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BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Dengue represents one of the most important arboviruses in public health, and its etiological agent is transmitted by the bite of dipterans of the genus Aedes. Every year this disease affects a large part of the population of the state of São Paulo in Brazil, particularly due to the availability of favorable environmental conditions for the growth and development of the vector mosquito. This study aimed to verify the distribution of urban arboviruses in the municipalities of the state of São Paulo and the successful experiences of municipal governments to reduce cases, to highlight strategies that have successfully culminated, and which can serve as a basis for prevention strategies. METHODS: Information taken from government databases of the Ministry of Health and demographic data were used, where the incidence rate of 14 selected municipalities in the region of Vale do Paraíba between 2015 and 2019 was determined, and an attempt was made to evidence the strategies used to reduce cases. RESULTS: High incidence rates were observed in 2015 and 2019 concerning the other years of the historical series, due to environmental factors and the variation in the circulating strain. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: The observed data allowed us to infer that the prevention strategies recommended by the evaluated municipalities had a positive effect in the years 2016 to 2018, but unforeseen a priori factors culminated in epidemics, revealing the importance of implementing epidemiological studies using advanced mapping tools, as a way of to minimize the risk of future epidemics.

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The text addresses the sociability circuits of 'men who have sex with men' in the Metropolitan Region of Recife during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. In March 2020, with the arrival of the epidemic in Brazil, a first movement was characterized by the shift of interactions to the online dimension. From June onwards, after stricter social distancing, offline sexual interactions, social interactions at friends' houses, the return to bars and sociability on the street were resumed in that order, in the wake of what was happening in the broader society. In the mismatch between the negationist speech of the President of the Republic and the role of the state government in implementing measures of social distancing; in the contradictions generated by the leniency regarding crowding in public transport on the way to and from work and the attempts to contain the crowds seeking leisure activities, a 'new normal' emerged and was marked by negativism, omnipotence and fatalism. Between September 2020 and February 2021, what were most evident were parties, ostensive circulation of people and the lack of mask use, boosting the numbers of the infected and the dead, in the normalization of an unprecedented health crisis in Brazil.

O texto aborda os circuitos de sociabilidade de homens que fazem sexo com homens, na Região Metropolitana do Recife durante o primeiro ano da pandemia de COVID-19. Em março de 2020, com a chegada da doença ao Brasil, um primeiro movimento foi caracterizado pelo deslocamento das interações para a dimensão on-line. A partir de junho, após distanciamento social mais rigoroso, as interações sexuais offline, a social na casa de amigos, a volta aos bares e a sociabilidade na rua foram sendo, nessa ordem, retomadas na esteira do que acontecia na sociedade abrangente. No descompasso entre o discurso negacionista do presidente da República e o protagonismo do governo estadual em implantar as medidas de distanciamento social, nas contradições geradas pela leniência em relação à aglomeração no transporte público na ida para o trabalho e nas tentativas de contenção das aglomerações de lazer, produziu-se um novo normal caracterizado pelo negacionismo, a onipotência e o fatalismo. Entre setembro de 2020 e fevereiro de 2021, o que mais se viu foram festas, circulação ostensiva das pessoas e ausência do uso de máscara, impulsionando os números de infectados e de mortos, na normalização de uma crise sanitária sem precedentes no Brasil.

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Resumo O texto aborda os circuitos de sociabilidade de homens que fazem sexo com homens, na Região Metropolitana do Recife durante o primeiro ano da pandemia de COVID-19. Em março de 2020, com a chegada da doença ao Brasil, um primeiro movimento foi caracterizado pelo deslocamento das interações para a dimensão on-line. A partir de junho, após distanciamento social mais rigoroso, as interações sexuais offline, a social na casa de amigos, a volta aos bares e a sociabilidade na rua foram sendo, nessa ordem, retomadas na esteira do que acontecia na sociedade abrangente. No descompasso entre o discurso negacionista do presidente da República e o protagonismo do governo estadual em implantar as medidas de distanciamento social, nas contradições geradas pela leniência em relação à aglomeração no transporte público na ida para o trabalho e nas tentativas de contenção das aglomerações de lazer, produziu-se um novo normal caracterizado pelo negacionismo, a onipotência e o fatalismo. Entre setembro de 2020 e fevereiro de 2021, o que mais se viu foram festas, circulação ostensiva das pessoas e ausência do uso de máscara, impulsionando os números de infectados e de mortos, na normalização de uma crise sanitária sem precedentes no Brasil.

Abstract The text addresses the sociability circuits of 'men who have sex with men' in the Metropolitan Region of Recife during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. In March 2020, with the arrival of the epidemic in Brazil, a first movement was characterized by the shift of interactions to the online dimension. From June onwards, after stricter social distancing, offline sexual interactions, social interactions at friends' houses, the return to bars and sociability on the street were resumed in that order, in the wake of what was happening in the broader society. In the mismatch between the negationist speech of the President of the Republic and the role of the state government in implementing measures of social distancing; in the contradictions generated by the leniency regarding crowding in public transport on the way to and from work and the attempts to contain the crowds seeking leisure activities, a 'new normal' emerged and was marked by negativism, omnipotence and fatalism. Between September 2020 and February 2021, what were most evident were parties, ostensive circulation of people and the lack of mask use, boosting the numbers of the infected and the dead, in the normalization of an unprecedented health crisis in Brazil.

RESUMO

Obstructive urolithiasis is common in confined sheep, and a predominant factor predisposing animals to this condition is nutritional management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of phosphorus (P) on urinalysis, serum urea and creatinine, and serum and urine concentrations of calcium (Ca), P, and magnesium (Mg), as well as to establish the fractional excretion (FE) of these elements in confined lambs. Thirty male Santa Inês x Ile de France sheep at four months of age were divided into two groups according to the diet: Group 1 (G1, n = 15), with 0.43% P in their feed; and Group 2 (G2, n = 15) with 0.65% P. The diets consisting of 10% Coast-cross hay and 90% of a concentrate of soybean meal, wheat, and crushed corn were provided for 90 consecutive days, with water ad libitum. The time points (M) of blood and urine collection were determined as M0, immediately before the beginning of the diet, and at 15-day intervals: M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, and M6. Phosphorous-rich diets favored the appearance of triple phosphate crystals in both groups, causing calculogenesis in more than one third of the animals (11/30), emphasizing the relevance of conducting laboratory tests to aid in urolithiasis diagnosis. In addition, FE revealed an increased renal excretion of excess minerals in the diet, and therefore a greater predisposition for stone formation in relation to nutritional management.(AU)

A urolitíase obstrutiva é frequente em ovinos confinados, sendo o manejo nutricional um dos fatores predispo-nentes mais importantes à formação dos cálculos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito da alimentação, com diferentes concentrações de fósforo (P), sobre a urinálise, ureia e creatinina séricas, concentração de cálcio (Ca), P e magnésio (Mg) séri-cos e urinários, bem como estabelecer a excreção fracionada (EF) desses elementos em cordeiros confinados. Utilizaram-se 30 ovinos machos, não castrados, Santa Inês x Ile de France, com quatro meses de idade, que foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a dieta: Grupo 1 (G1, n = 15), com 0,43% de P; e Grupo 2 (G2, n = 15) com 0,65% de P. As dietas foram for-necidas por 90 dias consecutivos, com 10% de feno de Coast-cross; 90% de concentrado composto por farelo de soja, trigo e milho triturado; água ad libitum. Os momentos (M) de colheita de sangue e urina foram determinados como M0, imediata-mente antes do início da dieta, e em intervalos de 15 dias nos momentos M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6. As dietas ricas em fós-foro favoreceram o aparecimento de cristal fosfato triplo em ambos os grupos, o que provocou a calculogênese em um terço dos animais (11/30). Ressaltou-se a relevância da execução de exames laboratoriais para auxílio diagnóstico de urolitíase. Além disso, a EF comprovou a maior excreção renal dos minerais em excesso na dieta, que mostrou a maior predisposição para for-mação dos cálculos conforme o manejo nutricional.(AU)

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Obstructive urolithiasis is common in confined sheep, and a predominant factor predisposing animals to this condition is nutritional management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of phosphorus (P) on urinalysis, serum urea and creatinine, and serum and urine concentrations of calcium (Ca), P, and magnesium (Mg), as well as to establish the fractional excretion (FE) of these elements in confined lambs. Thirty male Santa Inês x Ile de France sheep at four months of age were divided into two groups according to the diet: Group 1 (G1, n = 15), with 0.43% P in their feed; and Group 2 (G2, n = 15) with 0.65% P. The diets consisting of 10% Coast-cross hay and 90% of a concentrate of soybean meal, wheat, and crushed corn were provided for 90 consecutive days, with water ad libitum. The time points (M) of blood and urine collection were determined as M0, immediately before the beginning of the diet, and at 15-day intervals: M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, and M6. Phosphorous-rich diets favored the appearance of triple phosphate crystals in both groups, causing calculogenesis in more than one third of the animals (11/30), emphasizing the relevance of conducting laboratory tests to aid in urolithiasis diagnosis. In addition, FE revealed an increased renal excretion of excess minerals in the diet, and therefore a greater predisposition for stone formation in relation to nutritional management.

A urolitíase obstrutiva é frequente em ovinos confinados, sendo o manejo nutricional um dos fatores predispo-nentes mais importantes à formação dos cálculos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito da alimentação, com diferentes concentrações de fósforo (P), sobre a urinálise, ureia e creatinina séricas, concentração de cálcio (Ca), P e magnésio (Mg) séri-cos e urinários, bem como estabelecer a excreção fracionada (EF) desses elementos em cordeiros confinados. Utilizaram-se 30 ovinos machos, não castrados, Santa Inês x Ile de France, com quatro meses de idade, que foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a dieta: Grupo 1 (G1, n = 15), com 0,43% de P; e Grupo 2 (G2, n = 15) com 0,65% de P. As dietas foram for-necidas por 90 dias consecutivos, com 10% de feno de Coast-cross; 90% de concentrado composto por farelo de soja, trigo e milho triturado; água ad libitum. Os momentos (M) de colheita de sangue e urina foram determinados como M0, imediata-mente antes do início da dieta, e em intervalos de 15 dias nos momentos M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6. As dietas ricas em fós-foro favoreceram o aparecimento de cristal fosfato triplo em ambos os grupos, o que provocou a calculogênese em um terço dos animais (11/30). Ressaltou-se a relevância da execução de exames laboratoriais para auxílio diagnóstico de urolitíase. Além disso, a EF comprovou a maior excreção renal dos minerais em excesso na dieta, que mostrou a maior predisposição para for-mação dos cálculos conforme o manejo nutricional.

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Stink bugs are major pests in diverse crops around the world. Pest management strategies based on insect behavioral manipulation could help to develop biorational management strategies of stink bugs. Insect mating disruption using vibratory signals is an approach with high potential for pest management. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of conspecific female rival signals on the mating behavior and copulation of three stink bug species to establish their potential for mating disruption. Previously recorded female rival signals were played back to bean plants where pairs of the Neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros, and two green stink bugs, Chinavia ubica and Chinavia impicticornis were placed. Vibratory communication and mating behavior were recorded for each pair throughout the experimental time (20 min). Female rival signals show a disrupting effect on the reproductive behavior of three conspecific investigated stink bug species. This effect was more clearly expressed in E. heros and C. ubica than in C. impicticornis. The likelihood of copulating in pairs placed on control plants, without rival signals, increased 29.41 times in E. heros, 4.6 times in C. ubica and 1.71 times in C. impicticornis. However, in the last case, the effect of female rivalry signals in copulation was not significant. The effect of mating disruption of female rival signals of the three stink bug species may originate from the observed reduction in specific vibratory communication signals emitted, which influences the duet formation and further development of different phases of mating behavior. Our results suggest that female rival signals have potential for application in manipulation and disruption of mating behavior of stink bugs. Further work needs to focus on the effects of female rival signals used in long duration experiments and also their interactions with chemical communication of stink bugs.

RESUMO

Obstructive urolithiasis is common in farmed sheep and has a multifactorial etiology, but inadequate nutritional management is considered the most relevant condition for its occurrence. The objectives of this study were to verify the influence of two diets with different concentrations of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) on the development of obstructive urolithiasis, and to describe the clinical and anatomopathological findings of the urinary system in sheep. Thirty male crossbred Santa Inês and Ile de France lambs were randomly distributed into two groups: Group 1 (G1, n = 15) - Ca: 1.9:1 P and 0.42% P; Group 2 (G2, n = 15) - Ca: P 1.5:1 and 0.65% P. The diets consisting of Coast-cross hay, soybean meal, wheat, and corn were provided for 90 consecutive days with water ad libitum. After the diagnosis of the disease, the lambs were subjected to clinical and surgical treatment, when necessary. Urolithiasis was detected in 36.7% (11/30) of lambs, 26.7% were asymptomatic and 10% (3/30) had urethral obstruction. A lamb was unobstructed after amputation of the urethral process and urethral catheterization, one died of bladder and uroperitoneum rupture, and another was sacrificed after the failure of perineal urethrostomy and cystostomy. The most frequent renal histopathological changes were vascular congestion, dilation, and tubular degeneration. Proteins in the tubular lumen were more pronounced in G2. The diets were rich in concentrate and had adequate Ca:P ratios, but caused calculogenesis, showing that excess minerals and a small amount of roughage can cause disease in the herd.

A urolitíase obstrutiva é frequente na ovinocultura e possui etiologia multifatorial, porém o manejo nutricional inadequado é considerado o mais relevante para sua ocorrência. Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar a influência de duas dietas com diferentes proporções e concentrações de cálcio (Ca) e fósforo (P) no desenvolvimento da urolitíase obstrutiva, e descrever os achados clínicos e anatomopatológicos do sistema urinário de ovinos. Utilizaram-se 30 cordeiros, machos, mestiços das raças Santa Inês e Ile de France, que foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em dois grupos: Grupo 1 (G1, n=15) - Ca:P de 1,9:1 e 0,42% de P; Grupo 2 (G2, n=15) - Ca:P de 1,5:1 e 0,65% de P. As dietas foram fornecidas por 90 dias consecutivos com feno de Coast-cross, farelo de soja, trigo e milho, e água ad libitum. Após o diagnóstico da doença, os cordeiros foram submetidos ao tratamento clínico e cirúrgico, quando necessário. A urolitíase foi detectada em 36,7% (11/30) dos cordeiros, sendo 26,7% assintomáticos e 10% (3/30) apresentaram obstrução uretral. Um cordeiro foi desobstruído após amputação do processo uretral e sondagem uretral; outro foi a óbito por ruptura vesical e uroperitôneo; outro foi sacrificado após uretrostomia perineal e cistostomia sem sucesso. Em ambos os grupos, as alterações histopatológicas renais mais frequentes foram congestão vascular, dilatação e degeneração tubular. A presença de proteínas na luz tubular foi mais pronunciada no G2. As dietas fornecidas, ricas em concentrado, embora com relação Ca:P adequadas, provocaram a calculogênese, o que comprovou que o excesso de minerais e pouca quantidade de volumoso podem causar a enfermidade no rebanho.

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A urolitíase obstrutiva é frequente na ovinocultura e possui etiologia multifatorial, porém o manejo nutricional inadequado é considerado o mais relevante para sua ocorrência. Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar a influência de duas dietas com diferentes proporções e concentrações de cálcio (Ca) e fósforo (P) no desenvolvimento da urolitíase obstrutiva, e descrever os achados clínicos e anatomopatológicos do sistema urinário de ovinos. Utilizaram-se 30 cordeiros, machos, mestiços das raças Santa Inês e Ile de France, que foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em dois grupos: Grupo 1 (G1, n=15) - Ca:P de 1,9:1 e 0,42% de P; Grupo 2 (G2, n=15) - Ca:P de 1,5:1 e 0,65% de P. As dietas foram fornecidas por 90 dias consecutivos com feno de Coast-cross, farelo de soja, trigo e milho, e água ad libitum. Após o diagnóstico da doença, os cordeiros foram submetidos ao tratamento clínico e cirúrgico, quando necessário. A urolitíase foi detectada em 36,7% (11/30) dos cordeiros, sendo 26,7% assintomáticos e 10% (3/30) apresentaram obstrução uretral. Um cordeiro foi desobstruído após amputação do processo uretral e sondagem uretral; outro foi a óbito por ruptura vesical e uroperitôneo; outro foi sacrificado após uretrostomia perineal e cistostomia sem sucesso. Em ambos os grupos, as alterações histopatológicas renais mais frequentes foram congestão vascular, dilatação e degeneração tubular. A presença de proteínas na luz tubular foi mais pronunciada no G2. As dietas fornecidas, ricas em concentrado, embora com relação Ca:P adequadas, provocaram a calculogênese, o que comprovou que o excesso de minerais e pouca quantidade de volumoso podem causar a enfermidade no rebanho.

Obstructive urolithiasis is common in farmed sheep and has a multifactorial etiology, but inadequate nutritional management is considered the most relevant condition for its occurrence. The objectives of this study were to verify the influence of two diets with different concentrations of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) on the development of obstructive urolithiasis, and to describe the clinical and anatomopathological findings of the urinary system in sheep. Thirty male crossbred Santa Inês and Ile de France lambs were randomly distributed into two groups: Group 1 (G1, n = 15) - Ca: 1.9:1 P and 0.42% P; Group 2 (G2, n = 15) - Ca: P 1.5:1 and 0.65% P. The diets consisting of Coast-cross hay, soybean meal, wheat, and corn were provided for 90 consecutive days with water ad libitum. After the diagnosis of the disease, the lambs were subjected to clinical and surgical treatment, when necessary. Urolithiasis was detected in 36.7% (11/30) of lambs, 26.7% were asymptomatic and 10% (3/30) had urethral obstruction. A lamb was unobstructed after amputation of the urethral process and urethral catheterization, one died of bladder and uroperitoneum rupture, and another was sacrificed after the failure of perineal urethrostomy and cystostomy. The most frequent renal histopathological changes were vascular congestion, dilation, and tubular degeneration. Proteins in the tubular lumen were more pronounced in G2. The diets were rich in concentrate and had adequate Ca:P ratios, but caused calculogenesis, showing that excess minerals and a small amount of roughage can cause disease in the herd.

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Intestinal parasites still cause high morbidity and mortality, due to poor hygiene and sanitary conditions, and therefore indiscriminate treatment has been routine practice advocated by the Public Health staff. Although there is a consensus regarding the need to diagnose such diseases, this is not performed with the necessary care, due to great demand and the lack of a wide ranged and highly sensitive technique. In this sense, most clinical laboratories use routine methods for fecal examination such as the Lutz sedimentation or modified Ritchie methods, which are complete and easy to execute, but do not have adequate sensitivity to detect low density eggs and protozoan cysts, especially when there is a predominance of low parasite burdens. In contrast, there are methods that are based on the flotation of low density developmental forms, namely, the Willis method (NaCl flotation d=1.120), which is rapid, easy to perform and allows high density egg flotation but with low sensitivity for protozoan cysts; and the Faust method, which is based on centrifugal flotation of developmental forms in a 33% ZnSO4 (d=1.200) solution, but with the disadvantage of being lengthy and requiring a centrifuge. In this study, we verified the applicability of introducing an alteration in the Willis method, which consisted in the substitution of NaCl by ZnSO4 in order to combine the advantages of this method with the Faust method. 208 samples were assessed by the Willis and Ritchie methods and by the proposed method (modified Willis). The latter proved superior to the other two (ρ <0,0001 ­ X2) regarding the detection of protozoan cysts, but similar to the Ritchie method in regard to other diagnosed parasites, therefore demonstrating the high potential for the introduction of this modified method in the routine of fecal diagnosis

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A giardíase é uma importante doença parasitária de elevada ocorrência mundial e, apesar de comumente ser considerada de bom prognóstico, sabe-se que crianças e pacientes imunocomprometidos podem apresentar perda de peso e depauperamento físico e mental. Há um grande número de drogas com atividade giardicida, mas, no decorrer dos anos, alguns protozoários têm apresentado resistência à maioria dos tratamentos recomendados, o que exige o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias para o controle de Giardia duodenalis. No presente trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia do uso de Lactobacillus casei Shirota para o controle da giardíase em crianças naturalmente infectadas. Para tanto, foram selecionadas 12 crianças com giardíase clínica e laboratorialmente diagnosticada, das quais 6 compuseram o grupo controle, sem tratamento, e as demais consumiram 1,6x1010 lactobacilos vivos, diariamente, da espécie Lactobacillus casei Shirota, mediante ingestão de uma bebida láctea comercialmente disponível. Depois do início do tratamento, foi determinado o número de cistos eliminados por meio de exame coproparasitológico, segundo o método de Faust com modificações, e observação da consistência das amostras fecais coletadas. Transcorridos 21 dias de tratamento, não houve detecção de formas evolutivas de Giardia duodenalis nas fezes dos indivíduos que consumiram a bebida láctea e verificou-se melhora na consistência fecal, o que não ocorreu com o grupo controle, demonstrando-se, assim, o potencial de L. casei Shirota para o controle de giardíase em crianças.

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The study aimed to compare the shaping effects, preservation of the original curvature, and transportation of the apical foramen of Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany), UnicOne (Medin, Nové Mesto na Morave, Czech Republic), and Protaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) in simulated root canals. Thirty resin blocks with simulated curved root canals were distributed into three groups (n = 10), and prepared using Reciproc (RCp), UnicOne (UnO) and the Protaper Universal (PTu). Standardized photographs were taken before and after the instrumentation, after which they were superimposed. Measurements were taken of the quantity of resin removed from the inner and outer walls of the curvature at 6 levels, the curvature angles before and after instrumentation, and the transportation of the apical foramen. RCp obtained the highest values for amount of resin removed from the inner wall while UnO demonstrated similar shaping on both the inner and outer walls. PTu produced the greatest transportation of foramen when compared to the reciprocating instruments. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the change in angle (P > 0.05). All the instruments were capable of maintaining the original curvature of the root canal; however, the UnO, which used reciprocating movement, produced more conservative shapes with lower foramen transportation.

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Não obstante a importância dos cães domésticos para o ser humano, os benefícios desta convivência são significativamente atenuados quando estes animais contaminam ambientes de convívio mútuo com patógenos zoonóticos. No presente estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a ocorrência de formas parasitárias em amostras fecais de cães (Cannis familiaris) coletadas em praças públicas do município de Pindamonhangaba-SP no período de setembro de 2010 a setembro de 2011. Um total de 640 amostras fecais foi coletado em oito praças públicas e encaminhado, sob refrigeração, ao laboratório de parasitologia da FAPI. Ali as amostras foram submetidas aos métodos de Willis-Molay (1921) e Ritchie modificado (1948) e, após exame por microscopia óptica, apresentaram positividade para formas evolutivas de helmintos potencialmente zoonóticos: Ancylostomidae (23,4 por cento), Toxocara sp. (8,1 por cento) e Trichuris sp. (3,1 por cento). Houve predominância significativa (p<0,05) de formas evolutivas de Toxocara sp. nas amostras coletadas no período correspondente ao início da primavera, contudo Ancylostomidae apresentou maior prevalência no início do verão e do outono. Também foi possível observar uma diferença significativa (p<0,05) na eficácia do método de Willis-Molay (27,2 por cento de amostras positivas) para diagnóstico coproparasitológico, quando comparado ao método de Ritchie modificado (8,1 por cento de amostras positivas). Com base no porcentual de amostras positivas que foi observado, espera-se que os resultados do presente trabalho sirvam de subsídio para programas que visem ao controle da população de cães errantes, ao tratamento periódico destes animais e à promoção da educação em saúde da população no que concerne ao recolhimento das fezes de seus cães, o que evitaria a contaminação de locais públicos.

Despite the importance of domestic dogs to humans, the benefits of interaction are significantlyattenuated when these animals contaminate mutual interaction environments with zoonotic pathogens.The present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of parasitic forms in fecal samples from dogs(Cannis familiaris) collected in public squares in the city of Pindamonhangaba from September2010 to September 2011. A total of 640 fecal samples were collected at eight public squares and sentunder refrigeration to the laboratory of parasitology of FAPI. The samples were analyzed using the Willis-Molay (1921) and modified Ritchie (1948) methods and, after examination by light microscopy,were positive for evolving forms of potentially zoonotic helminths, namely: Ancylostomidae (23.4%), Toxocara spp. (8.1%) and Trichuris spp. (3.1%). There was a significant prevalence (p<0.05) of evolving forms of Toxocara spp. in the period corresponding to early spring, however, Ancylostomidae was more prevalent in the early summer and early autumn. It was also possible to observe a significant difference(p <0.05) in the efficacy of the Willis-Molay method (27.18% of positive samples) for parasitological diagnosis when compared to the modified Ritchie method (8.1% of positive samples). Based on the percentage of positive samples that was observed, it is expected that the results of this research may help promote programs aimed at controlling the population of stray dogs, as well as the periodic treatment of these animals, and the promotion of health education in the population regarding the collection of dogfeces and avoiding contamination of public places.

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RESUMO

Diversos inquéritos coproparasitológicos têm destacado Ancylostoma spp. como sendo a espéciede helmintos que mais frequentemente parasita o cão doméstico, podendo gerar uma série de danos ao hospedeiro como irritabilidade, anorexia, anemia severa e morte. Os ancilostomídeossão enteroparasitos que desenvolvem uma parte do seu ciclo de vida no solo, tratando-se de um curto período de maturação de ovos e eclosão e evolução de larvas. É fundamental que esses doisprocessos ocorram para que o parasito possa evoluir para a fase infectante em seus hospedeiros. No presente trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar, in vitro, a propriedade ovicida e larvicida de extratos vegetais de plantas tóxicas coletadas na região do Vale Paraíba ante a Ancylostoma spp. Foramobtidos extratos hidroalcoólicos de dez plantas pelo método de Soxhlet, que foram concentrados por evaporação do solvente, sendo a concentração final do extrato ajustada para 10por cento do extrato bruto. Amostras fecais de cães naturalmente infectados foram utilizadas, das quais foram purificadosovos de ancilostomídeos e, em paralelo, procedeu-se à cultura de larvas pelo método de Harada-Mori. Das plantas avaliadas, quatro apresentaram resultados promissores: Allamanda cathartica L. (Apocynaceae), Nerium oleander L. (Apocynaceae), Mirabilis jalapa L. (Nyctaginaceae) e Brugmansia suaveolens Willd. (Solanaceae). Merecem destaque as duas últimas, pois apresentaram 100por cento de atividade larvicida na diluição de 12,5mg/mL, demonstrando, desse modo, o potencial da aplicabilidade destes extratos na descontaminação ambiental no que diz respeito ao controle de larvas de Ancylostoma spp.

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RESUMO

Canis familiaris is a domestic animal which plays an important role as a pet; however, it is very likely to develop diseases characterized by high morbidity and mortality. In this sense, there are some Ancylostomatidae species that can lead to anemia, weight loss, and abdominal pain. Therefore, the treatment with allopathic drugs is essential for eliminating the parasitism. However, the increasing occurrence of resistance to allopathic treatments stimulates the search for new therapeutic inputs, among which the probiotics stand out and are able to positively alter the intestinal microbiota and exert immunomodulatory effect. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the applicability of using species of Lactobacillus (L. acidophilus ATCC 4536, L. plantarum ATCC 8014, and L. delbrueckii UFV H2B20) to control canine ancylostomiasis. A probiotic preparation containing 1 × 10(6) CFU of each strain was administered to 10 naturally infected animals, on alternate days for 28 days. It was observed that the treatment with the probiotic preparation led to a significant reduction in EPG of feces (88.83%/ P < 0.05), as well as an increase in leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, highlighting the potential use of Lactobacillus species in the control of canine ancylostomiasis.

RESUMO

Neurocysticercosis is the central nervous system infestation by Cysticercus cellulosae, the larval form of Taenia solium. It is related to poor hygiene habits and sanitation; although Northeast is poorest Region of Brazil, it has been always stated as a non-endemic area. After the installation of computed tomography (CT) service, the incidence of neurocysticercosis began to raise in neurology services in Campina Grande PB, a city where people from the interior Paraíba can find specialized medical facilities. We analyse 5,883 CT record of the TomoHPI Computed Tomography Service from August 1993 to December 1995, observing 1.02 per cent suggestive neurocysticercosis cases and classified them according to sex and age, procedence and socioeconomic condition. Distribution of cases according to age is homogeneous until the age of 50 (mean: 28.36 years old). Men and women are equally affected. Urban areas inhabitants represented 83.33 per cent. Residents of Campina Grande represented 48.33 per cent and 48.34 per cent were residents of cities around Campina Grande (until 50 Km around) and other cities of Paraíba State. Fifty-eight patients were dependent to public health care system. We conclude that neurocysticercosis seems to be endemic in Paraíba State, demanding a more detailed study to determine its incidence/prevalence.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Neurocysticercosis is the infection of the central nervous system by the larval form of Taenia Solium, the Cysticercus cellulosae. We studied 4011 computerized tomographies perfomed in TomoHPI Radioimaging Service, Hospital Pedro I, Campina Grande PB, Northern Brazil, since its installation on August 1993 to July 1995. 41 patients were diagnosed as having Cysticercus cerebral infestation, corresponding to an incidence of 1.02 per cent. No cases were related in Campina Grande PB during 1991 according to hospitalizations under prospective payment rates. After this radioimaging service installation, we observed 1.86 cases per month. We conclude that Campina Grande has to be included as an endemic area of neurocysticercosis, needing health service measures to cease the cycle Taenia-Cysticercus, the only way to get rid of such a serious problem.

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