapy. The standard triple plan (amoxicillin, clarithromycin and proton pump inhibitors) was the most commonly used (86.8

). RESULTS: The overall eradication rate was 66.6

(548 patients). With the standard triple plan, the reported eradication rates were 75

for the first 5-year term and 70.1

for the second 5-year term. The difference between these two periods was not statistically significant (P = 0.201). However, in the last term the eradication rate further declined to 62.4

, with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.014). No significant correlations were found between the response to therapy in this population and either the use of alcohol and/or yerba mate or the smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: In Uruguay, the eradication rate of H pylori infection has dropped in the last five years and is below the internationally accepted levels. This feature demands searching for more effective alternative therapies, adapting the management to the national reality based on local antibiotic resistance patterns and drug availability.

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INTRODUCTION: The eradication rate of the Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection using standard triple therapy has dropped globally in recent years, primarily due to the occurrence of antibiotic resistance. METHODS: Several therapy regimens were assessed in 823 patients treated the first time for H pylori infection in Uruguay, during the 1997 to 2011 period, divided into five-year groups. All patients underwent 13C isotope-urea breath testing, between the 8th and 24th weeks after therapy. The standard triple plan (amoxicillin, clarithromycin and proton pump inhibitors) was the most commonly used (86.8

(548 patients). With the standard triple plan, the reported eradication rates were 75

for the first 5-year term and 70.1

for the second 5-year term. The difference between these two periods was not statistically significant (P = 0.201). However, in the last term the eradication rate further declined to 62.4

, with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.014). No significant correlations were found between the response to therapy in this population and either the use of alcohol and/or yerba mate or the smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: In Uruguay, the eradication rate of H pylori infection has dropped in the last five years and is below the internationally accepted levels. This feature demands searching for more effective alternative therapies, adapting the management to the national reality based on local antibiotic resistance patterns and drug availability.

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AIM: To assess whether the use of porcine models is useful for learning endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), thus contributing to its subsequent application in human patients. METHODS: This study/learning process was carried out in 3 phases: Phase I: Ex vivo animal; Phase II: In vivo animal; Phase III: Humans. One endoscopist performed 30 gastric ESDs in porcine models, and later 5 gastric ESDs in 5 patients. The ESD was done following the method practiced at the National Cancer Center in Tokyo, Japan. Technical aspects, size, time and speed of ESD, as well as complications were registered. In patients, their clinical, endoscopic and histologic evolution was additionally added. RESULTS: Thirty en bloc ESDs were carried out in animal models. The mean ± SD size of the pieces was of 28.4 ± 1.2 mm, and the time of ESD was 41.7 ± 2.4 min. The time of ESD in the first 15 procedures was 43.0 ± 3.0 min whereas in the next 15 procedures, the time was 40.3 ± 3.9 min, P = 0.588. The speed in the first 15 ESDs was 1.25 ± 0.11 cm(2)/min vs 2.12 ± 0.36 cm(2)/min in the remaining 15, P = 0.028. There were no complications. In patients, 5 lesions were resected en bloc. The size of the pieces was 25.2 ± 5.1 mm and the time was 85.0 ± 25.6 min. Endoscopic and histological controls did not show evidence of residual neoplastic tissue. CONCLUSION: A sequential ESD training program of a unique endoscopist, based on the practice in porcine models, contributed to learning ESD for its subsequent application in humans, yielding good results in efficacy and safety.

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The World Gastroenterology Organization is a federation of more than 100 national societies and 4 regional associations of gastroenterology that represent more than 50,000 physicians. The WGO is focused in the promotion of the knowledge of the people and the physicians about the world prevalence of digestive disorders and reach programs of education and training of high quality, independent and of easy access, especially for the developing world. This WGO programs include until this moment: 15 training centers; 21 courses of "train the trainers" for professors , an Outreach program that facilitates the supplies of equipment and its accessories, the World Day in Digestive Health; 24 global guidelines with the cascade methodology that make them unique and the World Congress of Gastroenterology. The WGO foundation is the philanthropic resource that allows having funds for these activities. In this article we make foothold in the principal activities developed in the last 10 years for Latin-America.

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La Organización Mundial de Gastroenterología (OMGE; World Gastroenterology Organization, WGO) es una federación de más de 100 sociedades nacionales y 4 asociaciones regionales de gastroenterología que representan a 50 000 individuos. La OMGE se enfoca a promover el conocimiento del público y profesionales de la salud sobre la prevalencia mundial de las enfermedades digestivas y a alcanzar programas de educación y entrenamiento de alta calidad, accesible e independiente, especialmente para el mundo en desarrollo. Las iniciativas educativas de la OMGE incluyen hasta el momento: 15 centros de entrenamiento; 21 cursos de Train the Trainers para docentes; un programa de Outreach que facilita el suministro de equipos y accesorios; el Día Mundial de la Salud Digestiva; 24 guías globales con su metodología de cascada que las hace únicas en su género, y el Congreso Mundial de Gastroenterología. La Fundación de la OMGE es el recurso filantrópico que le permite recaudar los fondos necesarios para estas actividades. En este artículo se hace hincapié en las principales actividades desarrolladas en los últimos 10 años en América Latina.

The World Gastroenterology Organization is a federation of more than 100 national societies and 4 regional associations of gastroenterology that represent more than 50,000 physicians. The WGO is focused in the promotion of the knowledge of the people and the physicians about the world prevalence of digestive disorders and reach programs of education and training of high quality, independent and of easy access, especially for the developing world. This WGO programs include until this moment: 15 training centers; 21 courses of "train the trainers" for professors , an Outreach program that facilitates the supplies of equipment and its accessories, the World Day in Digestive Health; 24 global guidelines with the cascade methodology that make them unique and the World Congress of Gastroenterology. The WGO foundation is the philanthropic resource that allows having funds for these activities. In this article we make foothold in the principal activities developed in the last 10 years for Latin-America.

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The World Gastroenterology Organisation (WGO; OMGE) is a federation of more than 100 national gastroenterology societies and four regional gastroenterology associations representing 50,000 individuals. This organization aims to promote knowledge of the global prevalence of digestive diseases among health professionals and the general public and to promote high-quality, accessible and independent health education and training programs, especially in emerging societies. The educational initiatives of the WGO include 15 Training Centers; Train the Trainers Workshops; an Outreach Program that facilitates the supply of equipment and materials; World Digestive Health Day; Global Guidelines with Cascade methodology, which is unique among guidelines; and the World Congress of Gastroenterology. The WGO Foundation is a philanthropic body dedicated to raising the funds required to support the ongoing WGO education initiatives and activities.

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