RESUMO
PURPOSE: Post hoc analysis of the JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial of avelumab maintenance in locally advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC) to determine the interaction by programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) status for overall survival (OS), and additional analyses of survival per a different PD-L1 expression cutoff of ≥ 1% in tumor cells or immune cells (TC/IC). METHODS: JAVELIN Bladder 100 data were used for the analysis of the interaction by PD-L1 status (per cutoff used in the trial) for OS and, additionally, OS and progression-free survival (PFS) analyses per a different ≥ 1% TC/IC PD-L1 expression cutoff (Ventana SP263 assay). RESULTS: No significant interaction between treatment and PD-L1 status was observed for OS. Clinically meaningful and robust survival data were observed in favor of avelumab using the different ≥ 1% TC/IC PD-L1 expression cutoff. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the benefit of avelumab maintenance in la/mUC regardless of PD-L1 expression, consistent with approved labels.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Antígeno B7-H1 , Carcinoma de Células de Transição , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Humanos , Antígeno B7-H1/metabolismo , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/mortalidade , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/patologia , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Feminino , Masculino , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Quimioterapia de Manutenção , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in the male population in Western countries, second to skin cancer. Hormonal therapy allows long-lasting and effective control of cancer-related symptoms in advanced stages; however, in almost all patients with metastatic PCa the disease will progress when it becomes castration-resistant (CRPC). Chemotherapy with docetaxel was a turning point in CRPC, as, for the first time, it resulted in an increased survival time in comparison with mitoxantrone and prednisone. Combination therapy with docetaxel and prednisone is the first-line treatment of choice. Once the cancer has progressed, there is no clear alternative, although some new agents have shown promise in the treatment of this type of cancer. This review will provide an overview of the current status of CRPC, including clinical status, prognosis, firstline treatment and new second-line treatment options.