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INTRODUCTION: Alcohol ingestion influences metabolism during a subsequent exercise session, as evidenced by increased blood lactate concentration during fixed-intensity exercise. Therefore, augmented blood concentrations of alcohol may interfere with the anaerobic metabolism during high-intensity, short-duration exercise bout, thereby leading to impaired athletic performance. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether the acute ingestion of alcohol as ethanol modulates performance parameters derived from the power-duration relationship in a 3-min all-out cycling test that allows for identifying the power output related to heavy and severe exercise intensities. METHODS: Twenty-four recreationally active cyclists (16 men and 8 women) ingested a beverage containing either 0.4 g ethanol.kg-1 body mass (EtOH) or a placebo (PLA) solution. Thirty minutes following ingestion, they completed a 3-min all-out test to measure power output and determine the end-test power (EP) and the work done above EP (WEP). RESULTS: Alcohol ingestion decreased WEP by 16% (EtOH: 5.6 ± 2.5 kJ vs. PLA: 6.7 ± 2.4 kJ; P = .003) but did not change EP (EtOH: 211 ± 44 W vs. PLA: 212 ± 44 W; P = .671). The alcohol-mediated effect in WEP was not influenced when controlling for participants' sex or accuracy in identifying the beverage ingested. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that alcohol ingestion impaired the anaerobic work capacity, as evidenced by the reduction in WEP during the 3-min all-out test. Moreover, the ability to exercise at an intensity above the heavy domain may be decreased after ingestion of a moderate alcohol dose.
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Teste de Esforço , Exercício Físico , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Etanol/farmacologia , Ingestão de Alimentos , PoliésteresAssuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Pacientes , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia ComputadorizadaRESUMO
Leishmaniasis is a group of infectious-parasitic diseases with high mortality rates, and endemic in many regions of the globe. The currently available drugs present serious problems such as high toxicity, costs, and the emergence of drug resistance. This has stimulated research into new antileishmania drugs based on natural products and their derivatives. ß-Ocimene is a monoterpene found naturally in the essential oils of many plant species which presents antileishmanial activity, and which has not yet been evaluated for its potential to inhibit the etiological agent of leishmaniasis. The aim of this work was to evaluate the activity of ß-ocimene against Leishmania amazonensis, its cytotoxicity, and potential mechanisms of action. ß-Ocimene presented direct activity against the parasite, with excellent growth inhibition of promastigotes (IC50 = 2.78 µM) and axenic amastigotes (EC50 = 1.12 µM) at concentrations non-toxic to RAW 264.7 macrophages (CC50 = 114.5 µM). The effect is related to changes in membrane permeability and resulting abnormalities in the parasitic cell shape. These were, respectively, observed in membrane integrity and atomic force microscopy assays. ß-Ocimene was also shown to act indirectly, with greater activity against intra-macrophagic amastigotes (EC50 = 0.89 µM), increasing TNF-α, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), with lysosomal effects, as well as promoting decreases in IL-10 and IL-6. Against intra-macrophagic amastigote forms the selectivity index was higher than the reference drugs, being 469.52 times more selective than meglumine antimoniate, and 42.88 times more selective than amphotericin B. Our results suggest that ß-ocimene possesses promising in vitro antileishmania activity and is a potential candidate for investigation in in vivo assays.
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OBJECTIVE: The objective was to analyse and compare the formation and quality of the embryos developed using conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) and IVC techniques with an INVOCell™ device. METHODS: Two groups were formed, with eight couples in each, one in culture for three days (D3) and another in culture for five days (D5), using intravaginal culture technique with an INVOcell device and a conventional in vitro fertilization technique. RESULTS: Embryo formation in Group D5 showed 46.7% (IVC) and 40% (IVF) of recovered blastocysts. In the group D5, the conventional IVF, better embryo development dynamics was observed, with 66% of expanded blastocysts, against 28% in the IVC. Group D3 showed 75% (IVC) and 53% (IVF) of embryo formation. Embryonic quality in Group D3 demonstrated that IVF embryos had a better synchrony in the number and quality of blastomeres. All embryos recovered in Group D3, in both techniques, did not show fragmentation. The pH of the medium contained in the INVOCell™ device in both Groups D5 and D3 showed no differences. The means were 7.26 and 7.25, respectively. The pH of the medium used in IVF was 7.29 in both groups. Microbiological analyzes of the culture media contained in the INVOCell™ devices used in Group D5 were negative. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the IVC technique, using the INVOCell™ device, provided a healthy and balanced environment for the development and obtaining of quality embryos with three and five days of culture.
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Blastocisto , Técnicas de Cultura Embrionária , Fertilização in vitro , Humanos , Meios de Cultura , Técnicas de Cultura Embrionária/métodos , Embrião de Mamíferos , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Fertilização in vitro/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , FemininoRESUMO
Understanding the factors that underlie the physical exercise-induced increase in body core temperature (TCORE) is essential to developing strategies to counteract hyperthermic fatigue and reduce the risk of exertional heatstroke. This study analyzed the contribution of six factors to TCORE attained at fatigue in Wistar rats (n = 218) subjected to incremental-speed treadmill running: ambient temperature (TAMB), distance traveled, initial TCORE, body mass, measurement site, and heat loss index (HLI). First, we ran hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses with data from different studies conducted in our laboratory (n = 353 recordings). We observed that TAMB, distance traveled, initial TCORE, and measurement site were the variables with predictive power. Next, regression analyses were conducted with data for each of the following TCORE indices: abdominal (TABD), brain cortex (TBRAIN), or colonic (TCOL) temperature. Our findings indicated that TAMB, distance traveled (i.e., an exercise performance-related variable), initial TCORE, and HLI predicted the three TCORE indices at fatigue. Most intriguingly, HLI was inversely related to TABD and TBRAIN but positively associated with TCOL. Lastly, we compared the temperature values at fatigue among these TCORE indices, and the following descendent order was noticed - TCOL, TABD, and TBRAIN - irrespective of TAMB where experiments were conducted. In conclusion, TCORE in rats exercised to fatigue depends primarily on environmental conditions, performance, pre-exercise TCORE, and measurement site. Moreover, the influence of cutaneous heat loss on TCOL is qualitatively different from the influence on TABD and TBRAIN, and the temperature values at fatigue are not homogenous within the body core.
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Regulação da Temperatura Corporal , Temperatura Corporal , Ratos , Animais , Temperatura , Ratos Wistar , FadigaRESUMO
Introduction: the Sustainable Development Goals define the goals that were defined to be achieved by the signatory member countries to reach by 2030 with the purpose of reducing indicators to promote equality and equity for all.Objective: to describe the path taken towards the adoption of the 2030 Agenda, from its antecedents, main concepts and innovations, resulting in a fundamental and guiding element in the formulation of public policies.Methods: study based on secondary sources of literature relevant to the topic, considering articles from national and international journals and recent productions on the Sustainable Development GoalsResults: the challenges of internalizing the Sustainable Development Goals, with the definition of national goals and indicators, addresses the challenges and setbacks in their implementation, especially with the national reorientation aimed at fulfilling the 2030 Agenda from this year onwards, especially in light of mid-cycle assessments, to take place this year.Conclusion: the demobilization in the adoption of the 2030 Agenda at the Federal level, from 2019 onwards, as the global political scenario of successive crises has severely impacted the fulfillment of the agreed objectives, an accelerated effort to resume policies is necessary, involving public agents , civil society and academia, so that the second half of the time frame for implementing the 2030 Agenda is more assertive and achieves the proposed objectives and goals, without effectively leaving anyone behind
Introdução: os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável definem as metas que foram definidas para ser alcançadas pelos países membros signatários para alcançar até 2030 com o propósito de diminuir indicadores para promoção de igualdade e equidade de todos. Objetivo: descrever o caminho percorrido para a adoção da Agenda 2030, desde seus antecedentes, principais conceitos e inovações, resultando em elemento fundamental e orientador na formulação de políticas públicas. Método: estudo consubstanciado em fontes secundárias da literatura pertinente à temática, considerando artigos de periódicos nacionais e internacionais e produções recentes sobre os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável.Resultados: os desafios da internalização dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, com a definição de metas e indicadores nacionais aborda os desafios e revezes na sua implementação, especialmente com a reorientação nacional visando o cumprimento da Agenda 2030 à partir do presente ano, em especial à luz das avaliações de meio de ciclo, a ocorrer este ano.Conclusão: a desmobilização na adoção da Agenda 2030 na esfera Federal, a partir de 2019, como o cenário político mundial de sucessivas crises, impactaram severamente no cumprimento dos objetivos pactuados, é necessário um esforço acelerado de retomada de políticas, que envolva agentes públicos, sociedade-civil e academia, para que a segunda metade do intervalo temporal de implementação da Agenda 2030 seja mais assertivo e alcance os objetivos e metas propostos, sem deixar efetivamente ninguém para trás
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The efficiency index (Effindex) combines internal and external loads, and it has been considered a promising tool to evaluate physical fitness status. However, its real applicability and limitations have not been elucidated yet. To examine and discuss the findings from studies that used Effindex as a tool for the evaluation of physical fitness status in team sports. A systematic search was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The databases conferred were PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE and CINAHL. The articles selected were published up to March 2021. Fourteen articles were included after meeting the inclusion criteria. A wide variety of combinations of external and internal loading parameters to calculate Effindex were found. The pooled sample included 349 male participants (23 ± 3 years). Fifty-nine percent of the sample were soccer players, 20% rugby players, 10% Australian football players, 7% hurling players, and 4% basketball players. Most Effindex calculations used total distance (TD) divided by heart rate derived parameters. However, recent studies have suggested the use of accelerations as the external load parameter. Effindex is a simple and powerful tool for the evaluation of physical fitness status in team sports athletes. The disparity of external and internal loading parameters used to calculate Effindex may affect its sensitivity to detect changes in fitness status in different team sport settings. More studies with indoor team sports and female athletes are warranted.
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Thermoregulatory changes may influence the rats' prolonged physical performance and are commonly evaluated during treadmill running. Therefore, we determined the reliability of performance and thermoregulatory parameters in rats subjected to incremental-speed exercises (i.e., we assessed whether the testing protocol provides measurements that are consistent and free from error). Twenty rats were subjected to two sessions of incremental exercises at 24 °C, separated by 48 h, until they were fatigued. The rats' performance and thermoregulatory responses were determined, and values concerning the reliability of these parameters [e.g., intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and minimal detectable change (MDC)] were calculated. Our data revealed that the core temperature (TCORE) at fatigue and heat loss threshold were the most reproducible parameters, showing good reliability (ICC between 0.75 and 0.90). Moreover, all performance parameters assessed, the change in TCORE, the rate of TCORE increase, and the TCORE increase-to-distance traveled ratio presented moderate reliability. We then investigated whether changes in performance and thermoregulation induced by a warm environment were greater than the MDC95% values determined in the first experiment. Eight rats were subjected to incremental exercises at two environmental conditions: 24 °C and 31 °C. Individual analyses showed that most rats presented thermoregulatory differences between exercises at 31 °C and 24 °C greater than the calculated MDC95% values; this was not the case for their performance. In conclusion, we provide data on the reliability of rats' performance and thermoregulatory parameters during incremental-speed running. Also, the exercise in a warm environment produced detectable thermoregulatory changes relative to the exercise under temperate conditions.
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Regulação da Temperatura Corporal , Corrida , Animais , Fadiga , Desempenho Físico Funcional , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease, is endemic in 21â Latin American countries and particularly prevalent in Brazil. Chagas disease has drawn more attention in recent years due to its expansion into non-endemic areas. The aim of this work was to computationally identify and experimentally validate the natural products from an Annonaceae family as antichagasic agents. Through the ligand-based virtual screening, we identified 57â molecules with potential activity against the epimastigote form of T.â cruzi. Then, 16â molecules were analyzed in the inâ vitro study, of which, six molecules displayed previously unknown antiepimastigote activity. We also evaluated these six molecules for trypanocidal activity. We observed that all six molecules have potential activity against the amastigote form, but no molecules were active against the trypomastigote form. 13-Epicupressic acid seems to be the most promising, as it was predicted as an active compound in the in silico study against the amastigote form of T.â cruzi, in addition to having inâ vitro activity against the epimastigote form.
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Annonaceae , Produtos Biológicos , Doença de Chagas , Tripanossomicidas , Trypanosoma cruzi , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Produtos Biológicos/uso terapêutico , Doença de Chagas/tratamento farmacológico , Tripanossomicidas/farmacologia , Tripanossomicidas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
A variety of pneumonia cases of unknown cause emerged in China in December 2019. A new virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Within a few days, COVID-19 became a pandemic disease. This review aimed to investigate the possible implications of COVID-19 for human reproductive systems, as in previous studies ACE2 was highly expressed in some organs of these systems, such as the testicles. A total of 41 publications were found in the specialized databases and, after selection, 7 articles were used to build this study. Our results showed that the fever caused by COVID-19 has a negative effect on spermatogenesis, there is high expression of ACE2 in the testicles and in the uterine tubes and there is a higher level of transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), which is also responsible for the entry of the virus into the cell. Moreover, it was noted that there was viral genetic material in the semen and an increase in the serum concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) in men and women, which could cause hypogonadism. Thus, we conclude that there is the possibility of infection and malfunction in the reproductive organs as well as the plausibility of sexual transmission of this disease. Further analysis must be carried out to prove the effects of COVID-19 on the human reproductive systems.
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COVID-19 , Feminino , Genitália Feminina , Humanos , Masculino , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , SêmenRESUMO
This study investigated the effects of increasing the intensity and/or duration of aerobic training sessions on thermoregulatory responses in rats subjected to exercises in temperate and warm environments. Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: a control (CON) group and three groups that were subjected to an 8-week aerobic training, during which the physical overload was achieved by predominantly increasing the exercise intensity (INT), duration (DUR) or by increasing both in an alternate manner (ID). During the last week of training, the rats received an abdominal sensor implant to measure their core body temperature (TCORE) by telemetry. After the training protocol, the 32 rats were subjected to incremental speed-exercises in temperate (23 °C) and warm (32 °C) environments. The rats had their TCORE recorded while running on a treadmill, and the ratio between the increase in TCORE and distance traveled was calculated to estimate thermoregulatory efficiency. All training protocols increased the rats' thermoregulatory efficiency during the incremental-speed exercise at 23 °C; i.e., trained rats attained faster running speeds but unchanged TCORE at fatigue compared to CON rats. However, none of the load components of training sessions - intensity or duration - was more effective than the other in improving this efficiency. At 32 °C, the aerobic training protocols did not influence the exercise-induced thermoregulatory responses. Our data indicate that different progressions in aerobic training performed at temperate conditions improved thermoregulatory efficiency during incremental exercise in the same environment; this training-induced adaptation was not clearly observed when running in warmer conditions.
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Regulação da Temperatura Corporal/fisiologia , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Animais , Masculino , Ratos Wistar , TemperaturaRESUMO
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated systemic disorder triggered by gluten and related prolamins in genetically predisposed individuals. Here, we described a case of a 31-year-old Caucasian woman who exhibited cerebellar and psychiatric dysfunctions. The patient underwent single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT-CT) before and after a gluten-free diet (GFD). There was an improvement in cerebellar perfusion accompanied by a remission of cerebellar manifestations. The maintenance of the psychiatric manifestations was related to the persistence of the hypoperfusion in the frontal lobes. The patient's psychiatric symptoms did not change after 4 months under a GFD in the hospital. To our knowledge, this is the first case that shows the relationship between improvement in cerebellar perfusion and remission of cerebellar clinical manifestations in a CD patient under a GFD.
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Doença Celíaca , Ataxia Cerebelar , Adulto , Doença Celíaca/complicações , Doença Celíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Ataxia Cerebelar/complicações , Ataxia Cerebelar/diagnóstico por imagem , Dieta Livre de Glúten , Feminino , Humanos , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
ABSTRACT Introduction: Fatigue due to endurance exercise results from both peripheral and central changes, and may influence subsequent performance during a strength task. The increase in serotonin concentration is one of the central factors associated with endurance exercise-induced fatigue, particularly in hot environments. A nutritional strategy employed to reduce serotonergic activation is supplementation with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). Objective: To investigate whether BCAA supplementation attenuates the reduction in isometric force caused by prior endurance exercise in a hot environment. Methods: Nine volunteers (aged 25.4 ± 1.2 years) performed a 2-min maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVCISO) of upper limb muscles before and after an endurance exercise on a cycle ergometer at 40% of the maximal aerobic power. The volunteers underwent three experimental trials: 1) endurance exercise in a temperate environment (23°C and 60% RH); exercise in a hot environment (35°C and 60% RH) with the ingestion of: 2) a placebo solution or 3) a solution containing BCAA 30 mg.kg−1. During the MVCISO test, the isometric force of flexor muscles of the right elbow, core body temperature (TCORE) and heart rate (HR) were measured. Results: Isometric force decreased following endurance exercise in the hot environment, and BCAA administration did not attenuate this reduction. Greater TCORE and HR values were observed following endurance exercise in the heat, compared to pre-exercise values, and supplementation did not interfere with these physiological responses. Conclusion: The reduction in isometric force, caused by previous endurance exercise in a hot environment, was not diminished by supplementation with BCAA. Level of evidence I; Type of study: Therapeutic studies - Investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução: A fadiga decorrente de um exercício de endurance ocorre devido a alterações tanto periféricas quanto centrais e pode influenciar no desempenho subsequente durante um teste de força. Sabe-se que o aumento da concentração de serotonina é um dos fatores centrais associados à fadiga induzida pelo exercício de endurance, principalmente em ambientes quentes. Uma estratégia nutricional utilizada para diminuir a ativação serotonérgica é a suplementação com aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada (AACR). Objetivo: Investigar se a suplementação com AACR atenua a redução da força isométrica causada pela realização prévia de um exercício de endurance em ambiente quente. Métodos: Nove voluntários (25,4±1,2 anos) realizaram uma contração voluntária máxima isométrica (CVMISO) de membro superior durante 2 min, antes e após um exercício de endurance em um cicloergômetro a 40% da potência máxima aeróbica. Os voluntários foram submetidos a três situações experimentais: 1) exercício de endurance em ambiente temperado (23°C e 60% URA); exercício em ambiente quente (35°C; 60% URA) com ingestão de: 2) solução placebo ou 3) solução contendo 30 mg.kg−1 de AACR. Durante o teste de CVMISO, a força isométrica dos músculos flexores do cotovelo direito, a temperatura corporal interna (TINT) e a frequência cardíaca (FC) foram medidas. Resultados: A força isométrica diminuiu após o exercício de endurance no ambiente quente e a administração de AACR não atenuou essa redução. Valores maiores de TINT e FC foram observados após o exercício de endurance em ambiente quente em relação aos valores do pré-exercício, sendo que a suplementação também não interferiu nessas respostas fisiológicas. Conclusão: A redução da força isométrica, devido à realização prévia de exercício de endurance em ambiente quente, não foi atenuada pela suplementação com AACR. Nível de evidência I; Tipo de estudo: Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: La fatiga derivada de un ejercicio de endurance ocurre debido a las alteraciones tanto periféricas como centrales y puede influir en el desempeño subsiguiente durante un test de fuerza. Se sabe que el aumento de la concentración de serotonina es uno de los factores centrales asociados a la fatiga inducida por el ejercicio de endurance, principalmente en ambientes cálidos. Una estrategia nutricional empleada para disminuir la activación serotonérgica es la suplementación con aminoácidos de cadena ramificada (AACR). Objetivo: Investigar si la suplementación con AACR atenúa la reducción de la fuerza isométrica causada por la realización previa de un ejercicio de endurance en ambiente cálido. Métodos: Nueve voluntarios (25,4 + 1,2 años) realizaron una contracción voluntaria máxima isométrica (CVMISO) de dos minutos de miembro superior, antes y después de un ejercicio de endurance en un cicloergómetro a 40% de la potencia máxima aeróbica. Los voluntarios fueron sometidos a tres situaciones experimentales: 1) ejercicio de endurance en ambiente templado (23° C y 60% HR); ejercicio en ambiente cálido (35° C, 60% HR) con ingestión de: 2) solución placebo o 3) solución conteniendo 30 mg.kg−1 de AACR. Durante el test de CVMISO, se midieron la fuerza isométrica de los músculos flexores del codo derecho, la temperatura corporal interna (TINT) y la frecuencia cardíaca (FC). Resultados: La fuerza isométrica disminuyó después del ejercicio de endurance en el ambiente cálido y la administración de AACR no atenuó esa reducción. Se observaron mayores valores de TINT y FC después del ejercicio de endurance en ambiente cálido con relación a los valores del pre ejercicio, siendo que la suplementación tampoco interfirió en estas respuestas fisiológicas. Conclusión: La reducción de la fuerza isométrica, debido a la realización previa de ejercicio de endurance en ambiente cálido, no fue atenuada por la suplementación con AACR. Nivel de evidencia I; Tipo de estudio: Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
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INTRODUCTION: Necrosis, wound breakdown, and infection represent major complications associated with radical vulvectomy. We aimed to analyze the feasibility of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy as an adjunctive treatment for such complications. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of the medical records, clinical charts, and operative records of vulvar cancer patients who underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy after extensive surgical resection in our institute between 2012 and 2016, with a comparison of the clinical outcomes of patients with similar surgical procedures andsevere wound complications who did not undergo HBO2. RESULTS: A total of 16 patients were included in the study. In the subgroup treated with HBO2, seven patients were identified. Two patients had primary surgery, while five had recurrent surgery (of these, two had previously undergone radiation therapy). Six patients received reconstructive flaps (five myocutaneous and onefasciocutaneous), while one patient had primary suture. Dehiscence, ischemia and necrosis were estimated to cover 30%-80% of the surgical surface area. Surgical debridement was performed in six patients. Daily 90-minute sessions in the hyperbaric chamber were performed at a pressure of 2.2 atmospheres absolute, with partial oxygen pressure of 1672 mbar. Infection control and satisfactory healing were achieved using 10-61 sessions. All patients in the subgroup who did not receive HBO2 required surgical debridement due to partial or near-total flap necrosis, with two reconstructive interventions required. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was an efficient adjuvant for wound healing and infection control in managing wound complications after extensive vulvar resections.
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Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Neoplasias Vulvares/cirurgia , Vulvectomia/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Desbridamento , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Isquemia/terapia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Necrose/terapia , Reoperação/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Ferida Cirúrgica/patologia , Ferida Cirúrgica/terapia , Deiscência da Ferida Operatória/terapia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/terapia , CicatrizaçãoRESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo foi selecionar, por meio de três inquéritos transversais com universitários, os melhores pontos de corte dos minutos de prática de atividade física aeróbica no lazer, de intensidade moderada a vigorosa, como discriminador da ausência do excesso de peso corporal. Os inquéritos foram realizados nos anos de 2010, 2012 e 2014, com estudantes de uma universidade do estado da Bahia, com média etária de 24 anos (dp = 5,8) e 51,5% do sexo feminino. A faixa de peso corporal recomendável foi (índice de massa corporal de 18,5 kg/m2 a 24,9 kg/m2) empregada como categoria de classificação e a variável testada foram os minutos de atividades físicas aeróbicas de intensidade moderada a vigorosa praticadas no lazer. As estimativas dos pontos de corte foram analisadas pelas curvas ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic), para todos os universitários e estratificadas para as categorias das variáveis sociodemográficas e dos hábitos alimentares. O número de participantes em cada inquérito foi de 947 em 2010, 940 em 2012 e 915 em 2014. A prevalência de peso recomendável foi de 73,1% e a média dos minutos de atividades físicas no lazer foi de 270,1 (dp: 731,4; mediana de 0; variação interquartil: 360). De modo geral, a área sob a curva ROC foi de 0,56 (IC95%: 0,54 0,58), com ponto de corte de 150 minutos. A capacidade dos minutos de atividades físicas no lazer para a predição da ausência de excesso de peso corporal foi baixa e o ponto de corte que melhor discriminou essa característica foi de 150 minutos por semana.
The aim of this study was to select, through of the analysis of three cross-sectional surveys with college, the best cutoffs of minutes of practice of aerobic physical activity during leisure-time in moderate to vigorous intensities, as discriminator of the absence of excess body weight (overweight and obesity). The surveys were realized in the years of 2010, 2012 and 2014 in university from state Bahia, with mean age of 24 years (SD = 5,8) and 51.5% of female. The recommended body weight range (body mass index of 18.5 kg/m2to 24.9 kg/m2) was used as classification category and the variable tested were the minutes of physical activity in leisure, aerobic, in moderate to vigorous intensities. Estimates of cutoffs were analyzed by ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves, general and stratified of according categories of sociodemographic and eating habits variables. The number of participants in each surveys were: 947 in 2010, 940 in 2012 and 915 in 2014. The prevalence of recommended body weight was 73.1% and the average minutes of physical activity in leisure-time was 270.1 (SD: 731.4; median: 0; interquartile range: 360). The best cut-off points, in general, was 150 minutes (ROC: 0.56; CI95%: 0.54 0.58). The capacity of leisure-time physical activities minutes to predict the absence of excess body weight was low and the cutoff better discriminated that characteristic was 150 minutes per week.
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Estudantes , Estudos Transversais , Sobrepeso , ObesidadeRESUMO
This study investigated the effects of manipulating the load components of aerobic training sessions on the physical performance of rats. To achieve this purpose, adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: an untrained control (CON) group and training groups with a predominant overload in intensity (INT) or duration (DUR) or alternating and similar overloads in intensity and duration (ID). Prior to, during, and after 8 weeks of the control or training protocols, the performance of the rats (evaluated by their workload) was determined during fatiguing, incremental-speed treadmill running. Two additional incremental running tests were performed prior to and at the end of the protocols to measure the peak rate of oxygen consumption (VO2peak). As expected, the rats in the trained groups exhibited increased performance, whereas the untrained rats showed stable performance throughout the 8 weeks. Notably, the performance gain exhibited by the DUR rats reached a plateau after the 4th week. This plateau was not present in the INT or ID rats, which exhibited increased performance at the end of training protocol compared with the DUR rats. None of the training protocols changed the VO2peak values; however, these values were attained at faster speeds, which indicated increased running economy. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the training protocols improved the physical performance of rats, likely resulting from enhanced running economy. Furthermore, compared with overload in duration, overload in the intensity of training sessions was more effective at inducing performance improvements across the 8 weeks of the study.
Assuntos
Condicionamento Físico Animal , Animais , Consumo de Oxigênio , RatosRESUMO
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a distribuição e as características dos grupos de pesquisa relacionados às pessoas com deficiência, na área de Educação Física no Brasil e a produção científica vinculada aos grupos. Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, de natureza documental, por meio da análise dos grupos de pesquisa cadastrados no Diretório de Grupos de Pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). A busca foi realizada em junho e julho de 2014 e os grupos identificados foram caracterizados e estratificados em específicos e não específicos para a deficiência, com base nas linhas de pesquisa. Nos grupos de pesquisa específicos, a produção dos líderes foi analisada quanto aos tipos de deficiência. Resultados: Foram encontrados 70 grupos de pesquisa, dos quais 38 foram incluídos, sendo 22 considerados específicos para as pessoas com deficiência. O artigo original foi a principal forma de veiculação das informações dos grupos de pesquisa específicos. A deficiência motora foi o tema predominante entre as investigações dos grupos de pesquisa específicos, perfazendo 75 publicações de artigos originais, seguido do assunto deficiência visual. Os grupos concentraram-se na região sudeste (42%). Conclusão: Conclui-se que as investigações foram direcionadas para a deficiência motora e que o artigo original foi a principal modalidade de divulgação do conhecimento dos grupos específicos da deficiência. A quantidade de grupos específicos mostrou-se desigual entre as regiões brasileiras. (AU)
Objective: To describe the distribution and characteristics of research groups focused on people with disabilities in the area of Physical Education in Brazil, as well as to describe their scientific production. Material and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted through electronic data analysis of the research groups registered in the Research Group Directory (Diretório de Grupos de Pesquisa) of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq). The searches were performed in June and July 2014, and the groups were characterized and further stratified as directly or indirectly related to disability based on their research lines. In the specific research groups, production of the group leaders was analyzed according to the types of disability. Results: A total of 70 research groups were found, of which 38 were included for analysis and 22 were considered to be specific for people with disabilities. Original article was the main form of propagation of information from specific research groups. Physical disabilities was the most frequent topic, totaling 75 publications of original articles, followed by visual impairment. The groups were mostly concentrated in southeastern Brazil (42%). Conclusion: The research groups have mostly addressed motor disabilities, and original article was the main mechanism of disability-targeted groups for dissemination of knowledge. The amount of specific groups was found to be uneven across different regions. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoas com Deficiência/estatística & dados numéricos , Grupos de Pesquisa , Atividade MotoraRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The number of couples seeking assisted reproduction services in pursuit of the dream of conceiving a child is growing. In developing countries 10 to 15% of couples of childbearing age cannot bear a child by natural means and the impossibility of conceiving a child has a significant impact on the health and well-being of the couple. The aim of this study was to evaluate the socioeconomic profile and the main causes of infertility of couples seeking assisted reproduction treatment through the public healthcare system. METHODS: We analyzed 600 medical records of couples who sought infertility treatment at the public healthcare system, and we divided them into three groups according to age: 35 years, 35 to 39, and 40 years or more. In each group we analyzed the cause of infertility, the number of children of the spouses, the education level and family income. RESULTS: The main cause of infertility was male-related in 34%, followed by tubal factor in 31.5%. We found that 56% of the women were less than 35 years old and 58% of the couples earned less than 3 minimum wages. CONCLUSION: The profile of the couples was: low-income, low education and less than 35 years of age. The cost of assisted reproductive treatment is still high, being restricted to couples of higher socioeconomic statuses. An effective public healthcare policy could minimize this problem by improving the quality of care for couples seeking infertility treatment at the public healthcare system.