RESUMO

Background: Dioctophyma renale or giant worm is a parasite that has hematophagous habits and it is found worldwide. It is most commonly observed in stray and wild domestic carnivores. It affects several wild and herbivore animals. Even though it is a zoonosis, it rarely affects humans. Its diagnosis is occasionally made during surgeries and necropsies, by the presence of eggs or the parasite itself in the urine. Its epidemiology, with a complex life cycle, starts with the eggs containing the first stage larvae, which are then ingested by its intermediate host, an aquatic oligochaete (annelid) (Lumbriculus variegatus) and the definitive host is infected by ingestion of this latter or its paratenic host, namely fish and frog. The purpose of this study was to report two Dioctophyma renale cases with different life cycles, one in the left inguinal region of a dog and the other one in an ulcerated tumor in the right I2 teat of a bitch. Case: The first case consisted of a 5-month old mongrel dog weighting 8 kg, whose owners main complaint was a large growth observed in the left inguinal region of the animal. No other alterations were identified at the general physical examination. An exploratory surgical procedure was immediately chosen, at which time the parasite was detected. The antibiotic prophylaxis used enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg and the pre-emptive analgesic was flunixin meglumine 1.1 mg/kg, both applied intramuscularly. Ketamine5 mg/kg associated with xylazine 2 mg/kg, administrated intravenously was used in the anesthesia, and its maintenance was made with ketamine. An incision was made to the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles and peritoneum in order to access the inguinal region, at which time the parasite was found. The second case was an 8-year-old mongrel bitch, not spayed and weighting 15 kg, which was taken to the Hospital of Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Brazil. At clinical examination, an increase in volume and the presence of an ulcer were observed in the right I2 abdominal teat. Based on this, regional mastectomy was indicated for T3, I1 and I2. The hemogram did not reveal any important alterations. The antibiotic prophylaxis used benzathine penicillin 40 mg/kg and the pre-emptive analgesic was flunixin meglumine 1.1 mg/kg, applied intramuscularly. Ketamine5 mg/kg associated with diazepam 0.5 mg/kg, administrated intravenously, was used for the induction of anesthesia. The anesthesia was maintained with halothane in a semi-closed circuit. An elliptical incision was made to the medium caudal line, with dilatation and ligation of the mammary artery, followed by removal of the teats. After surgery, the parasite was found upon incision of the part removed. During the entire transoperative procedure, the animals received 10 mL/ kg Ringer Lactate/hour. Discussion: The identification of the parasite was based on its morphological characteristics, particularly regarding size and color. The surgical findings were accidental. The parasite is identified during necropsy or when its eggs are found in urine, or when the parasite itself is eliminated. Excretory urography and ultrasound do not reveal the parasite, but they may indicate a renal dysfunction. Several parasites can be found in the same host. Only one female and one male were observed in each of the cases. The most efficient treatment is the surgical removal of the parasite and, in some cases, nephrotomy and nephrectomy are also indicated. The patients fully recovered from the condition. Organs must always be observed in procedures involving or not cavities.(AU)

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RESUMO

Background: Urolithiasis, which is characterized by the presence of stone(s) in the urinary tract, is found in young, male and confined small ruminants. It results from the interaction of several physiological and nutritional factors associated with animal management. The condition is linked to concentrated diets based on grains, with a high phosphorus and magnesium content. The illness becomes important when the stones cause obstruction, which normally occurs in the urethra and which may lead to a rupture of the bladder if the obstruction is not alleviated. In which case, an increase of the abdominal volume is observed, due to the presence of urine in the abdominal cavity. The animal may die from uremia within two to three days, but this period can be longer. Several surgical techniques for the treatment of urolithiasis have been described: amputation of the urethral process with penile transposition, urethrostomy and cystotomy. This study describes a case of obstructive urolithiasis in an ovine, with orchiectomy and penectomy, followed by a perineal urethrostomy. Case: The animal in question is an one-year old half-breed male pet sheep, weighing 11.5 kg and admitted to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Brazil. The main complaint was that the animal was not “urinating”. During anamnesis, the owner reported that the condition started approximately seven days ago with anorexia, abdominal distension and difficult urination. At the physical examination, it was observed a slightly increased cardiac frequency, decreased ruminal movements, pale mucous, dehydration, lethargy, distension and intense abdominal pain, urinary bladder filled, strangury, trauma and penile protrusion with necrosis, urine infiltration in the subcutaneous tissue, preputial and testicular edema.[...](AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Urolithiasis, which is characterized by the presence of stone(s) in the urinary tract, is found in young, male and confined small ruminants. It results from the interaction of several physiological and nutritional factors associated with animal management. The condition is linked to concentrated diets based on grains, with a high phosphorus and magnesium content. The illness becomes important when the stones cause obstruction, which normally occurs in the urethra and which may lead to a rupture of the bladder if the obstruction is not alleviated. In which case, an increase of the abdominal volume is observed, due to the presence of urine in the abdominal cavity. The animal may die from uremia within two to three days, but this period can be longer. Several surgical techniques for the treatment of urolithiasis have been described: amputation of the urethral process with penile transposition, urethrostomy and cystotomy. This study describes a case of obstructive urolithiasis in an ovine, with orchiectomy and penectomy, followed by a perineal urethrostomy. Case: The animal in question is an one-year old half-breed male pet sheep, weighing 11.5 kg and admitted to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Brazil. The main complaint was that the animal was not “urinating”. During anamnesis, the owner reported that the condition started approximately seven days ago with anorexia, abdominal distension and difficult urination. At the physical examination, it was observed a slightly increased cardiac frequency, decreased ruminal movements, pale mucous, dehydration, lethargy, distension and intense abdominal pain, urinary bladder filled, strangury, trauma and penile protrusion with necrosis, urine infiltration in the subcutaneous tissue, preputial and testicular edema.[...]

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Dioctophyma renale or giant worm is a parasite that has hematophagous habits and it is found worldwide. It is most commonly observed in stray and wild domestic carnivores. It affects several wild and herbivore animals. Even though it is a zoonosis, it rarely affects humans. Its diagnosis is occasionally made during surgeries and necropsies, by the presence of eggs or the parasite itself in the urine. Its epidemiology, with a complex life cycle, starts with the eggs containing the first stage larvae, which are then ingested by its intermediate host, an aquatic oligochaete (annelid) (Lumbriculus variegatus) and the definitive host is infected by ingestion of this latter or its paratenic host, namely fish and frog. The purpose of this study was to report two Dioctophyma renale cases with different life cycles, one in the left inguinal region of a dog and the other one in an ulcerated tumor in the right I2 teat of a bitch. Case: The first case consisted of a 5-month old mongrel dog weighting 8 kg, whose owner’s main complaint was a large growth observed in the left inguinal region of the animal. No other alterations were identified at the general physical examination. An exploratory surgical procedure was immediately chosen, at which time the parasite was detected. The antibiotic prophylaxis used enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg and the pre-emptive analgesic was flunixin meglumine 1.1 mg/kg, both applied intramuscularly. Ketamine5 mg/kg associated with xylazine 2 mg/kg, administrated intravenously was used in the anesthesia, and its maintenance was made with ketamine. An incision was made to the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles and peritoneum in order to access the inguinal region, at which time the parasite was found. The second case was an 8-year-old mongrel bitch, not spayed and weighting 15 kg, which was taken to the Hospital of Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Brazil. At clinical examination, an increase in volume and the presence of an ulcer were observed in the right I2 abdominal teat. Based on this, regional mastectomy was indicated for T3, I1 and I2. The hemogram did not reveal any important alterations. The antibiotic prophylaxis used benzathine penicillin 40 mg/kg and the pre-emptive analgesic was flunixin meglumine 1.1 mg/kg, applied intramuscularly. Ketamine5 mg/kg associated with diazepam 0.5 mg/kg, administrated intravenously, was used for the induction of anesthesia. The anesthesia was maintained with halothane in a semi-closed circuit. An elliptical incision was made to the medium caudal line, with dilatation and ligation of the mammary artery, followed by removal of the teats. After surgery, the parasite was found upon incision of the part removed. During the entire transoperative procedure, the animals received 10 mL/ kg Ringer Lactate/hour. Discussion: The identification of the parasite was based on its morphological characteristics, particularly regarding size and color. The surgical findings were accidental. The parasite is identified during necropsy or when its eggs are found in urine, or when the parasite itself is eliminated. Excretory urography and ultrasound do not reveal the parasite, but they may indicate a renal dysfunction. Several parasites can be found in the same host. Only one female and one male were observed in each of the cases. The most efficient treatment is the surgical removal of the parasite and, in some cases, nephrotomy and nephrectomy are also indicated. The patients fully recovered from the condition. Organs must always be observed in procedures involving or not cavities.

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RESUMO

Objetivou-se descrever o perfil sanitário da caprinovinocultura do sertão de Pernambuco, sendo visitadas 150 propriedades e descritas as características das instalações, as práticas sanitárias e os achados clínicos mais frequentes. Os resultados mostraram que predominam as instalações com piso de terra batida (74,8%) e descobertas (61,7%) e reservatórios de água abertos (83%). Em apenas 3,4% das propriedades a água era tratada. O registro das ocorrências era realizado por apenas 26% dos produtores e 47,6% tratavam o umbigo dos recém-nascidos com iodo. No que diz respeito às carcaças, 31,8% dos proprietários davam destino adequado a elas. A higiene diária das instalações era realizada em apenas 14% das propriedades e a desinfecção em 16,9%. A vermifugação foi a prática mais difundida (88,2%) e apenas 6,2% dos produtores dispunham de assistência técnica contínua. Os principais achados clínicos foram sugestivos de doenças infecciosas e parasitárias. Conclui-se que a caprinovinocultura do Sertão de Pernambuco é desenvolvida em instalações modestas, o manejo sanitário é deficiente e as tecnologias disponíveis são pouco utilizadas, impossibilitando a prevenção e controle de doenças, principalmente as de origem infecciosa e parasitária.

The objective of this study was to describe the sanitary profile of the caprine-ovineculture from the Hinterland of Pernambuco State. In total 150 properties were visited and the characteristics of the installations, the sanitary practices and the most frequent clinical findings were described. The results show that the installations with beaten soil (74.8%) and uncovered soil predominated (61.7%); the water reservoirs were open (83%) and in only 3.4% of the properties the water was treated; the register of the occurrences of the flocks was carried out by only 26% of the producers, and 47.6% treated the new-born navels with iodine; only 31.8% of the producers gave adequate destination to the dead animals carcass; the daily cleaning of the installations was done in only 14% of the properties and the disinfection in 16%; the vermifugation was the most known practice (88.2%) and only 6.1% of all breeders used continuous technical assistance. The main clinical findings suggested infectious and parasitic illnesses. In conclusion, the caprine-ovineculture from the Hinterland of Pernambuco State is developed in simple installations, the sanitary management is deficient and the available technologies are scarcely used, inhibiting the prevention and control of illnesses, mainly the ones of infectious and parasitic origin.

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RESUMO

Uma das maneiras de monitorar a concentração de glicose no sangue é através de um aparelho portátil chamado glicosímetro. O equipamento, desenvolvido para mensurar a glicemia de pacientes humanos, foi empregado neste experimento para verificar se os resultados com amostras de sangue de cães também são confiáveis. Para realizar o exame, foi colhida uma gota de sangue capilar da orelha de 36 caninos. A variação média entre o glicosímetro em comparação com o método laboratorial de referência foi de 7,90 %, estando este valor dentro dos padrões estabelecidos por órgãos reguladores da área, como o American Diabetes Association (ADA). Conclui-se que o glicosímetro é uma ferramenta confiável para dosar e/ou monitorar a glicemia em cães, tendo como vantagens a praticidade e rapidez com que os resultados são fornecidos.

One of the ways of monitoring the glucose concentration in the blood is with a portable device, known as glucometer. The equipment, developed to measure the glycemia of human patients, was used in this experiment with the purpose of verifying if the results of samples of dogs’ blood are also reliable. To perform the exam a drop of capillary blood from the ear of 36 dogs was collected. The mean variation when comparing the glucometer and the laboratorial reference method was 7.90%, being this result within the patterns established by regulatory organs of the area, such as the American Diabetes Association (ADA). It was concluded that the portable glucometer is a reliable tool to dose and/or monitor dogs glycemia, having as advantages the practicality and speed for obtaining the results.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Uma das maneiras de monitorar a concentração de glicose no sangue é através de um aparelho portátil chamado glicosímetro. O equipamento, desenvolvido para mensurar a glicemia de pacientes humanos, foi empregado neste experimento para verificar se os resultados com amostras de sangue de cães também são confiáveis. Para realizar o exame, foi colhida uma gota de sangue capilar da orelha de 36 caninos. A variação média entre o glicosímetro em comparação com o método laboratorial de referência foi de 7,90 %, estando este valor dentro dos padrões estabelecidos por órgãos reguladores da área, como o American Diabetes Association (ADA). Conclui-se que o glicosímetro é uma ferramenta confiável para dosar e/ou monitorar a glicemia em cães, tendo como vantagens a praticidade e rapidez com que os resultados são fornecidos.(AU)

One of the ways of monitoring the glucose concentration in the blood is with a portable device, known as glucometer. The equipment, developed to measure the glycemia of human patients, was used in this experiment with the purpose of verifying if the results of samples of dogs blood are also reliable. To perform the exam a drop of capillary blood from the ear of 36 dogs was collected. The mean variation when comparing the glucometer and the laboratorial reference method was 7.90%, being this result within the patterns established by regulatory organs of the area, such as the American Diabetes Association (ADA). It was concluded that the portable glucometer is a reliable tool to dose and/or monitor dogs glycemia, having as advantages the practicality and speed for obtaining the results.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivou-se descrever o perfil sanitário da caprinovinocultura do sertão de Pernambuco, sendo visitadas 150 propriedades e descritas as características das instalações, as práticas sanitárias e os achados clínicos mais frequentes. Os resultados mostraram que predominam as instalações com piso de terra batida (74,8%) e descobertas (61,7%) e reservatórios de água abertos (83%). Em apenas 3,4% das propriedades a água era tratada. O registro das ocorrências era realizado por apenas 26% dos produtores e 47,6% tratavam o umbigo dos recém-nascidos com iodo. No que diz respeito às carcaças, 31,8% dos proprietários davam destino adequado a elas. A higiene diária das instalações era realizada em apenas 14% das propriedades e a desinfecção em 16,9%. A vermifugação foi a prática mais difundida (88,2%) e apenas 6,2% dos produtores dispunham de assistência técnica contínua. Os principais achados clínicos foram sugestivos de doenças infecciosas e parasitárias. Conclui-se que a caprinovinocultura do Sertão de Pernambuco é desenvolvida em instalações modestas, o manejo sanitário é deficiente e as tecnologias disponíveis são pouco utilizadas, impossibilitando a prevenção e controle de doenças, principalmente as de origem infecciosa e parasitária.(AU)

The objective of this study was to describe the sanitary profile of the caprine-ovineculture from the Hinterland of Pernambuco State. In total 150 properties were visited and the characteristics of the installations, the sanitary practices and the most frequent clinical findings were described. The results show that the installations with beaten soil (74.8%) and uncovered soil predominated (61.7%); the water reservoirs were open (83%) and in only 3.4% of the properties the water was treated; the register of the occurrences of the flocks was carried out by only 26% of the producers, and 47.6% treated the new-born navels with iodine; only 31.8% of the producers gave adequate destination to the dead animals carcass; the daily cleaning of the installations was done in only 14% of the properties and the disinfection in 16%; the vermifugation was the most known practice (88.2%) and only 6.1% of all breeders used continuous technical assistance. The main clinical findings suggested infectious and parasitic illnesses. In conclusion, the caprine-ovineculture from the Hinterland of Pernambuco State is developed in simple installations, the sanitary management is deficient and the available technologies are scarcely used, inhibiting the prevention and control of illnesses, mainly the ones of infectious and parasitic origin.(AU)

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RESUMO

Treze casos de feridas infectadas, de diversas causa, foram tratadas comaplicacao topica e oral da Calendula officinalis. Apos conduta padrao de lavagem, com solucao de cloreto de sodio e debridamento da lesao, recobriu-se a ferida com pomada de Calendula officinalis e administrou-se Calendula officinalis 12CH por via oral. Foram idntificados... (AU)

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RESUMO

Feridas experimentais foram recobertas com substitutos temporários de pele produzidos com poliuretano, hidrocolóide, hemicelulose e vaselina e com gaze, para avaliaçäo do cálculo da área e percentual de contraçäo ao 7§, 14§ e 28§ dias de evoluçäo. O curativo hidrocolóide proporcionou uma reduçäo da área inicial ao sétimo dia, näo se observando diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos nos períodos seguintes.

Assuntos