RESUMO
Deforestation of the Amazon may reach a critical point where abrupt declines in rainfall could cause widespread forest dieback.
Assuntos
Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Árvores , Florestas , BrasilRESUMO
The developmental cycles of five Brazilian populations of the Lutzomyia longipalpis Lutz & Neiva species complex (Diptera: Psychodidae) were compared under laboratory conditions. Three of the populations were derived from insects collected in allopatric sites at Natal (Rio Grande do Norte State), Jacobina (Bahia State) and Lapinha Cave (Minas Gerais State). The other two originated from Sobral (Ceará State), where the males of two sympatric species can be distinguished by the presence of one (1S) or two (2S) pairs of abdominal spots. The results of the present study clearly show that all three populations whose males produce C16 pheromones and use pulse-type copulation songs (Jacobina, Lapinha Cave and Sobral 1S) are more easily adapted to the colonization conditions used in our laboratory, producing larger egg batches, with higher survival and an overall faster developmental cycle. This contrasts with populations producing C20 male pheromones and using burst-type copulation songs (Natal and Sobral 2S) that produce smaller egg batches, have higher oviposition mortality and a slower rate of development under identical laboratory conditions. In conclusion, these phenological differences are a further indication of the differentiation of the siblings within the Lu. longipalpis species complex.
Assuntos
Estágios do Ciclo de Vida , Psychodidae/fisiologia , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Geografia , Humanos , Insetos Vetores , Masculino , Oviposição , Feromônios/fisiologia , Febre por Flebótomos/parasitologia , Polimorfismo Genético , Psychodidae/genética , Psychodidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Reprodução/fisiologia , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
During two consecutive years, studies on the sand fly fauna in Poço das Antas and Fazenda Bom Retiro, two Atlantic Rain Forest Reserves from the State of Rio de Janeiro, were performed using Shannon traps, CDC light traps and human bait collections. Eleven species were identified; Lutzomyia longipalpis, L. migonei, L. edwardsi, L. intermedia, L. whitmani, L. fischeri, L. shannoni, L. ayrozai, L. hirsuta, L. monticola and L. misionensis (first occurrence in the State of Rio de Janeiro). L. intermedia and L. whitmani were the predominant anthropophilic species around houses, while L. hirsuta predominated in the forest.
Assuntos
Ecossistema , Psychodidae/classificação , Árvores , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estações do AnoRESUMO
A morphological study of the midgut of Lutzomyia intermedia, the primary vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis, in southeast Brazil, was conducted by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The midgut is formed by a layer of epithelium of columnar cells on a non-cellular basal lamina, under which there is a musculature, which consists of circular and longitudinal muscular fibers. A tracheolar network is observed surrounding and penetrating in the musculature. Females were examined 12, 24, 48, 72 h and 5 days following a blood meal and were analyzed comparatively by transmission electron microscopy with starved females. In starved females, the epithelium of both the anterior and posterior sections of the midgut present whorl shaped rough endoplasmic reticulum. The posterior section does not present well-developed cellular structures such as mitochondria. Observations performed at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after the blood meal showed morphological changes in the cellular structures in this section, and the presence of the peritrophic matrix up to 48 h after the blood meal. Digestion is almost complete and a few residues are detected in the lumen 72 h after blood feeding. Finally, on the 5th day after the blood meal all cellular structures present the original feature resembling that seen in starved sand flies. Morphometric data confirmed the morphological observations. Mitochondria, nuclei and microvilli of midgut epithelial cells are different in starved and blood fed females. The mitochondria present a similar profile in the epithelium of both the anterior and posterior section of the midgut, with higher dimension in starved females. The cell microvilli in the posterior section of the midgut of starved females are twice the size of those that had taken a blood meal. We concluded that there are changes in the midgut cellular structures of L. intermedia during the digestion of blood, which are in agreement with those described for other hematophagous diptera.
Assuntos
Mucosa Intestinal/ultraestrutura , Phlebotomus/ultraestrutura , Animais , Feminino , Microscopia Eletrônica de VarreduraAssuntos
Psychodidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Entomologia/métodos , Feminino , Alimentos , Larva , MasculinoRESUMO
The municipality of Ilhéus, State of Bahia, has a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis where entomological studies were carried out to determine the sand fly species and their habits. Lutzomyia migonei, L. sallesi, L. tupynambai, L. schreiberi, L. intermedia, L. whitmani, L. yuilli yuilli, L. fischeri, L. pessoai, L. shannoni and L. misionensis were identified. Lutzomyia whitmani was the predominant species. Specimens were collected indoors, at peridomestic sites, in the cocoa plantations and in other types of collections. Females fed readily on humans and were attracted to domestic animals. Our evidence suggests that L. whitmani is a probable vector.
Assuntos
Leishmania braziliensis/fisiologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/parasitologia , Psychodidae/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil , Insetos VetoresRESUMO
Schneider's Drosophila medium, a complex amino acid rich medium was tested alone and with seven different sugars for some aspects of the biology of Lutzomyia longipalpis. Statistically significant results were obtained when sucrose was used alone, indicating that among the sugars tested, this is still the most suitable and practical one for the maintenance of L. longipalpis colonies. However, the addition of Schneider's medium to a pool of different sugars, was suggested to be related with the acceptance of the first and second blood meals and to longevity, these being, obviously, quite relevant aspects when transmission experiments are contemplated.
Assuntos
Psychodidae/fisiologia , Aminoácidos/sangue , Animais , Carboidratos/sangue , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Longevidade/fisiologia , Oviposição/fisiologiaRESUMO
Cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD) is a rare disorder of familial incidence characterized by the accumulation of cholesteryl ester and triglycerides in the liver, intestine and bone marrow. Until now only 21 cases have been reported in the literature. We present a 9 months old girl presenting with increased abdominal girth. She had normal liver function tests and increased cholesterol and triglycerides serum levels. The liver biopsy showed many cholesterol cristals seen as needle shaped cristals under polarized light. This is the youngest patient being diagnosed clinically in the literature.
Assuntos
Doença do Armazenamento de Colesterol Éster/diagnóstico , Hepatopatias/diagnóstico , Colesterol/sangue , Doença do Armazenamento de Colesterol Éster/sangue , Doença do Armazenamento de Colesterol Éster/epidemiologia , Feminino , Hepatomegalia/etiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Hepatopatias/sangue , Hepatopatias/epidemiologia , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
Foram analisados os prontuarios de 59 criancas com constipacao intestinal cronica atendidas consecutivamente no Ambulatorio de Gastroenterologia Pediatrica do Departamento de Pediatria da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu. Em 40 casos (67,8%) a constipacao iniciou-se no primeiro ano de vida, mas houve um intervalo de tempo importante antes de haver encaminhamento para tratamento especializado. O estado nutricional foi bom em 72,9% dos casos.Encoprese ou soiling esteve presente em 22% dos casos. Em 64,4% dos casos o tratamento clinico foi eficaz, sem necessidade de tratamento psiquiatrico especializado.Apenas um dos casos sem resolucao ou recorrencia da constipacao apresentou ausencia dos reflexos mioentericos a manometria anorretal. Concluiu-se que, principalmente quando nao existem facilidades para tratamento psiquiatrico especializado, o apoio psicologico pela equipe de gastrenterologos pediatras pode ser suficiente para a resolucao da maioria dos casos, desde que seja observado esquema terapeuticos padronizado