RESUMO
Rumen-protected choline (RPC) promotes benefits in milk production, immunity, and health in dairy cows by optimizing lipid metabolism during transition period management and early lactation. However, the RPC success in dairy cows depends on choline bioavailability, which is affected by the type of protection used in rumen-protected choline. Therefore, our objectives were to determine the effects of a novel RPC on dry matter intake (DMI), identify markers of metabolism and immunity, and evaluate lactation performance. Dry Holstein (n = 48) cows at 245 ± 3 d of gestation were blocked by parity and assigned to control or RPC treatment within each block. Cows enrolled in the RPC treatment received 15 g/d of CholiGEM (Kemin Industries, Cavriago RE, Italy) from 21 d prepartum and 30 g/d of CholiGEM from calving to 21 d postpartum. During the transition period, DMI was measured daily, and blood was sampled weekly for energy-related metabolites such as ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), glucose, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), as well as immune function markers such as haptoglobin (Hp) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LPB). Vaginal discharge samples were collected at the calving and 7 d postpartum and stored in microcentrifuge tubes at -80°C until 16S rRNA sequencing. The main responses of body condition score, body weight, DMI, milk yield, milk components, and immune function markers were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with the effects of treatment, time, parity, and relevant covariates added to the models. The relative abundance of microbiome α-diversity was evaluated by 3 indexes (Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson) and ß-diversity by principal coordinate analysis and permutational multivariate ANOVA. We found no differences in DMI in the pre- and postpartum periods. Cows fed RPC increased the yields of energy- and 3.5% fat-corrected milk and fat yield in primiparous and multiparous cows, with an interaction between treatment and parity for these lactation variables. However, we found no differences in milk protein and lactose up to 150 DIM between treatments. Glucose, NEFA, and BHB had no differences between the treatments. However, RPC decreased BHB numerically (control = 1.07 ± 0.13 vs. RPC = 0.63 ± 0.13) in multiparous on the third week postpartum and tended to reduce the incidence of subclinical ketosis (12.7% vs. 4.2%). No effects for Hp and LPB were found in cows fed RPC. Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indexes were lower at calving in the RPC treatment than in the Control. However, no differences were found 7 d later for Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indexes. The vaginal discharge microbiome was altered in cows fed RPC at 7 d postpartum. Fusobacterium, a common pathogen associated with metritis, was reduced in cows fed RPC. Rumen-protected choline enhanced lactation performance and health and altered the vaginal discharge microbiome which is a potential proxy for uterine healthy in dairy cows. The current study's findings corroborate that RPC is a tool to support adaptation to lactation and shed light on opportunities for further research in reproductive health.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Descarga Vaginal , Gravidez , Feminino , Bovinos , Animais , Colina/farmacologia , Colina/metabolismo , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados , Rúmen/metabolismo , RNA Ribossômico 16S/metabolismo , Período Pós-Parto/metabolismo , Lactação/fisiologia , Glucose/metabolismo , Descarga Vaginal/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/metabolismoRESUMO
Foram investigadas coinfecções por Leishmania (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma evansi, Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum em cães. Formas amastigotas de Leishmania spp. foram detectadas pela análise citopatológica de linfonodos em 46.42% (39/84) dos cães. Em um cão macho, adulto, sem raça definida, proveniente de área rural e positivo para Leishmania, foram observadas formas flageladas de T. evansi em esfregaço sanguíneo. Pela imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), 5.95% (5/84) dos cães foram considerados reagentes para T. gondii, com titulação igual a 64, enquanto que 3.57% (3/84) foram reagentes para N. caninum, com título 50. Entre os animais com leishmaniose visceral, um apresentou resposta sorológica positiva para T. gondii e dois para N. caninum. Todos os cães reagentes para N. caninum eram de área rural e, o predomínio da infecção pelo T. gondii ocorreu em cães da área urbana. Um cão macho, jovem, da zona rural e soropositivo para T. gondii, apresentou mórulas de Ehrlichia spp. na citologia e reação positiva para o vírus da cinomose. Deste modo, mais estudos são necessários para avaliar a epidemiologia dessas infecções na população canina, principalmente com relação aos reservatórios de Trypanosoma spp. nas zonas rurais.(AU)
Co-infections by Leishmania (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma evansi, Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in dogs were investigated. Amastigotes forms of Leishmania spp. were detected by cytopathological analysis of lymph nodes in 46,42% (39/84) of dogs. In a male dog, adult, without defined breed, from rural area and positive for Leishmania, were observed flagellated forms of T. evansi in blood smear. By immunofluorescence antibody test, 5,95% (5/84) of dogs were considered reactive to T. gondii, with titer equal to or higher than 1:64, while 3,57% (3/84) were reactive to N. caninum, with titer ≥1:50. Among the animals with visceral leishmaniasis, one showed positive serological response to T. gondii and two for N. caninum. All dogs reactive to N. caninum were from rural area and the predominance of infection by T. gondii was in dogs from urban area. A young male dog from the rural area and seropositive for T. gondii showed Ehrlichia spp. morulae in the cytology and positive reaction for canine distemper virus. Thus, further studies are needed to assess the epidemiology of these infections in canine population, especially with respect to the reservoirs of Trypanosoma spp. in rural areas.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Leishmania/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Toxoplasma/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Neospora/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Foram investigadas coinfecções por Leishmania (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma evansi, Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum em cães. Formas amastigotas de Leishmania spp. foram detectadas pela análise citopatológica de linfonodos em 46.42% (39/84) dos cães. Em um cão macho, adulto, sem raça definida, proveniente de área rural e positivo para Leishmania, foram observadas formas flageladas de T. evansi em esfregaço sanguíneo. Pela imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), 5.95% (5/84) dos cães foram considerados reagentes para T. gondii, com titulação igual a 64, enquanto que 3.57% (3/84) foram reagentes para N. caninum, com título 50. Entre os animais com leishmaniose visceral, um apresentou resposta sorológica positiva para T. gondii e dois para N. caninum. Todos os cães reagentes para N. caninum eram de área rural e, o predomínio da infecção pelo T. gondii ocorreu em cães da área urbana. Um cão macho, jovem, da zona rural e soropositivo para T. gondii, apresentou mórulas de Ehrlichia spp. na citologia e reação positiva para o vírus da cinomose. Deste modo, mais estudos são necessários para avaliar a epidemiologia dessas infecções na população canina, principalmente com relação aos reservatórios de Trypanosoma spp. nas zonas rurais.
Co-infections by Leishmania (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma evansi, Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in dogs were investigated. Amastigotes forms of Leishmania spp. were detected by cytopathological analysis of lymph nodes in 46,42% (39/84) of dogs. In a male dog, adult, without defined breed, from rural area and positive for Leishmania, were observed flagellated forms of T. evansi in blood smear. By immunofluorescence antibody test, 5,95% (5/84) of dogs were considered reactive to T. gondii, with titer equal to or higher than 1:64, while 3,57% (3/84) were reactive to N. caninum, with titer ≥1:50. Among the animals with visceral leishmaniasis, one showed positive serological response to T. gondii and two for N. caninum. All dogs reactive to N. caninum were from rural area and the predominance of infection by T. gondii was in dogs from urban area. A young male dog from the rural area and seropositive for T. gondii showed Ehrlichia spp. morulae in the cytology and positive reaction for canine distemper virus. Thus, further studies are needed to assess the epidemiology of these infections in canine population, especially with respect to the reservoirs of Trypanosoma spp. in rural areas.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Leishmania/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Neospora/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Toxoplasma/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Foram investigadas coinfecções por Leishmania (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma evansi, Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum em cães. Formas amastigotas de Leishmania spp. foram detectadas pela análise citopatológica de linfonodos em 46.42% (39/84) dos cães. Em um cão macho, adulto, sem raça definida, proveniente de área rural e positivo para Leishmania, foram observadas formas flageladas de T. evansi em esfregaço sanguíneo. Pela imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), 5.95% (5/84) dos cães foram considerados reagentes para T. gondii, com titulação igual a 64, enquanto que 3.57% (3/84) foram reagentes para N. caninum, com título 50. Entre os animais com leishmaniose visceral, um apresentou resposta sorológica positiva para T. gondii e dois para N. caninum. Todos os cães reagentes para N. caninum eram de área rural e, o predomínio da infecção pelo T. gondii ocorreu em cães da área urbana. Um cão macho, jovem, da zona rural e soropositivo para T. gondii, apresentou mórulas de Ehrlichia spp. na citologia e reação positiva para o vírus da cinomose. Deste modo, mais estudos s&at
RESUMO
Foram investigadas coinfecções por Leishmania (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma evansi, Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum em cães. Formas amastigotas de Leishmania spp. foram detectadas pela análise citopatológica de linfonodos em 46.42% (39/84) dos cães. Em um cão macho, adulto, sem raça definida, proveniente de área rural e positivo para Leishmania, foram observadas formas flageladas de T. evansi em esfregaço sanguíneo. Pela imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), 5.95% (5/84) dos cães foram considerados reagentes para T. gondii, com titulação igual a 64, enquanto que 3.57% (3/84) foram reagentes para N. caninum, com título 50. Entre os animais com leishmaniose visceral, um apresentou resposta sorológica positiva para T. gondii e dois para N. caninum. Todos os cães reagentes para N. caninum eram de área rural e, o predomínio da infecção pelo T. gondii ocorreu em cães da área urbana. Um cão macho, jovem, da zona rural e soropositivo para T. gondii, apresentou mórulas de Ehrlichia spp. na citologia e reação positiva para o vírus da cinomose. Deste modo, mais estudos s&at
RESUMO
PURPOSE: This study sought to evaluate the immediate and follow-up results of percutaneous balloon dilatation for the treatment of membranous subaortic stenoses. METHODS: Fourteen patients with mean age 11.4 +/- 5.2 years, were submitted to the procedure. They were selected when the echocardiogram showed a thin subaortic membrane that was far from the aortic valve, no fibro-muscular obstruction and only mild or moderate aortic regurgitation. After measuring the pressure gradient and analysis of the angiographic features, the balloon dilatation was made by applying a fast manual inflation until the balloon waist disappeared. The balloon diameter was the same as that of the outflow tract of left ventricle, immediately bellow the aortic valve. Pressure measurement, left ventriculogram and aortogram were repeated. Doppler echocardiogram was repeated in the following day, after 3 months and every 6 months thereafter. RESULTS: All 17 procedures were successful. The mean gradient was 76.1 +/- 21.2 mmHg before and 29.8 +/- 8.8 mmHg after dilatation (p < 0.01). There was no increase in aortic regurgitation or death after the procedure or during the follow-up. Twelve patients were discharged 24h after the procedure. Surgical treatment for femoral artery thrombosis was performed in 2 patients. In the follow-up of 33.3 +/- 23.6 months, 4 patients developed restenosis and 3 of them were submitted to successful redilatation. CONCLUSION: We conclude that in selected cases, the procedure is safe and effective, and restenosis may be treated by percutaneous balloon redilatation.
Assuntos
Estenose da Valva Aórtica/terapia , Cateterismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Radiografia , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
OBJETIVO - Avaliar os resultados imendiatos e a médio prazo de tratamento da estenose subaórtica em membrana através da dilataçÝo percutânea por cateter baläo. MÉTODOS - Os 14 pacientes, com idade média de 11,4ñ5,2 anos, foram selecionados pelo estudo ecodopplercardiográfico, mediante evidência de membrana subaórtica de fina espessura e distante das válvulas aórticas, ausência de componente muscular associado ou insuficiência aórtica (IAo) importante. Após a medida do gradiente e comprovaçÝo dos achados pela cineangiocardiografia, as dilataçöes eram feitas por insuflaçäo manual e rápida até o desaparecimento da constricçÝo do baläo. O diâmetro do baläo era no máximo igual ao da via de saída de ventrículo esquerdo, medida logo abaixo da valva aórtica. Manometria, ventriculografia esquerda era realizado no dia seguinte, após 3 meses e a cada 6 meses após o procedimento. RESULTADO - Os 17 procedimentos foram realizados com sucesso. O gradiente médio da amostra foi 76,1ñ21,1mmHg (41-115) pré dilataçäo e 29,8ñ8,8mmHg (13-45) pós dilataçäo (p menor que 0,01). Näo houve aumento do IAo pós procedimento. Doze pacientes receberam alta em 24h e 2 apresentaram oclusäo de artéria femoral, tratados cirurgicamente. Näo houve óbito imediato ou tardio. No acompanhamento de 33,3+23,6 meses (1-75) ocorreu reestenose em quatro pacientes, sendo três deles redilatados com sucesso. CONCLUSÄO - Em casos selecionados, o procedimento é seguro e eficaz e a ocorrência de reestenose pode ser tratada com nova dilataçäo percutânea.
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Cateterismo , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/terapia , Fatores Etários , Seguimentos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We studied 31 procedures of coil embolization for occlusion of ductus arteriosus, attempted in 29 patients. The mean age was 4.8+/-3.4 years (1-16 years) and the mean diameter of ductus was 1.8+/-0.7 mm (0.8-3.1 mm). Femoral artery approach was used and aortogram in 90 degrees lateral view was performed. Through a Judkin right coronary catheter, the coil was delivered for occlusion of the ductus. In 5 cases, 2 coils were delivered using retrograde and anterograde techniques. Successful placement of coil was accomplished in 29 procedures. Coils 0.038 inch (diameter)-5 cm (length)-5 mm (helical diameter) (Cook, Inc) were used in 16 procedures, coils 0.035 inch-5 cm-5 mm in 9, coil 0.038 inch-8 cm-8 mm in 1, two coils 0.038 inch-5 cm-5 mm in 2, coils 0.038 inch-5 cm-5 mm+0.038 inch-5 cm-8 mm in 1, and 2 coils 0.035 inch-5 cm-5 mm in 2. Aortogram 20 min after the occlusion, showed residual shunt in 9. Coil migration occurred in a ductus type B in the following day. One patient developed severe haemolysis, due to a change in the coil position, 12 h after the procedure. Echodopplercardiogram 4 to 6 h after the procedure showed a residual shunt in 5 patients, 24 h after in 3 and 30 days after, in 1(3.8%). Heparin therapy started 10 days after occlusion of the ductus, caused reappearance of the shunt in 1 patient. This technique is simple and effective, but complications may occur hours or days after successful ductus occlusion.
Assuntos
Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/terapia , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Adolescente , Aortografia , Cateterismo , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/diagnóstico por imagem , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , MasculinoRESUMO
The glutamatergic system of the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (DPAG) has been implicated in anxiety. This study shows that microinjections of glycine (GLY) or D-serine (D-SER), into the DPAG of rats, dose-dependently reduced the number of entries and the time spent on open arms of an elevated plus-maze (EPM), an established animal model for measuring anxiety-related behavior. This anxiogenic-like effect was greatest following DPAG application of either 80 nmol GLY or 160 and 320 nmol D-SER. Microinjections of these same amino acid doses outside the DPAG, or of L-serine (320 nmol) inside the DPAG, produced neither of these pro-anxiety effects. The current results suggest that, in vivo, the GLY modulatory site of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors is not fully saturated, and further substantiate a role for the DPAG excitatory amino acid system in anxiety.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/induzido quimicamente , Glicina/farmacologia , Substância Cinzenta Periaquedutal/fisiologia , Serina/farmacologia , Animais , Ansiedade/psicologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Glicina/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Microinjeções , Substância Cinzenta Periaquedutal/anatomia & histologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/metabolismo , Serina/administração & dosagem , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
Primary balloon dilatation of supravalvar aortic stenosis was attempted in three patients: a 20 year old woman, a seven month old boy, and a 12 year old girl. Balloon catheters (Mansfield) with diameters of 25 mm, 8 mm, and 15 mm were used in the three patients respectively. The systolic pressure gradient across the aortic narrowing decreased considerably and the diameter of the constricted area increased significantly. Balloon dilatation was feasible and provided good immediate results and sustained relief of supravalvar aortic stenosis in these three patients. However, a larger study is needed to establish the place of this procedure in treatment.
Assuntos
Estenose da Valva Aórtica/terapia , Cateterismo/métodos , Adulto , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/fisiopatologia , Aortografia , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , MasculinoRESUMO
Case report on a 6-year-old patient with vascular ring, due to double aortic arch. The patient was asymptomatic. The barium-filled esophagus showed bilateral indentations and a large posterior indentation. Echocardiographic study in notch suprasternal view revealed features of this pathology. The diagnosis was made by the cineangiocardiographic study that showed double aortic arch with separate carotid and subclavian arteries arising from each arch. The right arch was larger than the left, and the descending aorta was on the left side. There was severe left pulmonary artery stenosis associated. The clinical management was chosen, because the patient was asymptomatic.
Assuntos
Síndromes do Arco Aórtico/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Pulmonar/anormalidades , Aorta Torácica/anormalidades , Síndromes do Arco Aórtico/complicações , Criança , Cineangiografia , Constrição Patológica , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
A 53-year-old white female candidate to cardiomyoplasty to control heart failure class III (NYHA). Submitted to coronary angioplasty, presented at the coronarography 75% obstruction of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery and at the left ventriculography diffuse and severe hypocontractility ejection fraction (EF) = 17%. After primary success of the coronary dilatation, she was operated on with a good surgical outcome. Six months after the surgery, she did well clinically (class II) and at the coronarography the LAD artery presented free from restenosis or progression of the disease and the left ventriculography showed improvement of the ventricular function (EF = 28%).
Assuntos
Angioplastia Coronária com Balão , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/terapia , Doença das Coronárias/terapia , Músculos/transplante , Marca-Passo Artificial , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Indução de RemissãoRESUMO
Utilization of fibrinolytic drugs in non-coronary diseases has been described since 1949, but despite of that, works about that subject are very rare in the literature. In this paper we discuss the cases of three patients that were treated with such compounds for pulmonary embolism, peripheral arterial embolism, and thrombosis in mechanical aortic prosthesis. All patients had excellent in-hospital outcome, and were totally asymptomatic at the discharge time. It is emphasized the clinical symptoms, sometimes unexpected, and the importance of the complementary tests not only in the disease's diagnosis, but also in some decisions that must be taken during the patient's evolution, where they can help us to decide, for example, about the correct moment to stop the thrombolytic infusion. In conclusion, fibrinolytic drugs can be utilized in the management of many affections that otherwise would be treated by emergency surgery.
Assuntos
Embolia/tratamento farmacológico , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Embolia Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Trombose/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Angiografia , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Embolia/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Estreptoquinase/uso terapêutico , Terapia Trombolítica , Trombose/diagnósticoRESUMO
One of the most important complications after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is the abrupt closure of the dilated vessel (unstable lesion). The treatment of choice for this complication is a new dilation, but unfortunately many of these cases require immediate surgery to avoid an acute myocardial infarction. Prolonged balloon inflations have been suggested to control this kind of complication. In order to discover the effect of prolonged inflations on the incidence of unstable lesions we studied 439 patients enrolled in two groups: Group I (195 patients and 207 arteries) treated with balloon inflation time less than 40 sec per session and Group II (244 patients and 265 arteries) treated with inflation time over 60 sec since the first series of inflations. As a result there was a significantly lower incidence of unstable lesions and immediate surgery in Group II without an increase in the incidence of diffuse ischemia.