RESUMO
The highly effective Au/Fe2O3-@Au/Fe2O3nanoreactors for the 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction are successfully obtained by one-pot synthesis using the spray pyrolysis (SP) technique. The Au/Fe2O3-@Au/Fe2O3nanoreactors manifest superior catalytic activity in the reduction of 4-NP in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) compared to gold-iron oxide nanoreactors prepared via a colloidal approach. The negative effect of the reaction product accumulation, the 4-aminophenol (4-AP), on the catalytic reduction of 4-NP over Au/Fe2O3-@Au/Fe2O3is examined by a direct pre-injection of 4-AP to the reaction media. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first experimental evidence of gold active sites blocking by 4-AP. All obtained samples are characterized by the yolk-shell spherical hollow structure mainly consisted of two embedded hollow nanospheres. The reduction of iron oxide precursor concentration diminishes the diameter of final iron oxide nanospheres. According to STEM-EDS analysis and STEM, Au nano species are uniformly dispersed on both iron oxide nanospheres. The SP technique presently used to synthesize Au/Fe2O3-@Au/Fe2O3nanoreactors manifests high potential for the one-pot fabrication of a large variety of nanoreactors with various active materials applied as heterogeneous catalysts in numerous catalytic processes.
RESUMO
Abstract Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage is a rare and diverse anomaly, accounting for 1% to 3% of patients with congenital heart disease. Newborns with diagnosis of an obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous dainage are extremely ill soon after birth and often present with severe cyanosis, pulmonary hypertension and low cardiac output requiring urgent surgical intervention. Transcatheter palliative stenting of the obstructive vertical vein can be an acceptable alternative as a bailout intervention before complete surgical correction is undertaken. This report of two cases highlights the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of the inter ventional palliative procedure and confirms that this technique can be an acceptable and attractive bridge in the algorithm of medical decisions during the evaluation of these critical patients.
Resumen El drenaje venoso pulmonar anómalo total es una enfermedad poco frecuente y de presentación diversa y se observa en el 1% a 3% de las cardiopatías congénitas. Si se asocia a obstrucción, se convierte en una afección grave en el recién nacido, mostrando cianosis intensa, hipertensión arterial pulmonar y bajo gasto cardíaco con indicación de intervención quirúrgica de urgencia. El implante de stent por cateterismo de forma paliativa para aliviar la obstrucción puede ser una alternativa aceptable de tratamiento como intervención de rescate antes de la corrección quirúrgica definitiva. Presentamos dos casos de intervención percutánea paliativa mostrando que esta técnica puede ser eficaz como puente al tratamiento quirúrgico definitivo para ser incorporado en la toma de decisiones de estos pacientes críticos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Veias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Veias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiopatias Congênitas , Hipertensão Pulmonar , Stents , DrenagemRESUMO
Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage is a rare and diverse anomaly, accounting for 1% to 3% of patients with congenital heart disease. Newborns with diagnosis of an obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous dainage are extremely ill soon after birth and often present with severe cyanosis, pulmonary hypertension and low cardiac output requiring urgent surgical intervention. Transcatheter palliative stenting of the obstructive vertical vein can be an acceptable alternative as a bailout intervention before complete surgical correction is undertaken. This report of two cases highlights the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of the interventional palliative procedure and confirms that this technique can be an acceptable and attractive bridge in the algorithm of medical decisions during the evaluation of these critical patients.
El drenaje venoso pulmonar anómalo total es una enfermedad poco frecuente y de presentación diversa y se observa en el 1% a 3% de las cardiopatías congénitas. Si se asocia a obstrucción, se convierte en una afección grave en el recién nacido, mostrando cianosis intensa, hipertensión arterial pulmonar y bajo gasto cardíaco con indicación de intervención quirúrgica de urgencia. El implante de stent por cateterismo de forma paliativa para aliviar la obstrucción puede ser una alternativa aceptable de tratamiento como intervención de rescate antes de la corrección quirúrgica definitiva. Presentamos dos casos de intervención percutánea paliativa mostrando que esta técnica puede ser eficaz como puente al tratamiento quirúrgico definitivo para ser incorporado en la toma de decisiones de estos pacientes críticos.
Assuntos
Cardiopatias Congênitas , Hipertensão Pulmonar , Veias Pulmonares , Drenagem , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Veias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Veias Pulmonares/cirurgia , StentsRESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: Este estudio explora el razonamiento moral de un grupo de jugadores de fútbol del pueblo indígena shipibo-konibo sobre el uso de diversas trampas en competencias de dicho deporte. Método : Mediante entrevistas cualitativas, usando cartulinas escritas que presentan situaciones de conflicto comunes a la práctica del fútbol, se identifican primero los recursos secretos propios de su contexto cultural, utilizados para obtener ventajas sobre los rivales. Resultados : Luego de ello, se exploran las creencias y modos de razonar moralmente de estos jugadores sobre el uso de dichos secretos, así como sobre situaciones comunes de trasgresión presentes en la práctica del futbol. Conclusión : Los resultados muestran la compleja articulación entre creencias y cosmovisiones culturales específicas y procesos universales de razonamiento moral, comunes a los miembros de diferentes culturas.
Abstract Objetive : this study explores the moral reasoning of a group of soccer players from the Shipibo-Konibo indigenous people concerning the use of various fouls and misconduct in such sport's competitions. Method : through qualitative interviews, using written cards that show conflict situations in soccer games, the cultural secrets used to gain advantage over rivals are first identified. Results : afterwards, the beliefs and ways of moral reasoning of these players on the use of such secrets, as well as common fouls in soccer games, are examined. Conclusion : the results show the complex relationship that the specific cultural beliefs and worldviews have with the universal processes of moral reasoning common to people from different cultures.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The role of prolactin (PRL) in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is controversial. The effect of conventional treatment (steroids, antimalarials, immunosuppressor drugs) on PRL concentrations is unclear. We investigated correlation of PRL levels with lupus activity in patients at entry and after 6 months of conventional treatment. METHODS: We studied 43 female patients with active SLE, who were divided in 2 groups; Group 1: 16 patients with minor organ involvement (cutaneous and articular involvement), and Group 2: 27 patients with major organ involvement (glomerulonephritis). Controls were 36 healthy individuals. PRL levels were determined by an immunoradiometric assay at entry and after 6 months of treatment. PRL levels were correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score. RESULTS: Mild hyperprolactinemia (HPRL, 20-40 ng/ml) was found in 30/43 (69.7%) SLE patients. After 6 months of treatment a reduction in PRL levels was found in both groups: Group 1: 24.3 +/- 10.8 to 16.96 +/- 10.87 ng/ml (p < 0.001); and Group 2: 23.6 +/- 5.7 to 12.07 +/- 11.13 ng/ml (p < 0.001). The SLEDAI score also decreased after treatment: Group 1: 16.5 +/- 5.9 to 2.1 +/- 1.3 (p < 0.001); Group 2: 16.8 +/- 5.4 to 1.6 +/- 1.4 (p < 0.001). At entry and after treatment, a significant correlation between PRL levels and SLEDAI score was found in all patients (r = 0.4946, p = 0.0007, and r = 0.9086, p = 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSION: HPRL was associated with SLE disease activity. Conventional immunosuppressive therapy decreased PRL levels in direct correlation with decreased SLE activity. This finding emphasizes that PRL may play a role in the pathogenesis and clinical expression of SLE.