RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics, impact and outreach of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for sexual exposure in Brazil. METHODS: We used secondary data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health to describe the impact of national guidelines on the frequency of prescription, user profile and antiretroviral regimens. We also estimated the number of potentially averted HIV infections attributable to PEP for consented sexual exposure between 2009 and 2017. RESULTS: A total of 260 457 PEP regimens were prescribed to individuals ≥ 14 years old; 104 613 (40.2%) were prescribed for consented sexual exposure, with an increasing frequency since 2011. Drugs used in PEP regimens underwent significant modifications during the period, reflecting national recommendations. We estimated that there were up to 3138 potentially averted HIV infections attributable to PEP for consented sexual exposure between 2009 and 2017. CONCLUSIONS: In the context of a combined HIV prevention strategy, PEP is still an essential tool for individuals for whom other methods are contraindicated or fail to be applied.
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Profilaxia Pós-Exposição/métodos , Adulto , Brasil , Análise Custo-Benefício , Feminino , Homossexualidade Masculina/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Medicamentos sob Prescrição/uso terapêutico , Profissionais do Sexo/estatística & dados numéricos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To study the relationship between topoisomerase IIalpha, active caspase-3 expressions and HPV DNA in uterine cervices with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). METHODS: Forty women with LSIL and 32 without cervical neoplasia diagnosed through cytologic and histopathologic examination were evaluated regarding topoisomerase IIalpha and active caspase-3 expressions and HPV DNA detection using PCR (GP5/GP6) in cervicovaginal smears. RESULTS: The mean percentage of cells immunomarked by topoisomerase in the group with LSIL was 11.62% while in the control it was 4.13% (p < 0.0001). In the presence of HPV DNA, topoisomerase expression was higher in the group with productive viral infection than in nonneoplastic tissue (p = 0.004). Caspase-3 expression was observed in 17 patients with LSIL (42.5%) and in five without cervical neoplasia (15.63%). CONCLUSION: The use of topoisomerase IIalpha and active caspase-3 in cervical biopsies may help to define the prognosis of HPV cervical infection.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Neoplasias/análise , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Caspase 3/análise , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo II/análise , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/análise , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , DNA Viral/análise , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , PrognósticoRESUMO
Polyaniline (PANI) was chemically synthesized on a dacron disk surface and an antigen (F1 fraction) obtained from Yersinia pestis was covalently fixed onto this composite via glutaraldehyde. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or rapid ELISA procedure detected immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-F1 fraction in human serum employing this derivative. The appropriate conditions for carrying out the test were established as an antigen concentration of 2 microg/PANI-dacron disk, peroxidase labeled goat anti-human IgG conjugate diluted 4000 times, and a serum dilution of 1:100. The PANI-dacron disks showed greater antigen retention than conventional poly(vinyl chloride) plates and less antibody unspecific adsorption.